Arditti Quartet

The Arditti Quartet is a string quartet founded in 1974 and led by the British violinist Irvine Arditti. The quartet is globally recognized promoter of contemporary classical music and has a reputation for having a very wide repertoire. They first became known taking into their repertoire technically challenging pieces. Over the years, there have been personnel changes but Irvine Arditti is still at the helm, leading the group. The repertoire of the group is mostly music from the last 50 years with a strong emphasis on living composers. Their aim from the beginning has been to collaborate with composers during the rehearsal process. However, unlike some other groups, it is loyal to music of a classical vein and avoids cross-genre music. The Quartet has performed in major concert halls and cultural festivals all over the world and has the longest discography of any group of its type. In 1999, it won the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize for lifetime achievement, being the first and only group to date to receive this award.

Repertoire

The Arditti Quartet is dedicated to 20th century and contemporary works, a niche in chamber music where classical masters dominate. While they only play a handful of works from before the 20th century, they require that their repertoire maintains the tradition that has been established in Europe for several centuries. They do not work with composers from fields such as jazz, pop or crossover. They concentrate on those from the last fifty years, along with very new music, mostly repertoire specially written for the ensemble to premiere. The quartet is considered the authentic interpreters for many late 20th century composers, with a reputation for mastering the most difficult and complex compositions. They rarely improvise as their focus is on working with composers. These composers range from those active in the early 20th century to the present and include Thomas Adès,[3] Luciano Berio, John Cage[6][9], Elliott Carter, Franco Donatoni, Pascal Dusapin, Henri Dutilleux, Brian Ferneyhough, Morton Feldman, György Kurtag, Helmut Lachenmann, György Ligeti, Witold Lutoslawski, Wolfgang Rihm, Giacinto Scelsi, [10] and Iannis Xenakis. They have on occasion perform minimalist pieces such as Mishima by Philip Glass and the 1st quartet of Gavin Bryars which was written for them. Also works involving electronics are in their repertoire. York Holler’s Antiphon, Kaaija Saariaho’s Nymphea and Roger Reynolds Ariadnes Thread. [7] In their first concert they played new compositions only, but already in their second year, they decided that their repertoire needed to include works of the Second Viennese School and Bartok came soon after. Works from earlier in the 20th century as perspective followed and in the '80's they incorporated Beethoven's Grosse Fuge. They have played Ligeti’s Second Quartet and Xenakis 'Tetras' hundreds of times.

The focus on new music is to have the ability to collaborate with the composer in the interpretation of the piece, something the group considers very important, both in how to play and the fact that they consider their work as a kind of service to composers, especially younger and the lesser-known. Composers often make minor adjustments to their compositions after working with the quartet. Norwegian composer Sven Lyder Kahrs calls the group the “Rolls-Royce” of quartets, in part because he does not have to explain how to play his music to them. They just know.

In the past they have been compared to the Kronos Quartet but unlike them are not interested in crossover audiences or cross-genre pieces, but rather stick with the classical quartet form. There are very few pieces common to both groups.

History

The Quartet was founded in 1974 by Irvine Arditti with Levine Andrade, Lennox Mackenzie and John Senter while all were students at the Royal Academy of Music. They modeled themselves on the La Salle Quartet of the United States, focused at first on the LaSalle repertoire, with the aim of supporting composers, playing the pieces as they want them played. Very soon the size of their repertoire went way beyond what the LaSalle achieved or in fact any other group in the history of classical music.

Arditti was born in London in 1953, and began his studies in violin and composition at the Royal Academy at the age of sixteen. Arditti won prizes for violin and composition,but decided he was a better violinist and stopped composing. The focus of the quartet on new music is due to Arditti’s interest in it, which began with composing in his childhood and hearing music by Stockhausen, Ligeti and others of the avant garde of the 1960s. It was later that Ardittí became aware of the work of the LaSalle Quartet. In his last year at the Royal Academy of Music the Quartet was founded, and it continued during the time he was in the London Symphony Orchestra from 1976-1980, after which he left the Orchestra in order to dedicate himself full time to the quartet.

The Quartet´s first concert was in September 1974, with the works of Krzysztof Penderecki, who was at the Royal Academy to receive an honorary degree. This gave the group a chance to collaborate with the composer, something they continue to do with composers ever since. The quartet was named after Arditti because they needed a name in 24 hours, so they used his with the idea that it would be temporary, but the name stuck.

In their early years, before the end of the '70's, the ensemble performed and recorded all the quartets of Hans Werner Henze and Gyorgy Ligeti. They also began performing live on BBC. They commissioned their first piece in 1977, Jonathan Harvey’s String Quartet No. 1.

The group continued to have success touring and recording in Europe but it was not until the success of Kronos Quartet that the ensemble came to the attention of US and Canadian audiences, with a tour in the late 1980s.

Over more than four decades of its existence, the only founder member that remains is its leader Irvine Arditti.

For the 40th anniversary of the quartet in 2014, one of the celebrations in London included a three-concert in one day event, with works by fifteen different composers with whom their leader Arditti has been particularly closely associated, as well as the world premier or several new works.

Recognition

The Quartet has a world-wide reputation as a leader for its interpretation of 20th century and contemporary new music, receiving extensive critical praise. They have been noted for their “...astonishing virtuosity and their willingness to extend the boundaries of what can be expected of a string quartet...” However, they have also been criticized as being severe, dry and intellectual with a “kind of high-flown rhetoric that almost seemed designed to show that “new music” can live in a pretentiously self-absorbed world.”

Awards include the Deutsche Shallplatten Preis on various occasions, the Gramophone Award for best recording of contemporary music in 1999 and 2002, the Coup de Coeur Prize and Grand Prix from the Academie Charles Cros in 2004 and the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize for lifetime achievement in 1999. They are the first and only group to date to receive the Siemen Foundation prize.

Concerts and recordings

The Quartet is highly active throughout the year, mostly with performing and recording and premiering between twenty and fifty new works each year, taking time off only during the summer and Christmas vacations. They have performed hundreds of new works and commissions, with a discography of over 200 CDs on over twenty labels, by far the longest contemporary discography of any string quartet. A complete archive of the quartet’s work is located at the Sacher Foundation in Basel, Switzerland.

Most of their performances are in concert halls and festivals within Europe, but they are known all over the worldand have performed extensively in the US, Canada, Mexico, South America, Japan and Korea.

Festival Internacional Cervantino,

One special piece which Arditti himself commissioned involved not playing in a concert hall. This was Stockhausen’s Helicopter quartet, which required each member to perform his part in his own helicopter, and be relayed to the ground electronically where the audience was listening in a concert hall.

Other activities

Members of the group regularly conduct master classes in Europe, the United States and Canada, for performers and composers, generally in a guest capacity. From 1982 to 1996, they worked with young composers at the Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music. They also encourage younger quartets interested in new music.

In 2013, they collaborated with the composer Brian Ferneyhough on a documentary called Climbing a Mountain which is about how the group prepares for the presentation of new pieces. It was created particularly for composers and music students to help them understand the rehearsal process.

Members

• Irvine Arditti (violin) 1974-
• Ashot Sarkissjan (violin) 2005-
• Ralf Ehlers (viola) 2003-
• Lucas Fels (cello) 2006-

Previous members

Violin 2

• Lennox Mackenzie 1974-1983
• Alexander Balanescu 1983-85
• David Alberman 1985-1994
• Graeme Jennings 1994-2005

Viola

• Levine Andrade 1974-1990
• Garth Knox 1990-1997
• Dov Scheindlin 1997-2002

Cello

• John Senter 1974-1976
• Helen Liebmann 1976-77
• Rohan de Saram 1977-2005

External links

• Official Website
• Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks
• Arditti Quartet interview by Bruce Duffie, March 1, 1992
• Arditti Quartet films at the institute of Musical Research