Antietam Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Antietam of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the army organization during the Maryland Campaign, the casualty returns and the reports.

Abbreviations used

Military rank

• MG = Major General
• BG = Brigadier General
• Col = Colonel
• Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
• Maj = Major
• Cpt = Captain
• Lt = Lieutenant

Other

• w = wounded
• mw = mortally wounded
• k = killed in action
• c = captured

Army of the Potomac

MG George McClellan

General Staff and Headquarters

General Staff

• Chief of Staff: BG Randolph B. Marcy
• Assistant Adjutant General: BG Seth Williams
• Inspector General: BG Delos B. Sackett
• Chief of Artillery: BG Henry J. Hunt
• Chief Quartermaster: Ltc Rufus Ingalls

General Headquarters

Escort: Cpt James B. McIntyre

• Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cavalry: Cpt Daniel P. Mann
• 4th United States Cavalry, Company A: Lt Thomas H. McCormick
• 4th United States Cavalry, Company E: Cpt James B. McIntyre

Regular Engineer Battalion: Cpt James C. Duane

Provost Guard: Maj William H. Wood

• 2nd United States Cavalry, Companies E, F, H, and K: Cpt George A. Gordon
• 8th United States, Companies A, D, F, and G: Cpt Royal T. Frank
• 19th United States, Company G: Cpt Edmund L. Smith
• 19th United States, Company H: Cpt Henry S. Welton

Headquarters Guard: Maj Granville O. Haller

• 93rd New York: Ltc Benjamin C. Butler

Quartermaster's Guard:

• 1st United States Cavalry, Companies B, C, H, and I: Cpt Marcus A. Reno

I Corps

MG Joseph Hooker (w)
BG George G. Meade

Escort:

• 2nd New York Cavalry, Companies A, B, I and K: Cpt John E. Naylor

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      BG Abner Doubleday	1st Brigade    Col Walter Phelps, Jr.	22nd New York: Ltc John McKie, Jr. 24th New York: Cpt John D. O'Brian (w) 30th New York: Col William M. Searing 84th New York (14th Militia): Maj William H. de Bevoise 2nd United States Sharpshooters: Col Henry A. V. Post (w)
	2nd Brigade    Ltc J. William Hofmann	7th Indiana: Maj Ira G. Grover 76th New York: Cpt John W. Young 95th New York: Maj Edward Pye 56th Pennsylvania: Cpt Frederick Williams
	3rd Brigade    BG Marsena R. Patrick	21st New York: Col William F. Rogers 23rd New York: Col Henry C. Hoffman 35th New York: Col Newton B. Lord 80th New York (20th Militia): Ltc Theodore B. Gates
	4th Brigade    BG John Gibbon	19th Indiana: Ltc Alois O. Bachman (k), Cpt William W. Dudley 2nd Wisconsin: Ltc Thomas S. Allen (w), Cpt George B. Ely 6th Wisconsin: Ltc Edward S. Bragg (w), Maj Rufus R. Dawes 7th Wisconsin: Cpt John B. Callis
	Artillery    Cpt J. Albert Monroe	New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery: Lt Frederick M. Edgell 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery D: Cpt J. Albert Monroe 1st New York Light, Battery L: Cpt John A. Reynolds 4th United States, Battery B: Cpt Joseph B. Campbell (w), Lt James Stewart
Second Division      BG James B. Ricketts (w)	1st Brigade    BG Abram Duryée	97th New York: Maj Charles Northrup 104th New York: Maj Lewis C. Skinner 105th New York: Col Howard Carroll (mw) 107th Pennsylvania: Cpt James MacThomson
	2nd Brigade    Col William A. Christian	26th New York: Ltc Richard H. Richardson 94th New York: Ltc Calvin Littlefield 88th Pennsylvania: Ltc George W. Gile (w), Cpt Henry B. Myers 90th Pennsylvania: Col Peter Lyle (w), Ltc William A. Leech
	3rd Brigade    BG George L. Hartsuff (w)    Col Richard Coulter	12th Massachusetts: Maj Elisha Burbank (mw), Cpt Benjamin F. Cook 13th Massachusetts: Maj J. Parker Gould 83rd New York (9th Militia): Ltc William Atterbury 11th Pennsylvania: Col Richard Coulter, Cpt David M. Cook
	Artillery	1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F: Cpt Ezra W. Matthews Pennsylvania Light, Battery C: Cpt James Thompson
Third Division      BG George G. Meade      BG Truman Seymour	1st Brigade    BG Truman Seymour    Col R. Biddle Roberts	1st Pennsylvania Reserves: Col R. Biddle Roberts, Cpt William C. Talley 2nd Pennsylvania Reserves: Cpt James N. Byrnes 5th Pennsylvania Reserves: Col Joseph W. Fisher 6th Pennsylvania Reserves: Col William Sinclair 13th Pennsylvania Reserves (1st Rifles): Cpt Dennis McGee
	2nd Brigade    Col Albert L. Magilton	3rd Pennsylvania Reserves: Ltc John Clark 4th Pennsylvania Reserves: Maj John Nyce 7th Pennsylvania Reserves: Maj Chauncey A. Lyman 8th Pennsylvania Reserves: Maj Silas M. Bailey
	3rd Brigade    Ltc Robert Anderson	9th Pennsylvania Reserves: Cpt Samuel B. Dick 10th Pennsylvania Reserves: Ltc Adoniram J. Warner (w), Cpt Jonathan P. Smith 11th Pennsylvania Reserves: Ltc Samuel M. Jackson 12th Pennsylvania Reserves: Cpt Richard Gustin
	Artillery	1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery A: Lt John G. Simpson 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B: Cpt James H. Cooper 5th United States, Battery C: Cpt Dunbar R. Ransom

II Corps

MG Edwin V. Sumner

Escort:

• 6th New York Cavalry, Company D: Cpt Henry W. Lyon
• 6th New York Cavalry, Company K: Cpt Riley Johnson

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      MG Israel B. Richardson (mw)      BG John C. Caldwell      BG Winfield S. Hancock	1st Brigade    BG John C. Caldwell	5th New Hampshire: Col Edward E. Cross (w) 7th New York: Cpt Charles Brestel 61st and 64th New York: Col Francis C. Barlow (w), Ltc Nelson A. Miles 81st Pennsylvania: Maj H. Boyd McKeen
	2nd Brigade    BG Thomas F. Meagher (w)    Col John Burke	29th Massachusetts: Ltc Joseph H. Barnes 63rd New York: Col John Burke, Ltc Henry Fowler (w), Maj Richard C. Bentley (w), Cpt Joseph O'Neill 69th New York: Ltc James Kelly (w), Maj James Cavanagh 88th New York: Ltc Patrick Kelly
	3rd Brigade    Col John R. Brooke	2nd Delaware: Cpt David L. Stricker 52nd New York: Col Paul Frank 57th New York: Ltc Philip S. Parisen (k), Maj Alford B. Chapman 66th New York: Cpt Julius Wehle 53rd Pennsylvania: Ltc Richards McMichael
	Artillery	1st New York Light, Battery B: Cpt Rufus D. Pettit 4th United States, Battery A and C: Lt Evan Thomas
Second Division      MG John Sedgwick (w)      BG Oliver O. Howard	1st Brigade    BG Willis A. Gorman	15th Massachusetts: Ltc John W. Kimball 1st Minnesota: Col Alfred Sully 34th New York: Col James A. Suitor 82nd New York (2nd Militia): Col Henry W. Hudson Massachusetts Sharpshooters, 1st Company: Cpt John Saunders (k) Minnesota Sharpshooters, 2nd Company: Cpt William F. Russell
	2nd Brigade    BG Oliver O. Howard    Col Joshua T. Owen    Col DeWitt C. Baxter	69th Pennsylvania: Col Joshua T. Owen 71st Pennsylvania: Col Isaac J. Wistar (w) 72nd Pennsylvania: Col DeWitt C. Baxter 106th Pennsylvania: Col Turner G. Morehead
	3rd Brigade    BG Napoleon J. T. Dana (w)    Col Norman J. Hall	19th Massachusetts: Col Edward W. Hinks (w), Ltc Arthur F. Devereux (w), Cpt H. G. Weymouth 20th Massachusetts: Col William R. Lee 7th Michigan: Col Norman J. Hall, Cpt Charles J. Hunt 42nd New York: Ltc George N. Bomford (w), Maj James E. Mallon 59th New York: Col William L. Tidball
	Artillery	1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A: Cpt John A. Tompkins 1st United States, Battery I: Lt George A. Woodruff
Third Division      BG William H. French	1st Brigade    BG Nathan Kimball	14th Indiana: Col William Harrow 8th Ohio: Ltc Franklin Sawyer 132nd Pennsylvania: Col Richard A. Oakford (k), Ltc Vincent M. Wilcox 7th West Virginia: Col Joseph Snider
	2nd Brigade    Col Dwight Morris	14th Connecticut: Ltc Sanford H. Perkins 108th New York: Col Oliver H. Palmer 130th Pennsylvania: Col Henry I. Zinn
	3rd Brigade    BG Max Weber (w)    Col John W. Andrews	1st Delaware: Col John W. Andrews, Ltc Oliver Hopkinson (w) 5th Maryland: Maj Leopold Blumenberg (w), Cpt Ernest F. M. Faehtz 4th New York: Ltc John D. MacGregor
	Unattached Artillery	1st New York Light, Battery G: Cpt John D. Frank 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B: Cpt John G. Hazard 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G: Cpt Charles D. Owen

IV Corps

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      MG Darius N. Couch	1st Brigade    BG Charles Devens	7th Massachusetts: Col David A. Russell 10th Massachusetts: Col Henry L. Eustis 36th New York: Col William H. Browne 2nd Rhode Island: Col Frank Wheaton
	2nd Brigade    BG Albion P. Howe	62nd New York: Col David J. Nevin 93rd Pennsylvania: Col James M. McCarter 98th Pennsylvania: Col John F. Ballier 102nd Pennsylvania: Col Thomas A. Rowley 139th Pennsylvania: Col Frank H. Collier
	3rd Brigade    BG John Cochrane	65th New York: Col Alexander Shaler 67th New York: Col Julius W. Adams 122nd New York: Col Silas Titus 23rd Pennsylvania: Col Thomas H. Neill 31st Pennsylvania: Col George C. Spear 61st Pennsylvania: Col David H. Williams
	Artillery	New York Light, 3rd Battery: Cpt William Stuart 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery C: Cpt Jeremiha McCarthy 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery D: Cpt Michael Hall 2nd United States, Battery G: Lt John H. Butler

V Corps

MG Fitz John Porter

Escort:

• 1st Maine Cavalry (detachment): Cpt George J. Summat

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      MG George W. Morell	1st Brigade    Col James Barnes	2nd Maine: Col Charles W. Roberts 18th Massachusetts: Ltc Joseph Hayes 22nd Massachusetts: Ltc William S. Tilton 1st Michigan: Cpt Emory W. Belton 13th New York: Col Elisha Marshall 25th New York: Col Charles A. Johnson 118th Pennsylvania: Col Charles M. Prevost Massachusetts Sharpshooters, 2nd Company: Cpt Lewis E. Wentworth
	2nd Brigade    BG Charles Griffin	2nd District of Columbia: Col Charles M. Alexander 9th Massachusetts: Col Patrick R. Guiney 32nd Massachusetts: Col Francis J. Parker 4th Michigan: Col Jonathan W. Childs 14th New York: Col James McQuade 62nd Pennsylvania: Col Jacob B. Sweitzer
	3rd Brigade    Col Thomas B. W. Stockton	20th Maine: Col Adelbert Ames 16th Michigan: Ltc Norval E. Welch 12th New York: Cpt William Huson 17th New York: Ltc Nelson B. Bartram 44th New York: Maj Freeman Conner 83rd Pennsylvania: Cpt Orpheus S. Woodward Michigan Sharpshooters, Brady's Company: Lt Jonas H. Titus Jr.
	Artillery	Massachusetts Light, Battery C: Cpt Augustus P. Martin 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C: Cpt Richard Waterman 5th United States, Battery D: Lt Charles E. Hazlett
	Sharpshooters	1st United States: Cpt John B. Isler
Second Division      BG George Sykes	1st Brigade    Ltc Robert C. Buchanan	3rd United States: Cpt John D. Wilkins 4th United States: Cpt Hiram Dryer 12th United States, 1st Battalion: Cpt Matthew M. Blunt 12th United States, 2nd Battalion: Cpt Thomas M. Anderson 14th United States, 1st Battalion: Cpt W. Harvey Brown 14th United States, 2nd Battalion: Cpt David B. McKibbin
	2nd Brigade    Maj Charles S. Lovell	1st and 6th United States: Cpt Levi C. Bootes 2nd and 10th United States: Cpt John S. Poland 11th United States: Maj DeLancey Floyd-Jones 17th United States: Maj George L. Andrews
	3rd Brigade    Col Gouverneur K. Warren	5th New York: Cpt Cleveland Winslow 10th New York: Ltc John W. Marshall
	Artillery	1st United States, Batteries E and G: Lt Alanson M. Randol 5th United States, Battery I: Cpt Stephen H. Weed 5th United States, Battery K: Lt William E. Van Reed
Third Division      BG Andrew A. Humphreys	1st Brigade    BG Erastus B. Tyler	91st Pennsylvania: Col Edgar M. Gregory 126th Pennsylvania: Col James G. Elder 129th Pennsylvania: Col Jacob G. Frick 134th Pennsylvania: Col Matthew S. Quay
	2nd Brigade    Col Peter H. Allabach	123rd Pennsylvania: Col John B. Clark 131st Pennsylvania: Ltc William B. Shaut 133rd Pennsylvania: Col Franklin B. Speakman 155th Pennsylvania: Col Edward J. Allen
	Artillery	1st New York Light, Battery C: Cpt Almont Barnes 1st Ohio Light, Battery L: Cpt Lucius N. Robinson
	Artillery Reserve    Ltc William Hays	1st Battalion New York Light, Battery A: Lt Bernhard Wever 1st Battalion New York Light, Battery B: Lt Alfred von Kleiser 1st Battalion New York Light, Battery C: Cpt Robert Langner 1st Battalion New York Light, Battery D: Cpt Charles Kusserow New York Light, 5th Battery: Cpt Elijah D. Taft 1st United States, Battery K: Cpt William M. Graham 4th United States, Battery G: Lt Marcus P. Miller

VI Corps

MG William B. Franklin

Escort:

• 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Companies B and G: Cpt Henry P. Muirheid

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      MG Henry W. Slocum	1st Brigade    Col Alfred T. A. Torbert	1st New Jersey: Ltc Mark W. Collet 2nd New Jersey: Col Samuel L. Buck 3rd New Jersey: Col Henry W. Brown 4th New Jersey: Col William B. Hatch
	2nd Brigade    Col Joseph J. Bartlett	5th Maine: Col Nathaniel J. Jackson 16th New York: Ltc Joel J. Beaver 27th New York: Ltc Alexander D. Adams 96th Pennsylvania: Col Henry L. Cake
	3rd Brigade    BG John Newton	18th New York: Ltc George R. Myers 31st New York: Ltc Francis H. Pinto 32nd New York 95th Pennsylvania: Col Gustavus W. Town
	Artillery    Cpt Emory Upton	Maryland Light, Battery A: Cpt John W. Wolcott Massachusetts Light, Battery A: Cpt Josiah Porter New Jersey Light, Battery A: Cpt William Hexamer 2nd United States, Battery D: Lt Edward B. Williston
Second Division      MG William F. Smith	1st Brigade    BG Winfield S. Hancock    Col Amasa Cobb	6th Maine: Col Hiram Burnham 43rd New York: Maj John Wilson 49th Pennsylvania: Ltc William Brisbane 137th Pennsylvania: Col Henry M. Bossert 5th Wisconsin: Col Amasa Cobb
	2nd Brigade    BG William T. H. Brooks	2nd Vermont: Maj James H. Walbridge 3rd Vermont: Col Breed N. Hyde 4th Vermont: Ltc Charles B. Stoughton 5th Vermont: Col Lewis A. Grant 6th Vermont: Maj Oscar L. Tuttle
	3rd Brigade    Col William H. Irwin	7th Maine: Maj Thomas W. Hyde 20th New York: Col Ernest von Vegesack 33rd New York: Ltc Joseph W. Corning 49th New York: Ltc William C. Alberger (w), Maj George W. Johnson 77th New York: Cpt Nathan S. Babcock
	Artillery    Cpt Romeyn B. Ayres	Maryland Light, Battery B: Lt Theodore J. Vanneman New York Light, 1st Battery: Cpt Andrew Cowan 5th United States, Battery F: Lt Leonard Martin

IX Corps

MG Ambrose Burnside
BG Jacob D. Cox

Escort:

• 1st Maine Cavalry Company G: Cpt Zebulon B. Blethen

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      BG Orlando B. Willcox	1st Brigade    Col Benjamin C. Christ	28th Massachusetts: Cpt Andrew P. Caraher 17th Michigan: Col William H. Withington 79th New York: Ltc David Morrison 50th Pennsylvania: Maj Edward Overton (w), Cpt William H. Diehl
	2nd Brigade    Col Thomas Welsh	8th Michigan: Ltc Frank Graves, Maj Ralph Ely 46th New York: Ltc Joseph Gerhardt 45th Pennsylvania: Ltc John I. Curtin 100th Pennsylvania: Ltc David A. Leckey
	Artillery	Massachusetts Light, 8th Battery: Cpt Asa M. Cook 2nd United States, Battery E: Lt Samuel N. Benjamin
Second Division      BG Samuel D. Sturgis	1st Brigade    BG James Nagle	2nd Maryland: Ltc J. Eugene Duryea 6th New Hampshire: Col Simon G. Griffin 9th New Hampshire: Col Enoch Q. Fellows 48th Pennsylvania: Ltc Joshua K. Sigfried
	2nd Brigade    BG Edward Ferrero	21st Massachusetts: Col William S. Clark 35th Massachusetts: Ltc Sumner Carruth (w) 51st New York: Col Robert B. Potter 51st Pennsylvania: Col John F. Hartranft
	Artillery	Pennsylvania Light, Battery D: Cpt George W. Durell 4th United States, Battery E: Cpt Joseph C. Clark, Jr. (w)
Third Division      BG Isaac P. Rodman (mw)      Col Edward Harland      MG John G. Parke	1st Brigade    Col Harrison S. Fairchild	9th New York: Ltc Edgar A. Kimball 89th New York: Maj Edward Jardine 103rd New York: Maj Benjamin Ringold
	2nd Brigade    Col Edward Harland	8th Connecticut: Ltc Hiram Appelman (w), Maj John H. Ward 11th Connecticut: Col Henry W. Kingsbury (mw) 16th Connecticut: Col Francis Beach 4th Rhode Island: Col William H. P. Steere (w), Ltc Joseph B. Curtis
	Artillery	5th United States, Battery A: Lt Charles P. Muhlenberg
Kanawha Division      Col Eliakim P. Scammon	1st Brigade    Col Hugh B. Ewing	12th Ohio: Col Carr B. White 23rd Ohio: Maj James M. Comly 30th Ohio: Ltc Theodore Jones (w&c), Maj George H. Hildt Ohio Light Artillery, 1st Battery: Cpt James Ross McMullin Gilmore's company West Virginia Cavalry: Lt James Abraham Harrison's company West Virginia Cavalry: Lt Dennis Delaney
	2nd Brigade    Col George Crook	11th Ohio: Ltc Augustus H. Coleman (k), Maj Lyman J. Jackson 28th Ohio: Ltc Gottfried Becker 36th Ohio: Ltc Melvin Clarke (k), Maj Ebenezer B. Andrews Schambeck's company Chicago Dragoons: Cpt Frederick Schambeck Kentucky Light Artillery, Simmonds' Battery: Cpt Seth J. Simmonds
	Unattached troops	6th New York Cavalry (8 companies): Col Thomas C. Devin Ohio Cavalry, 3rd Independent Company: Lt Jonas Seamen 3rd United States, Batteries L and M: Cpt John Edwards, Jr.

XII Corps

MG Joseph K. Mansfield (mw)
BG Alpheus S. Williams

Escort:

• 1st Michigan Cavalry, Company L: Cpt Melvin Brewer

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division      BG Alpheus S. Williams      BG Samuel W. Crawford (w)      BG George H. Gordon	1st Brigade    BG Samuel W. Crawford    Col Joseph F. Knipe	10th Maine: Col George L. Beal (w) 28th New York: Cpt William H. H. Mapes 46th Pennsylvania: Col Joseph F. Knipe, Ltc James L. Selfridge 124th Pennsylvania: Col Joseph W. Hawley (w), Maj Isaac L. Haldeman 125th Pennsylvania: Col Jacob Higgins 128th Pennsylvania: Col Samuel Croasdale (k), Ltc William W. Hammersly (w), Maj Joel B. Wanner
	3rd Brigade    BG George H. Gordon    Col Thomas H. Ruger (w)	27th Indiana: Col Silas Colgrove 2nd Massachusetts: Col George L. Andrews 13th New Jersey: Col Ezra A. Carman 107th New York: Col Robert B. Van Valkenburg Pennsylvania Zouaves d'Afrique 3rd Wisconsin: Col Thomas H. Ruger
Second Division      BG George S. Greene	1st Brigade    Ltc Hector Tyndale (w)    Maj Orrin J. Crane	5th Ohio: Maj John Collins 7th Ohio: Maj Orrin J. Crane, Cpt Frederick A. Seymour 66th Ohio: Ltc Eugene Powell (w) 28th Pennsylvania: Maj Ario Pardee, Jr.
	2nd Brigade    Col Henry J. Stainrook	3rd Maryland: Ltc Joseph H. Sudsburg 102nd New York: Ltc James C. Lane 111th Pennsylvania: Maj. Thomas M. Walker
	3rd Brigade    Col William B. Goodrich (k)    Ltc Jonathan Austin	3rd Delaware: Maj Arthur Maginnis (w), Cpt William J. McKaig Purnell (Maryland) Legion: Ltc Benjamin L. Simpson 60th New York: Ltc Charles R. Brundage 78th New York: Ltc Jonathan Austin, Cpt Henry R. Stagg
	Artillery    Cpt Clermont L. Best	Maine Light, 4th Battery: Cpt O'Neill W. Robinson, Jr. Maine Light, 6th Battery: Cpt Freeman McGilvery 1st New York Light, Battery M: Cpt George W. Cothran New York Light, 10th Battery: Cpt John T. Bruen Pennsylvania Light, Battery E: Cpt Joseph M. Knap Pennsylvania Light, Battery F: Cpt Robert B. Hampton 4th United States, Battery F: Lt Edward D. Muhlenberg

Cavalry

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
Cavalry Division      BG Alfred Pleasonton	1st Brigade    Maj Charles J. Whiting	5th United States: Cpt Joseph H. McArthur 6th United States: Cpt William P. Sanders
	2nd Brigade    Col John F. Farnsworth	8th Illinois: Maj. William H. Medill 3rd Indiana: Maj George H. Chapman 1st Massachusetts: Cpt Caspar Crowninshield 8th Pennsylvania: Cpt Peter Keenan
	3rd Brigade    Col Richard H. Rush	4th Pennsylvania: Col James H. Childs (k), Ltc James K. Kerr 6th Pennsylvania: Ltc C. Ross Smith
	4th Brigade    Col Andrew T. McReynolds	1st New York: Maj Alonzo W. Adams 12th Pennsylvania: Maj James A. Congdon
	5th Brigade    Col Benjamin F. Davis	8th New York: Col Benjamin F. Davis 3rd Pennsylvania: Ltc Samuel W. Owen
	Horse Artillery	2nd United States, Battery A: Cpt John C. Tidball 2nd United States, Batteries B and L: Cpt James M. Robertson 2nd United States, Battery M: Lt Peter C. Hains 3rd United States, Batteries C and G: Cpt Horatio G. Gibson
	Unattached	15th Pennsylvania (detachment): Col William J. Palmer

References

• Antietam National Battlefield
• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.