51st United States Congress

51st United States Congress

50th ← → 52nd United States Capitol (1906) Duration: March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1891 Senate President: Levi P. Morton Senate Pres. pro tem: John J. Ingalls House Speaker: Thomas B. Reed Members: 88 Senators 332 Representatives 9 Non-voting members Senate Majority: Republican House Majority: Republican Sessions Special: March 4, 1889 – April 2, 1889 1st: December 2, 1889 – October 1, 1890 2nd: December 1, 1890 – March 3, 1891

The Fifty-first United States Congress, referred to by some critics as the Billion Dollar Congress, was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1891, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Tenth Census of the United States in 1880. Both chambers had a Republican majority. This marked the first time since the 43rd United States Congress that both chambers were controlled by the president's party.

Major events

Main articles: 1889 in the United States, 1890 in the United States, and 1891 in the United States

• March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison became President of the United States
• December 29, 1890: Wounded Knee Massacre

Major legislation

Benjamin Harrison and the Congress are portrayed as a "Billion-Dollar Congress," wasting the surplus in this cartoon from Puck.

Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 51st United States Congress

It was responsible for a number of pieces of landmark legislation, many of which asserted the authority of the federal government.

Emboldened by their success in the elections of 1888, the Republicans enacted virtually their entire platform during their first 303-day session, including a measure that provided American Civil War veterans with generous pensions and expanded the list of eligible recipients to include noncombatants and the children of veterans. Grover Cleveland had vetoed a similar bill in 1887. It was criticized as the "Billion Dollar Congress'" for its lavish spending and, for this reason it incited drastic reversals in public support that led to Cleveland's reelection in 1892.

Other important legislation passed into law by the Congress included the McKinley tariff, authored by Representative, and future President, William McKinley; the Sherman Antitrust Act, which prohibited business combinations that restricted trade; and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the U.S. government to mint silver. The last two were concessions to Western farmer interests in exchange for support of the tariff and would become central tenets of the Populist Party later in the decade. They were authored by Senator John Sherman.

The Fifty-first Congress was also responsible for passing the Land Revision Act of 1891, which created the national forests. Harrison authorized America's first forest reserve in Yellowstone, Wyoming, the same year.

Other bills were discussed but failed to pass, including two significant pieces of legislation focused on ensuring African Americans the right to vote. Henry Cabot Lodge sponsored a so-called Lodge Bill that would have established federal supervision of Congressional elections so as to prevent the disfranchisement of southern blacks. Henry W. Blair sponsored the Blair Education Bill, which advocated the use of federal aid for education in order to frustrate southern whites employing literacy tests to prevent blacks from registering to vote.

• June 27, 1890: Dependent Pension Act
• July 2, 1890: Sherman Antitrust Act, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209
• July 14, 1890: Sherman Silver Purchase Act, ch. 708, 26 Stat. 289
• August 30, 1890: Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act
• October 1, 1890: McKinley Tariff, ch. 1244, 26 Stat. 567
• March 3, 1891: Forest Reserve Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Land Revision Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Immigration Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: Merchant Marine Act of 1891
• March 3, 1891: International Copyright Act (The Chace Act)

States admitted and territories organized

• November 2, 1889: North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted as the 39th and 40th states.
• November 8, 1889: Montana was admitted as the 41st state.
• November 11, 1889: Washington was admitted as the 42nd state.
• May 2, 1890: Oklahoma Territory was organized.
• July 3, 1890: Idaho was admitted as the 43rd state.
• July 10, 1890: Wyoming was admitted as the 44th state.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Six new states were admitted during this Congress, and their Senators and Representatives were elected throughout the Congress.

Senate

	Party (Shading shows control)			Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Republican (R)	Other
End of the previous congress	37	38	1	76	0
Begin	37	39	0	76	0
End	35	51		86	2
Final voting share	40.7%	59.3%	0.0%
Beginning of the next congress	39	47	2 (Populist)	88	0

House of Representatives

	Party (Shading shows control)				Total	Vacant
	Democratic (D)	Socialist Labor (L)	Republican (R)	Other
End of the previous congress	167	2	152	(Independent Republican, National Greenback, Independent) 4	325	0
Begin	159	0	164	0	323	2
End	152	1	175		328	3
Final voting share	46.3%	0.3%	53.4%	0.0%
Beginning of the next congress	238	0	86	8 (Populist)	332	0

Leadership

President of the Senate
Levi P. Morton

Senate

• President: Levi P. Morton (R)
• President pro tempore: John J. Ingalls (R), elected March 7, 1889
  • Charles F. Manderson (R), elected March 2, 1891

House of Representatives

• Speaker: Thomas B. Reed (R)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1892; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1894; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1890.

Alabama

• 2. John T. Morgan (D)
• 3. James L. Pugh (D)

Arkansas

• 3. James K. Jones (D)
• 2. James H. Berry (D)

California

• 3. Leland Stanford (R)
• 1. George Hearst (D), until February 28, 1891, vacant thereafter

Colorado

• 3. Henry M. Teller (R)
• 2. Edward O. Wolcott (R)

Connecticut

• 3. Orville H. Platt (R)
• 1. Joseph R. Hawley (R)

Delaware

• 1. George Gray (D)
• 2. Anthony Higgins (R)

Florida

• 3. Wilkinson Call (D)
• 1. Samuel Pasco (D)

Georgia

• 3. Joseph E. Brown (D)
• 2. Alfred H. Colquitt (D)

Idaho

• 2. George L. Shoup (R), from December 18, 1890
• 3. William J. McConnell (R), from December 18, 1890

Illinois

• 2. Shelby M. Cullom (R)
• 3. Charles B. Farwell (R)

Indiana

• 3. Daniel W. Voorhees (D)
• 1. David Turpie (D)

Iowa

• 3. William B. Allison (R)
• 2. James F. Wilson (R)

Kansas

• 3. John J. Ingalls (R)
• 2. Preston B. Plumb (R)

Kentucky

• 2. James B. Beck (D), until May 3, 1890
  • John G. Carlisle (D), from May 26, 1890
• 3. Joseph C. S. Blackburn (D)

Louisiana

• 2. Randall L. Gibson (D)
• 3. James B. Eustis (D)

Maine

• 1. Eugene Hale (R)
• 2. William P. Frye (R)

Maryland

• 1. Arthur Pue Gorman (D)
• 3. Ephraim K. Wilson (D), died February 24, 1891, vacant thereafter

Massachusetts

• 1. Henry L. Dawes (R)
• 2. George F. Hoar (R)

Michigan

• 1. Francis B. Stockbridge (R)
• 2. James McMillan (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Cushman K. Davis (R)
• 2. William D. Washburn (R)

Mississippi

• 1. James Z. George (D)
• 2. Edward C. Walthall (D)

Missouri

• 1. Francis M. Cockrell (D)
• 3. George G. Vest (D)

Montana

• 2. Thomas C. Power (R), from January 2, 1890
• 1. Wilbur F. Sanders (R), from January 1, 1890

Nebraska

• 2. Charles F. Manderson (R)
• 1. Algernon S. Paddock (R)

Nevada

• 3. John P. Jones (R)
• 1. William M. Stewart (R)

New Hampshire

• 3. Henry W. Blair (R)
• 2. Gilman Marston (R), until June 18, 1889 (appointment ended)
  • William E. Chandler (R), from June 18, 1889 (elected)

New Jersey

• 2. John R. McPherson (D)
• 1. Rufus Blodgett (D)

New York

• 3. William M. Evarts (R)
• 1. Frank Hiscock (R)

North Carolina

• 2. Matt W. Ransom (D)
• 3. Zebulon B. Vance (D)

North Dakota

• 1. Lyman R. Casey (R), from November 25, 1889
• 3. Gilbert A. Pierce (R), from November 21, 1889

Ohio

• 1. John Sherman (R)
• 3. Henry B. Payne (D)

Oregon

• 2. Joseph N. Dolph (R)
• 3. John H. Mitchell (R)

Pennsylvania

• 3. J. Donald Cameron (R)
• 1. Matthew S. Quay (R)

Rhode Island

• 1. Nelson W. Aldrich (R)
• 2. Jonathan Chace (R), until April 9, 1889
  • Nathan F. Dixon, III (R), from April 10, 1889

South Carolina

• 2. Matthew C. Butler (D)
• 3. Wade Hampton, III (D)

South Dakota

• 2. Richard F. Pettigrew (R), from November 2, 1889
• 3. Gideon C. Moody (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee

• 2. Isham G. Harris (D)
• 1. William B. Bate (D)

Texas

• 2. Richard Coke (D)
• 1. John H. Reagan (D)

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (R)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (R)

Virginia

• 1. John W. Daniel (D)
• 2. John S. Barbour, Jr. (D)

Washington

• 1. John B. Allen (R), from November 20, 1889
• 3. Watson C. Squire (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia

• 2. John E. Kenna (D)
• 1. Charles J. Faulkner (D)

Wisconsin

• 1. Philetus Sawyer (R)
• 3. John C. Spooner (R)

Wyoming

• 2. Joseph M. Carey (R), from November 15, 1890
• 1. Francis E. Warren (R), from November 18, 1890

President pro tempore John J. Ingalls

President pro tempore Charles F. Manderson

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

See also: United States House of Representatives elections, 1888

Alabama

• 1. Richard H. Clarke (D)
• 2. Hilary A. Herbert (D)
• 3. William C. Oates (D)
• 4. Louis W. Turpin (D), until June 4, 1890
  • John V. McDuffie (R), from June 4, 1890
• 5. James E. Cobb (D)
• 6. John H. Bankhead (D)
• 7. William H. Forney (D)
• 8. Joseph Wheeler (D)

Arkansas

• 1. William H. Cate (D), until March 5, 1890 (lost election contest)
  • Lewis P. Featherstone (L), from March 5, 1890 (won election contest)
• 2. Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), until September 5, 1890, (lost election contest, but winner died)
  • Clifton R. Breckinridge (D), from November 4, 1890 (elected to finish term)
• 3. Thomas C. McRae (D)
• 4. John H. Rogers (D)
• 5. Samuel W. Peel (D)

California

• 1. John J. De Haven (R), until October 1, 1890
  • Thomas J. Geary (D), from December 9, 1890
• 2. Marion Biggs (D)
• 3. Joseph McKenna (R)
• 4. William W. Morrow (R)
• 5. Thomas J. Clunie (D)
• 6. William Vandever (R)

Colorado

• At-large. Hosea Townsend (R)

Connecticut

• 1. William E. Simonds (R)
• 2. Washington F. Willcox (D)
• 3. Charles A. Russell (R)
• 4. Frederick Miles (R)

Delaware

• At-large. John B. Penington (D)

Florida

• 1. Robert H. M. Davidson (D)
• 2. Robert Bullock (D)

Georgia

• 1. Rufus E. Lester (D)
• 2. Henry G. Turner (D)
• 3. Charles F. Crisp (D)
• 4. Thomas W. Grimes (D)
• 5. John D. Stewart (D)
• 6. James H. Blount (D)
• 7. Judson C. Clements (D)
• 8. Henry H. Carlton (D)
• 9. Allen D. Candler (D)
• 10. George T. Barnes (D)

Idaho

• At-large. Willis Sweet (R), from October 1, 1890

Illinois

• 1. Abner Taylor (R)
• 2. Frank Lawler (D)
• 3. William E. Mason (R)
• 4. George E. Adams (R)
• 5. Albert J. Hopkins (R)
• 6. Robert R. Hitt (R)
• 7. Thomas J. Henderson (R)
• 8. Charles A. Hill (R)
• 9. Lewis E. Payson (R)
• 10. Philip S. Post (R)
• 11. William H. Gest (R)
• 12. Scott Wike (D)
• 13. William M. Springer (D)
• 14. Jonathan H. Rowell (R)
• 15. Joseph G. Cannon (R)
• 16. George W. Fithian (D)
• 17. Edward Lane (D)
• 18. William S. Forman (D)
• 19. Richard W. Townshend (D), until March 9, 1889
  • James R. Williams (D), from December 2, 1889
• 20. George Washington Smith (R)

Indiana

• 1. William F. Parrett (D)
• 2. John H. O'Neall (D)
• 3. Jason B. Brown (D)
• 4. William S. Holman (D)
• 5. George W. Cooper (D)
• 6. Thomas M. Browne (R)
• 7. William D. Bynum (D)
• 8. Elijah V. Brookshire (D)
• 9. Joseph B. Cheadle (R)
• 10. William D. Owen (R)
• 11. Augustus N. Martin (D)
• 12. Charles A. O. McClellan (D)
• 13. Benjamin F. Shively (D)

Iowa

• 1. John H. Gear (R)
• 2. Walter I. Hayes (D)
• 3. David B. Henderson (R)
• 4. Joseph H. Sweney (R)
• 5. Daniel Kerr (R)
• 6. John F. Lacey (R)
• 7. Edwin H. Conger (R), until October 3, 1890
  • Edward R. Hays (R), from November 4, 1890
• 8. James P. Flick (R)
• 9. Joseph R. Reed (R)
• 10. Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)
• 11. Isaac S. Struble (R)

Kansas

• 1. Edmund N. Morrill (R)
• 2. Edward H. Funston (R)
• 3. Bishop W. Perkins (R)
• 4. Thomas Ryan (R), until April 4, 1889
  • Harrison Kelley (R), from December 2, 1889
• 5. John A. Anderson (R)
• 6. Erastus J. Turner (R)
• 7. Samuel R. Peters (R)

Kentucky

• 1. William J. Stone (D)
• 2. William T. Ellis (D)
• 3. Isaac H. Goodnight (D)
• 4. Alexander B. Montgomery (D)
• 5. Asher G. Caruth (D)
• 6. John G. Carlisle (D), until May 26, 1890
  • William W. Dickerson (D), from June 21, 1890
• 7. William C. P. Breckinridge (D)
• 8. James B. McCreary (D)
• 9. Thomas H. Paynter (D)
• 10. John H. Wilson (R)
• 11. Hugh F. Finley (R)

Louisiana

• 1. Theodore S. Wilkinson (D)
• 2. Hamilton D. Coleman (R)
• 3. Edward J. Gay (D), until May 30, 1889
  • Andrew Price (D), from December 2, 1889
• 4. Newton C. Blanchard (D)
• 5. Charles J. Boatner (D)
• 6. Samuel M. Robertson (D)

Maine

• 1. Thomas B. Reed (R)
• 2. Nelson Dingley, Jr. (R)
• 3. Seth L. Milliken (R)
• 4. Charles A. Boutelle (R)

Maryland

• 1. Charles H. Gibson (D)
• 2. Herman Stump (D)
• 3. Henry W. Rusk (D)
• 4. Henry J. Stockbridge, Jr. (R)
• 5. Barnes Compton (D), until March 20, 1890
  • Sydney E. Mudd (R), from March 20, 1890
• 6. Louis E. McComas (R)

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles S. Randall (R)
• 2. Elijah A. Morse (R)
• 3. John F. Andrew (D)
• 4. Joseph H. O'Neil (D)
• 5. Nathaniel P. Banks (R)
• 6. Henry Cabot Lodge (R)
• 7. William Cogswell (R)
• 8. Frederic T. Greenhalge (R)
• 9. John W. Candler (R)
• 10. Joseph H. Walker (R)
• 11. Rodney Wallace (R)
• 12. Francis W. Rockwell (R)

Michigan

• 1. J. Logan Chipman (D)
• 2. Edward P. Allen (R)
• 3. James O'Donnell (R)
• 4. Julius C. Burrows (R)
• 5. Charles E. Belknap (R)
• 6. Mark S. Brewer (R)
• 7. Justin R. Whiting (D)
• 8. Aaron T. Bliss (R)
• 9. Byron M. Cutcheon (R)
• 10. Frank W. Wheeler (R)
• 11. Samuel M. Stephenson (R)

Minnesota

• 1. Mark H. Dunnell (R)
• 2. John Lind (R)
• 3. Darwin S. Hall (R)
• 4. Samuel P. Snider (R)
• 5. Solomon G. Comstock (R)

Mississippi

• 1. John M. Allen (D)
• 2. James B. Morgan (D)
• 3. Thomas C. Catchings (D)
• 4. Clarke Lewis (D)
• 5. Chapman L. Anderson (D)
• 6. Thomas R. Stockdale (D)
• 7. Charles E. Hooker (D)

Missouri

• 1. William H. Hatch (D)
• 2. Charles H. Mansur (D)
• 3. Alexander M. Dockery (D)
• 4. Robert P. C. Wilson (D), from December 2, 1889
• 5. John C. Tarsney (D)
• 6. John T. Heard (D)
• 7. Richard H. Norton (D)
• 8. Frederick G. Niedringhaus (R)
• 9. Nathan Frank (R)
• 10. William M. Kinsey (R)
• 11. Richard P. Bland (D)
• 12. William J. Stone (D)
• 13. William H. Wade (R)
• 14. James P. Walker (D), until July 19, 1890
  • Robert H. Whitelaw (D), from November 4, 1890

Montana

• At-large. Thomas H. Carter (R), from November 8, 1889

Nebraska

• 1. William J. Connell (R)
• 2. James Laird (R), until August 17, 1889
  • Gilbert L. Laws (R), from December 2, 1889
• 3. George W. E. Dorsey (R)

Nevada

• At-large. Horace F. Bartine (R)

New Hampshire

• 1. Alonzo Nute (R)
• 2. Orren C. Moore (R)

New Jersey

• 1. Christopher A. Bergen (R)
• 2. James Buchanan (R)
• 3. Jacob A. Geissenhainer (D)
• 4. Samuel Fowler (D)
• 5. Charles D. Beckwith (R)
• 6. Herman Lehlbach (R)
• 7. William McAdoo (D)

New York

• 1. James W. Covert (D)
• 2. Felix Campbell (D)
• 3. William C. Wallace (R)
• 4. John M. Clancy (D)
• 5. Thomas F. Magner (D)
• 6. Frank T. Fitzgerald (D), until November 4, 1889
  • Charles H. Turner (D), from December 9, 1889
• 7. Edward J. Dunphy (D)
• 8. John H. McCarthy (D), until January 14, 1891, vacant thereafter
• 9. Samuel S. Cox (D), until September 10, 1889
  • Amos J. Cummings (D), from November 5, 1889
• 10. Francis B. Spinola (D)
• 11. John Quinn (D)
• 12. Roswell P. Flower (D)
• 13. Ashbel P. Fitch (D)
• 14. William G. Stahlnecker (D)
• 15. Moses D. Stivers (R)
• 16. John H. Ketcham (R)
• 17. Charles J. Knapp (R)
• 18. John A. Quackenbush (R)
• 19. Charles Tracey (D)
• 20. John Sanford (R)
• 21. John H. Moffitt (R)
• 22. Frederick Lansing (R)
• 23. James S. Sherman (R)
• 24. David Wilber (R), until April 1, 1890
  • John S. Pindar (D), from November 4, 1890
• 25. James J. Belden (R)
• 26. Milton De Lano (R)
• 27. Newton W. Nutting (R), until October 15, 1889
  • Sereno E. Payne (R), from December 2, 1889
• 28. Thomas S. Flood (R)
• 29. John Raines (R)
• 30. Charles S. Baker (R)
• 31. John G. Sawyer (R)
• 32. John M. Farquhar (R)
• 33. John McClure Wiley (D)
• 34. William G. Laidlaw (R)

North Carolina

• 1. Thomas G. Skinner (D)
• 2. Henry P. Cheatham (R)
• 3. Charles W. McClammy (D)
• 4. Benjamin H. Bunn (D)
• 5. John M. Brower (R)
• 6. Alfred Rowland (D)
• 7. John S. Henderson (D)
• 8. William H. H. Cowles (D)
• 9. Hamilton G. Ewart (R)

North Dakota

• At-large. Henry C. Hansbrough (R), from November 2, 1889

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Butterworth (R)
• 2. John A. Caldwell (R)
• 3. Elihu S. Williams (R)
• 4. Samuel S. Yoder (D)
• 5. George E. Seney (D)
• 6. Melvin M. Boothman (R)
• 7. Henry L. Morey (R)
• 8. Robert P. Kennedy (R)
• 9. William C. Cooper (R)
• 10. William E. Haynes (D)
• 11. Albert C. Thompson (R)
• 12. Jacob J. Pugsley (R)
• 13. Joseph H. Outhwaite (D)
• 14. Charles P. Wickham (R)
• 15. Charles H. Grosvenor (R)
• 16. James W. Owens (D)
• 17. Joseph D. Taylor (R)
• 18. William McKinley (R)
• 19. Ezra B. Taylor (R)
• 20. Martin L. Smyser (R)
• 21. Theodore E. Burton (R)

Oregon

• At-large. Binger Hermann (R)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Henry H. Bingham (R)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (R)
• 3. Samuel J. Randall (D), until April 13, 1890
  • Richard Vaux (D), from May 20, 1890
• 4. William D. Kelley (R), until January 9, 1890
  • John E. Reyburn (R), from February 18, 1890
• 5. Alfred C. Harmer (R)
• 6. Smedley Darlington (R)
• 7. Robert M. Yardley (R)
• 8. William Mutchler (D)
• 9. David B. Brunner (D)
• 10. Marriott Brosius (R)
• 11. Joseph A. Scranton (R)
• 12. Edwin S. Osborne (R)
• 13. James B. Reilly (D)
• 14. John W. Rife (R)
• 15. Myron B. Wright (R)
• 16. Henry C. McCormick (R)
• 17. Charles R. Buckalew (D)
• 18. Louis E. Atkinson (R)
• 19. Levi Maish (D)
• 20. Edward Scull (R)
• 21. Samuel A. Craig (R)
• 22. John Dalzell (R)
• 23. Thomas M. Bayne (R)
• 24. Joseph W. Ray (R)
• 25. Charles C. Townsend (R)
• 26. William C. Culbertson (R)
• 27. Lewis F. Watson (R), until August 25, 1890
  • Charles W. Stone (R), from November 4, 1890
• 28. James Kerr (D)

Rhode Island

• 1. Henry J. Spooner (R)
• 2. Warren O. Arnold (R)

South Carolina

• 1. Samuel Dibble (D)
• 2. George D. Tillman (D)
• 3. James S. Cothran (D)
• 4. William H. Perry (D)
• 5. John J. Hemphill (D)
• 6. George W. Dargan (D)
• 7. William Elliott (D), until September 23, 1890
  • Thomas E. Miller (R), from September 24, 1890

South Dakota

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

• At-large. Oscar S. Gifford (R), from November 2, 1889
• At-large. John Pickler (R), from November 2, 1889

Tennessee

• 1. Alfred A. Taylor (R)
• 2. Leonidas C. Houk (R)
• 3. Henry Clay Evans (R)
• 4. Benton McMillin (D)
• 5. James D. Richardson (D)
• 6. Joseph E. Washington (D)
• 7. Washington C. Whitthorne (D)
• 8. Benjamin A. Enloe (D)
• 9. Rice A. Pierce (D)
• 10. James Phelan, Jr. (D), until January 30, 1891, vacant thereafter

Texas

• 1. Charles Stewart (D)
• 2. William H. Martin (D)
• 3. Constantine B. Kilgore (D)
• 4. David B. Culberson (D)
• 5. Silas Hare (D)
• 6. Joseph Abbott (D)
• 7. William H. Crain (D)
• 8. Littleton W. Moore (D)
• 9. Roger Q. Mills (D)
• 10. Joseph D. Sayers (D)
• 11. Samuel W. T. Lanham (D)

Vermont

• 1. John W. Stewart (R)
• 2. William W. Grout (R)

Virginia

• 1. Thomas H. B. Browne (R)
• 2. George E. Bowden (R)
• 3. George D. Wise (D), until April 10, 1890
  • Edmund Waddill, Jr. (R), from April 12, 1890
• 4. Edward C. Venable (D), until September 23, 1890
  • John M. Langston (R), from September 23, 1890
• 5. Posey G. Lester (D)
• 6. Paul C. Edmunds (D)
• 7. Charles T. O'Ferrall (D)
• 8. William H. F. Lee (D)
• 9. John A. Buchanan (D)
• 10. Henry St. George Tucker III (D)

Washington

• At-large. John L. Wilson (R), from November 20, 1889

West Virginia

• 1. John O. Pendleton (D), until February 26, 1890
  • George W. Atkinson (R), from February 26, 1890
• 2. William L. Wilson (D)
• 3. John D. Alderson (D)
• 4. James M. Jackson (D), until February 3, 1890
  • Charles B. Smith (R), from February 3, 1890

Wisconsin

• 1. Lucien B. Caswell (R)
• 2. Charles Barwig (D)
• 3. Robert M. La Follette, Sr. (R)
• 4. Isaac W. Van Schaick (R)
• 5. George H. Brickner (D)
• 6. Charles B. Clark (R)
• 7. Ormsby B. Thomas (R)
• 8. Nils P. Haugen (R)
• 9. Myron H. McCord (R)

Wyoming

• At-large. Clarence D. Clark (R), from December 1, 1890

Non-voting members

• Arizona Territory. Marcus A. Smith (D)
• Dakota Territory. George A. Mathews (R), until November 2, 1889
• Idaho Territory. Fred Dubois (R), until July 3, 1890
• Montana Territory. Thomas H. Carter (R), until November 7, 1889
• New Mexico Territory. Antonio Joseph (D)
• Oklahoma Territory. David A. Harvey (R), from November 4, 1890
• Utah Territory. John T. Caine (D)
• Washington Territory. John B. Allen (R), until November 11, 1889
• Wyoming Territory. Joseph M. Carey (R), until July 10, 1890

Speaker of the House Thomas B. Reed

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

• Replacements: 3
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
  • Liberal Republican: 1-seat net loss
• Deaths: 3
• Resignations: 2
• Interim appointments: 1
• Seats of newly admitted states: 12
• Total seats with changes: 17

House of Representatives

• Replacements: 16
  • Democratic: 2-seat net gain
  • Republican: 2-seat net loss
• Deaths: 11
• Resignations: 6
• Contested election:8
• Seats of newly admitted states: 7
• Total seats with changes: 33

Employees

• Architect of the Capitol: Edward Clark

Senate

• Chaplain: John G. Butler (Lutheran)
• Secretary: Anson G. McCook
• Sergeant at Arms: William P. Canady, until June 30, 1890
  • Edward K. Valentine, from June 30, 1890

House of Representatives

• Chaplain: William H. Milburn (Methodist)
• Clerk: Edward McPherson
• Doorkeeper: Charles E. Adams
• Postmaster: James L. Wheat, resigned October 1, 1890
  • James W. Hathaway
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Nathaniel T. Crutchfield
  • Edward F. Goodwin
• Sergeant at Arms: Adoniram J. Holmes

See also

• Elections to this Congress:
  • United States Senate elections, 1888
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1888
• Elections during this Congress:
  • United States Senate elections, 1889
  • United States Senate elections, 1890
  • United States Senate elections, 1891
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1889
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1890
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1891

External links

• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
• U.S. House of Representatives: House History
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists