1952 in science
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
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The year 1952 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Contents
Biology
- August 1 – Around 9 o'clock AM,[verification needed] the San Benedicto rock wren goes extinct as its island home is smothered in a massive volcanic eruption.
- August 14 – Alan Turing's paper "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" is published, putting forward a reaction–diffusion hypothesis of pattern formation,[1] considered a seminal piece of work in morphogenesis.[2][3]
- August 28 – Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley publish the Hodgkin–Huxley model of action potentials in neurons of the squid giant axon.[4]
- September 20 – Publication of the paper on the Hershey–Chase experiment showing conclusively that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material of bacteriophages.[5]
- Biochemists Jack Gross and Rosalind Pitt-Rivers discover the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine.[6]
- The Braeburn apple cultivar is discovered as a chance seedling in New Zealand.
Chemistry
- Soviet scientists L. V. Radushkevich and V. M. Lukyanovich publish images of carbon nanotubes.[7]
Computer science
- The first autocode and its compiler are developed by Alick Glennie for the Manchester Mark 1 computer, considered as the first working high-level compiled programming language.[8]
History of science
- Discovery by Derek J. de Solla Price of a lost medieval scientific work entitled Equatorie of the Planetis, initially attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer.
Mathematics
- John Forbes Nash, Jr. produces groundbreaking work in the area of real algebraic geometry.[9][10]
- The Bradley–Terry model in probability theory is presented.[11]
Medicine
- February 6 – A mechanical heart is used for the first time in a human patient, in the United States.[12]
- March 1 – The British Psychological Society is founded.
- September 2 – The first successful operation to correct a cardiac shunt ("hole in the heart") is performed by Drs F. John Lewis and C. Walton Lillehei on a 5-year-old girl in the United States utilising the induced hypothermia technique developed by Wilfred Gordon "Bill" Bigelow.
- November 20 – The first successful sex reasignment surgery is performed in Copenhagen, making George Jorgensen Jr. become Christine Jorgensen.
- December 14 – The first successful surgical separation of conjoined twins is conducted in Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.
- December – Robert Gwyn Macfarlane and colleagues publish the first identification of Haemophilia B.[13]
- American obstetrical anesthesiologist Dr. Virginia Apgar devizes the Apgar score as a simple replicable method of quickly and summarily assessing the health of babies immediately after childbirth.[14][15]
- Jean Delay, head of psychiatry at Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, with Jean-François Buisson, reports the antidepressant effect of isoniazid.[16]
Physics
- November 1 – Nuclear testing: Operation Ivy – The United States successfully detonates the first hydrogen device, codenamed "Ivy Mike" ["m" for megaton], at Eniwetok island in the Bikini Atoll located in the Pacific Ocean.[17] The elements einsteinium and fermium are discovered in the fallout.[18]
- Geoffrey Dummer proposes the integrated circuit.[19]
Technology
- September 30 – The Cinerama widescreen film system, developed by Fred Waller, debuts with the movie This Is Cinerama at the Broadway Theatre in New York City.
- October 7 – The barcode is patented in the United States by Norman J. Woodland and Bernard Silver,[20] though it does not make its first appearance in an American shop until 1974.[21]
Awards
Births
- February 19 – Marcia McNutt, American geophysicist and science editor.
- February 28 – Simon P. Norton, English mathematician.
Deaths
- March 5 – Sir Charles Sherrington (born 1857), English neurophysiologist and bacteriologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932.
- September 5 – Hermann Stieve (born 1886), German anatomist and histologist.
- November 2 – Chaim Weizmann (born 1874), Belarusian-born chemist, first President of Israel.
- December 19 – Colonel Sir Charles Arden-Close (born 1865), British cartographer.
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Submitted November 1951.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Archived April 30, 2010 at the Wayback Machine)
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
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