.com
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| Introduced | March 15, 1985 |
|---|---|
| Registry | Verisign |
| Sponsor | None |
| Intended use | Commercial entities only (worldwide) |
| Actual use | Used for virtually any commercial website and is generally accepted as the standard for TLDs |
| Registration restrictions | None |
| Structure | Registrations are conducted at second level. |
| Documents | RFC 920; RFC 1591; ICANN registry agreement |
| Dispute policies | UDRP |
| Website | Verisign COM NET Registry |
| DNSSEC | yes |
The domain name com is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. Its name is derived from the word commercial,[1] indicating its original intended purpose for domains registered by commercial organizations. However, eventually the distinction was lost when .com, .org and .net were opened for unrestricted registration.
The domain was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense, but is today operated by Verisign, and remains under ultimate jurisdiction of U.S. law.[2][3][4] Verisign Registrations in com are processed via registrars accredited by ICANN. The registry accepts internationalized domain names.
The domain was one of the original top-level domains (TLDs) in the Internet when the Domain Name System was implemented in January 1985, the others being edu, gov, mil, net, org, and arpa. It has grown into the largest top-level domain.[5]
History
The domain com was as one of the first set of top-level domains when the Domain Name System was first implemented for use on the Internet in January 1985. The domain was administered by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), however the department contracted the domain maintenance to SRI International. SRI created DDN-NIC, also known as SRI-NIC, or simply the NIC (Network Information Center),[6] then accessible online with the domain name nic.ddn.mil. Beginning October 1, 1991, an operations contract was awarded to Government Systems Inc. (GSI), which sub-contracted it to Network Solutions Inc. (NSI).[7]
On January 1, 1993, the National Science Foundation assumed responsibility of maintenance, as com was primarily being used for non-defense interests. The NSF contracted operation to Network Solutions (NSI). In 1995, the NSF authorized NSI to begin charging registrants an annual fee, for the first-time since the domain's inception. Initially the fee was US$50 per year, with US$35 going to NSI, and US$15 going to a government fund. New registrations had to pay for the first two years, making the new-domain registration fee US$100. In 1997 the United States Department of Commerce assumed authority over all generic TLDs. It is currently operated by VeriSign, which had acquired Network Solutions. VeriSign later spun off Network Solutions' non-registry functions into a separate company which continues as a registrar. In the English language the domain is often spelled with a leading period and commonly pronounced as dot-com, and has entered common parlance this way.
Although com domains were originally intended to designate commercial entities[8] (others such as government agencies or educational institutions have different top-level domains assigned to them), there has been no restriction on who can register com domains since the mid-1990s. With the commercialization and popularization of the Internet, the com domain was opened to the public and quickly became the most common top-level domain for websites, email, and networking. Many companies that flourished in the period from 1997 to 2001 .[2][3][4] (the time known as the "dot-com bubble") incorporated the com suffix into company names; these became known as dot-coms or dot-com companies. The introduction of biz in 2001, which is restricted to businesses, has had no impact on the popularity of com.[citation needed]
Although companies anywhere in the world can register com domains, many countries have a second-level domain with a similar purpose under their own country code top-level domain (ccTLD), such as Australia (com.au), Sri Lanka (com.lk), Greece (com.gr), Mexico (com.mx), South Korea (co.kr), India (co.in), Indonesia (co.id), China (com.cn), Japan (co.jp), Vietnam (.com.vn) or (.vn) and the United Kingdom (co.uk) are all examples.
Many non-commercial sites and networks use com names to benefit from the perceived recognizability of a com domain. However, the registration statistics[5] show varying popularity over the years.[citation needed]
As of December 2011, VeriSign reported that approximately 100 million com domains were registered.[9] As of March 2009, VeriSign reported that the domain is served by 926 accredited registrars.[9]
The U.S. Department of Commerce on November 29, 2012, approved renewal of the .com Registry Agreement between Verisign, Inc., and ICANN. Through this agreement, Verisign will manage the registry for the .com top level domain until November 30, 2018.[10]
List of oldest com domains
The following are the 100 oldest still-existing registered com domains:[11]
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| Rank | Create date | Domain name |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | March 15, 1985 | symbolics.com |
| 2 | April 24, 1985 | BBN.com |
| 3 | May 24, 1985 | think.com |
| 4 | July 11, 1985 | MCC.com |
| 5 | September 30, 1985 | DEC.com |
| 6 | November 7, 1985 | northrop.com |
| 7 | January 9, 1986 | xerox.com |
| 8 | January 17, 1986 | SRI.com |
| 9 | March 3, 1986 | HP.com |
| 10 | March 5, 1986 | bellcore.com |
| 11 | March 19, 1986 | IBM.com |
| 11 | March 19, 1986 | sun.com |
| 13 | March 25, 1986 | intel.com |
| 13 | March 25, 1986 | TI.com |
| 15 | April 25, 1986 | ATT.com |
| 16 | May 8, 1986 | GMR.com |
| 16 | May 8, 1986 | tek.com |
| 18 | July 10, 1986 | FMC.com |
| 18 | July 10, 1986 | UB.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | bell-atl.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | GE.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | grebyn.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | ISC.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | NSC.com |
| 20 | August 5, 1986 | stargate.com |
| 26 | September 2, 1986 | boeing.com |
| 27 | September 18, 1986 | ITCorp.com |
| 28 | September 29, 1986 | siemens.com |
| 29 | October 18, 1986 | pyramid.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | alphaDC.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | BDM.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | fluke.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | inmet.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | kesmai.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | mentor.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | NEC.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | ray.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | rosemount.com |
| 30 | October 27, 1986 | vortex.com |
| 40 | November 5, 1986 | alcoa.com |
| 40 | November 5, 1986 | GTE.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | adobe.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | AMD.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | DAS.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | data-IO.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | octopus.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | portal.com |
| 42 | November 17, 1986 | teltone.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | 3Com.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | amdahl.com |
| Rank | Create date | Domain name |
|---|---|---|
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | CCUR.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | CI.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | convergent.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | DG.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | peregrine.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | quad.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | SQ.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | tandy.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | TTI.com |
| 49 | December 11, 1986 | unisys.com |
| 61 | January 19, 1987 | CGI.com |
| 61 | January 19, 1987 | CTS.com |
| 61 | January 19, 1987 | SPDCC.com |
| 64 | February 19, 1987 | apple.com |
| 65 | March 4, 1987 | NMA.com |
| 65 | March 4, 1987 | prime.com |
| 67 | April 4, 1987 | philips.com |
| 68 | April 23, 1987 | datacube.com |
| 68 | April 23, 1987 | KAI.com |
| 68 | April 23, 1987 | TIC.com |
| 68 | April 23, 1987 | vine.com |
| 72 | April 30, 1987 | NCR.com |
| 73 | May 14, 1987 | cisco.com |
| 73 | May 14, 1987 | RDL.com |
| 75 | May 20, 1987 | SLB.com |
| 76 | May 27, 1987 | parcplace.com |
| 76 | May 27, 1987 | UTC.com |
| 78 | June 26, 1987 | IDE.com |
| 79 | July 9, 1987 | TRW.com |
| 80 | July 13, 1987 | unipress.com |
| 81 | July 27, 1987 | dupont.com |
| 81 | July 27, 1987 | lockheed.com |
| 83 | July 28, 1987 | rosetta.com |
| 84 | August 18, 1987 | toad.com |
| 85 | August 31, 1987 | quick.com |
| 86 | September 3, 1987 | allied.com |
| 86 | September 3, 1987 | DSC.com |
| 86 | September 3, 1987 | SCO.com |
| 89 | September 22, 1987 | gene.com |
| 89 | September 22, 1987 | KCCS.com |
| 89 | September 22, 1987 | spectra.com |
| 89 | September 22, 1987 | WLK.com |
| 93 | September 30, 1987 | mentat.com |
| 94 | October 14, 1987 | WYSE.com |
| 95 | November 2, 1987 | CFG.com |
| 96 | November 9, 1987 | marble.com |
| 97 | November 16, 1987 | cayman.com |
| 97 | November 16, 1987 | entity.com |
| 99 | November 24, 1987 | KSR.com |
| 100 | November 30, 1987 | NYNEXST.com |
See also
References
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 .com Monthly Transaction Report of December 2011
- ↑ Department of Commerce Approves Verisign-ICANN .com Registry Renewal Agreement | NTIA
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
