Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas

In this Spanish name, the family name is Saavedra.

Ángel de Saavedra
File:Ángel de Saavedra, duque de Rivas (Museo del Prado).jpg Ángel de Saavedra; by Gabriel Maureta y Aracil (1832–1912)
Prime Minister of Spain
In office 18 July 1854 – 19 July 1854
Monarch	Isabella II
Preceded by	Fernando Fernández de Córdova
Succeeded by	Baldomero Espartero
Seat c of the Real Academia Española
In office 24 February 1847 – 22 June 1865
Preceded by	Seat established
Succeeded by	Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Director of the Real Academia Española
In office 20 February 1862 – 22 June 1865
Preceded by	Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
Succeeded by	Mariano Roca de Togores
Personal details
Born	Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano (1791-03-10)10 March 1791 Córdoba, Spain
Died	Madrid, Spain
Resting place	Saint Isidore Cemetery
Political party	Realista Moderado

Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas (Spanish: Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duque de Rivas; 10 March 1791 – 22 June 1865) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba. He is best known for his play Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (Don Álvaro, or the Force of Fate) (1835), the first romantic success in the Spanish theater.

Career

De Saavedra fought in the war of independence and was also a prominent member of the advanced Liberal party from 1820 to 1823. In 1823, Rivas was condemned to death for his liberal views and fled to England. He lived successively in Italy, Malta and France, until the death of Ferdinand VII in 1833 and the amnesty of 1834, when he returned to Spain, shortly afterwards succeeding his brother as duke of Rivas.

In 1835 he became minister of the interior under Isturiz, and along with his chief had again to leave the country. Returning in 1837, he joined the moderate party, became prime minister, and was subsequently ambassador at Paris and Naples and director of the Real Academia Española.

In 1813 he published Ensayos poéticos, and between that time and his first exile several of his tragedies (the most notable being Alatar, 1814, and Lanuza, 1822) were put upon the stage. Traces of foreign influence are observable in El Moro expósito (1833), a narrative poem dedicated to John Hookham Frere; these are still more marked in Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino (first played on 22 March 1835 in Madrid), a drama which emerged from heated literary controversy.

Don Álvaro is of historical importance inasmuch as it established the new French romanticism in Spain. The play was used as the basis of Francesco Maria Piave's libretto for Verdi's opera La forza del destino (1862). As a poet, Rivas's best-known work is Romances históricos (1841), adaptions of popular legends in ballad form.

Marriage and children

He married María de la Encarnación de Cueto y Ortega (1806–1885) and had 9 children, including :

• Enrique Ramírez de Saavedra y de Cueto (1828–1914), 4th Duke of Rivas
• Gonzalo de Saavedra y Cueto (1831–1899), mayor of Madrid

Bibliography

• Duque de Rivas, Obras completas (Madrid 1956).
• R. Cardwell, "Don Álvaro or the Force of Cosmic Injustice" in Studies in Romanticism 12 (1973): 559–79.
• D. T. Gies The Theater in Nineteenth-Century Spain (Cambridge 1994).
• G. H. Lovett, The Duke of Rivas (Boston 1977).
• W. T. Pattison, "The secret of Don Álvaro" in Symposium 21 (1967): 67–81.
• J. Valero and S. Zighelboim, "Don Álvaro o la fuerza del signo" in Decimononica 3 (2006): 53–71.
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External links

• Don Álvaro, or the Force of Fate Archived 9 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine (description of English translation by Robert G. Trimble)
• Works by Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)