Ack du min moder

The start of Fredman's Epistle No. 23, "Ack du min moder" (Alas, thou my mother). To a graceful minuet tune, Fredman, lying drunk in the gutter outside the Crawl-in Tavern, "a summer night in the year 1768", blames his mother for his conception; but a morning visit to the tavern revives his spirits.

Ack du min moder (Alas, thou my mother), originally written Ach! du min Moder, is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's best-known and best-loved songs, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 23. It begins as a lament, as Jean Fredman lies drunk in a Stockholm gutter outside the Crawl-in tavern, cursing his parents for conceiving him. Then he goes in, is revived by a stiff drink, and thanks his mother and father for his life.

The epistle's "soliloquy" was described by Oscar Levertin as "the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature".

The epistle is subtitled "Som är et Soliloquium då Fredman låg vid krogen Kryp-In, gent emot Bancohuset, en sommarnatt år 1768." (A soliloquy in which Fredman lay outside the Crawl-in Tavern, right by the Bank, one summer night in the year 1768)

Context

File:Fredman - Pehr Hilleström.jpg

Lithograph of Jean Fredman by Pehr Hilleström, 1865

Carl Michael Bellman is the central figure in Swedish song, known for his 1790 Fredman's Epistles and his 1791 Fredman's Songs. He played the cittern, accompanying himself as he performed his songs at the royal court.

Jean Fredman is a fictional character and the supposed narrator in Bellman's epistles and songs, based on a real watchmaker of Bellman's Stockholm. The epistles paint a picture of the demimonde life of the city during the eighteenth century, where strong drink and beautiful "nymphs" like Ulla Winblad create a rococo picture of life, blending classical allusion and pastoral description with harsh reality.

Song

The Crawl-in Tavern (Krogen Kryp-In) of Epistle 23. Järntorget 85 in Stockholm's Gamla stan, the old town

"Ack du min moder" is a song with six verses of twelve lines each, the last line being repeated as a refrain after a phrase on the flute. It is sung to a graceful melody in 3/4 time, marked Menuetto (Minuet). In modern notation it is in E major. The rhyming pattern is ABAB-CCD-EED-FF. The melody's origin is unknown.

It begins as a lament, as Jean Fredman lies drunk in a Stockholm gutter outside the Crawl-in Tavern, cursing his parents for conceiving him. He goes into enough despairing detail to include a curse on the carpenter who made the "four-poster bed" (paulun), unless it was "perhaps upon a table" that he was brought into being:

Du bordt haft lås och bom / För din Jungfrudom. / flauto... / För din Jungfrudom.

You should've had lock and bar / for your virginity. / flute... / for your virginity.

He imagines telling his mother that she should have locked and barred her door against his father. Then the sun starts to warm him, and at last the tavern door opens, and he can go inside:

Men krogdörn öpnas, Luckorna skrufvas; Ingen i staden klädd.

But the pub door is opening, the shutters are undone; no-one in the town is (yet) dressed.

He staggers down the steps to the bar.

Hvar är nu kappan? / Här ser jag trappan / Ned til Bacchi rum.

Where's my cloak? / Ah, here's the staircase / Down to Bacchus's room.

His creaking joints are "lubricated" with a stiff drink, and he comes round to thanking his mother and father for his life.

Nu ska de styfva leder blifva smorda, / Smorda all ihop.

Now my stiff limbs are lubricated, / all lubricated at once.

The song thus traverses the emotions from an alcoholic's suicidal despair to delight in life. The formal structure of the verses reflects these moods. For example, verse 2 has four lines beginning "Tvi ..." ("A curse upon"); verse 6 has three lines beginning "Tack..." ("Thanks"), picking up the last line of verse 5.

Reception

The virtuoso soliloquy was described by the poet and literary historian Oscar Levertin as "the to-be-or-not-to-be of Swedish literature".

"Ack du min moder" is described by the Bellman Society as one of the most admired epistles, travelling as it does from the emotional depths of the gutter to the skies in the most drunken state of bliss. When the epistle is performed, it is to the public's "delight" as a "masterpiece".

Anders Ringblom, writing in the cultural newspaper Tidskrift, calls the epistle an unvarnished picture of the old watchmaker as the rising sun warms him up, the tavern opens, and life once again becomes worth living.

City walks in Stockholm's Gamla stan take tourists to visit the Krogen Kryp-in on Järntorget, the Crawl-in Tavern, alluded to in "one of the best known of Fredmans Epistles, No. 23."

It appears on the 1969 studio album Fred sjunger Bellman by Fred Åkerström, re-released on CD in 1990. It also featured on Mikael Samuelsson's Sjunger Fredmans Epistlar and on "19 Vackra & Omtyckta Svenska Visor Vol.2" in 2016.

Students of Swedish literature are expected to study Fredman's Songs and Epistles, "especially Fredman's epistle nos. 23, 33, and 81."

Sources

• Britten Austin, Paul. The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman: Genius of the Swedish Rococo. Allhem, Malmö American-Scandinavian Foundation, New York, 1967. ISBN 978-3-932759-00-0
• Britten Austin, Paul. Fredman's Epistles and Songs. Stockholm: Proprius, 1990 and 1999.
• (contains the most popular Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
• (contains the remaining Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
• (with facsimiles of sheet music from first editions in 1790, 1791)

External links

• Text of Epistle 23