Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)

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Assembly of the Republic
Assembleia da República
15th Assembly of the Republic
125px
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Emblem and Flag of the Assembly of the Republic
Type
Type
Leadership
Augusto Santos SilvaPS
Since 29 March 2022
Vice-Presidents
Structure
Seats 230
Current Structure of the Assembly of the Republic
Political groups
Government (120)
  •      PS (120)

Opposition (110)

Elections
Closed list proportional representation
D'Hondt method
Last election
30 January 2022
Next election
11 October 2026 or earlier
Meeting place
São Bento Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Website
parlamento.pt

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: Assembleia da República, pronounced: [ɐsẽˈblɐjɐ ðɐ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ]), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: Parlamento), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament "is the representative assembly of all Portuguese citizens". The constitution names the assembly as one of the country's organs of supreme authority.

It is located in a historical building in Lisbon, referred to as Palácio de São Bento (Palace of Saint Benedict), the site of an old Benedictine monastery. The Palácio de São Bento has been the seat of the Portuguese parliaments since 1834 (Cortes until 1910, Congress from 1911 to 1926 and National Assembly from 1933 to 1974).

Powers and duties of the Assembly

The Assembly of the Republic's powers derive from its ability to dismiss a government through a vote of no confidence, to change the country's laws, and to amend the constitution (which requires a majority of two-thirds). In addition to these key powers, the constitution grants to the Assembly extensive legislative powers and substantial control over the budget, the right to authorize the government to raise taxes and grant loans, the power to ratify treaties and other kinds of international agreements, and the duty to approve or reject decisions by the President of the Republic to declare war and make peace. The assembly also appoints many members of important state institutions, such as ten of the thirteen members of the Constitutional Court and seven of the sixteen members of the Council of State.

The constitution requires the assembly to quickly review and approve an incoming government's program. Parliamentary rules allow the assembly to call for committees of inquiry to examine the government's actions. Political opposition represented in the assembly has the power to review the cabinet's actions, even though it is unlikely that the actions can be reversed. Party groups can also call for interpellations that require debates about specific government policies.

Structure

The assembly originally consisted of 250 MPs, but the constitutional reforms of 1989 reduced its number to between 180 and 230. Members are elected by popular vote for legislative terms of four years from the country's twenty-two constituencies. There are eighteen in mainland Portugal corresponding to each district, one each for the autonomous regions of Azores (Portuguese: Açores) and Madeira, and two for Portuguese people living abroad (one covering Europe and one covering the rest of the world).[lower-alpha 1] Except for the constituencies for Portuguese living abroad, which are fixed at two representatives each, the number of MPs is determined by the number of voters registered in a constituency, using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation. Constituencies vary greatly in size; from as large as the district of Lisbon, which returns 48 representatives, to as small as the district of Portalegre, which elects just two.

For the 2022 legislative elections, the MPs distributed by districts were as follows:[3]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48 240px
Porto 40
Braga 19
Setúbal 18
Aveiro 16
Leiria 10
Coimbra, Faro and Santarém 9 each
Viseu 8
Madeira and Viana do Castelo 6 each
Azores and Vila Real 5 each
Castelo Branco 4
Beja, Bragança, Évora and Guarda 3 each
Portalegre, Europe and Outside Europe[lower-alpha 1] 2 each

According to the constitution, members of the assembly represent the entire country, not the constituency from which they are elected. This directive has been reinforced in practice by the strong role of political parties in regard to members of the assembly. Party leadership, for example, determines in which areas candidates are to run for office, thus often weakening members' ties to their constituencies. Moreover, members of the assembly are expected to vote with their party and to work within parliamentary groups based on party membership. Party discipline is strong, and insubordinate members can be coerced through a variety of means. A further obstacle to members' independence is that their bills first have to be submitted to the parliamentary groups, and it is these groups' leaders who set the assembly's agenda.

The President of the Assembly of the Republic is the second hierarchical figure in the Portuguese state, after the President of the Portuguese Republic, and is elected by secret vote of the members of parliament. The President of the Assembly is aided by four vice presidents, nominated by the other parties represented in the parliament, and is usually the speaker.[original research?] When they are not present, one of the vice presidents takes the role of speaker. When the President of the Republic is, for any reason, unable to perform the job, the President of the Assembly of the Republic becomes the substitute.

Current composition

Plenary chamber.
Party Parliamentary group leader Seats  %
style="width: 5px; background-color: #FF66FF;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Portugal)" | Socialist Party Eurico Brilhante Dias 120 52.2
style="width: 5px; background-color: #FF9900;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)" | Social Democratic Party Joaquim Miranda Sarmento 77 33.5
CHEGA Pedro Pinto 12 5.2
Liberal Initiative Rodrigo Saraiva 8 3.5
style="width: 5px; background-color: #DA251E;" data-sort-value="Portuguese Communist Party" | Portuguese Communist Party Paula Santos 6 2.6
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Left Bloc (Portugal)/meta/color;" data-sort-value="Left Bloc (Portugal)" | Left Bloc Pedro Filipe Soares 5 2.2
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:People-Animals-Nature/meta/color;" data-sort-value="People-Animals-Nature" | People-Animals-Nature Inês Sousa Real 1 0.4
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:LIVRE/meta/color;" data-sort-value="LIVRE" | LIVRE Rui Tavares 1 0.4
 Total 230 100.0

Latest election result

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National summary

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Summary of the 30 January 2022 Assembly of the Republic elections results
Parties Votes % ±pp swing MPs MPs %/
votes %
2019 2022 ± % ±
style="width: 5px; background-color: #FF66FF;" data-sort-value="Socialist Party (Portugal)" | Socialist 2,302,601 41.38 Increase5.1 108 120 Increase12 52.17 Increase5.2 1.26
style="width: 5px; background-color: #FF9900;" data-sort-value="Social Democratic Party (Portugal)" | Social Democratic[lower-alpha 2] 1,539,415 27.66 Increase1.3 74 72 Decrease2 31.30 Decrease0.8 1.13
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Chega (political party)/meta/color;" data-sort-value="Chega (political party)" | CHEGA 399,659 7.18 Increase5.9 1 12 Increase11 5.22 Increase4.8 0.73
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Liberal Initiative/meta/color;" data-sort-value="Liberal Initiative" | Liberal Initiative 273,687 4.92 Increase3.6 1 8 Increase7 3.48 Increase3.0 0.71
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Left Bloc (Portugal)/meta/color;" data-sort-value="Left Bloc (Portugal)" | Left Bloc 244,603 4.40 Decrease5.1 19 5 Decrease14 2.17 Decrease6.2 0.49
style="width: 5px; background-color: #FF0000;" data-sort-value="Unitary Democratic Coalition" | Unitary Democratic Coalition 238,920 4.29 Decrease2.0 12 6 Decrease6 2.61 Decrease2.6 0.61
style="width: 5px; background-color: #0093DD;" data-sort-value="CDS – People's Party" | People's[lower-alpha 2] 89,181 1.60 Decrease2.4 5 0 Decrease5 0.00 Decrease2.2 0.0
People-Animals-Nature 88,152 1.58 Decrease1.7 4 1 Decrease3 0.43 Decrease1.3 0.26
style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:LIVRE/meta/color;" data-sort-value="LIVRE" | [[LIVRE|Template:LIVRE/meta/shortname]] 71,232 1.28 Increase0.2 1 1 Steady0 0.43 Steady0.0 0.33
Madeira First (PSD/CDS–PP)[lower-alpha 3] 50,636 0.91 Decrease0.2 3 3 Steady0 1.30 Steady0.0 1.43
Democratic Alliance (PSD/CDS–PP/PPM)[lower-alpha 4] 28,330 0.51 Decrease0.1 2 2 Steady0 0.87 Steady0.0 1.71
React, Include, Recycle 23,233 0.42 Decrease0.3 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: #CC0000;" data-sort-value="Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat" | Portuguese Workers' Communist 11,265 0.20 Decrease0.5 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
National Democratic Alternative[lower-alpha 5] 10,874 0.20 Increase0.0 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: green;" data-sort-value="Together for the People" | Together for the People 10,786 0.19 Decrease0.0 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: #013220;" data-sort-value="Earth Party" | Earth 7,561 0.14 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Volt Portugal 6,240 0.11 N/A N/A 0 N/A 0.00 N/A 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: crimson;" data-sort-value="Socialist Alternative Movement" | Socialist Alternative Movement 6,157 0.11 Increase0.0 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Rise Up[lower-alpha 6] 5,043 0.09 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: gold;" data-sort-value="We, the Citizens!" | We, the Citizens! 3,880 0.07 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Labour 3,533 0.06 Decrease0.1 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Alliance 2,467 0.04 Decrease0.7 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
style="width: 5px; background-color: #005FAD;" data-sort-value="People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)" | People's Monarchist Party[lower-alpha 7] 260 0.00 Decrease0.2 0 0 Steady0 0.00 Steady0.0 0.0
Total valid 5,417,715 97.36 Increase2.3 230 230 Steady0 100.00 Steady0
Blank ballots 63,103 1.13 Decrease1.4
Invalid ballots 83,721 1.50 Decrease0.9
Total 5,564,539 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 10,813,246 51.46 Increase2.9
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[4]
Vote share
PS
  
41.38%
PSD
  
27.66%
CH
  
7.18%
IL
  
4.92%
BE
  
4.40%
CDU
  
4.29%
CDS-PP
  
1.60%
PAN
  
1.58%
L
  
1.28%
MF
  
0.91%
AD
  
0.51%
Others
  
1.66%
Blank/Invalid
  
2.63%
Parliamentary seats
PS
  
52.17%
PSD
  
31.30%
CH
  
5.22%
IL
  
3.48%
CDU
  
2.61%
BE
  
2.17%
MF
  
1.30%
AD
  
0.87%
PAN
  
0.43%
L
  
0.43%

Distribution by constituency

Results of the 2022 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S Total
S
PS PSD CH IL CDU BE MF[lower-alpha 3] AD[lower-alpha 4] PAN L
Azores 42.8 3 5.9 - 4.1 - 1.5 - 4.3 - 33.9 2 1.4 - 0.9 - 5
Aveiro 39.5 8 35.7 7 5.6 1 4.5 - 1.8 - 4.6 - 1.3 - 0.8 - 16
Beja 43.7 2 15.9 - 10.3 - 2.1 - 18.4 1 3.7 - 0.9 - 0.7 - 3
Braga 42.0 9 34.8 8 5.8 1 4.3 1 2.6 - 3.7 - 1.2 - 0.8 - 19
Bragança 40.3 2 40.3 1 8.6 - 1.6 - 1.4 - 2.1 - 0.6 - 0.4 - 3
Castelo Branco 47.7 3 27.4 1 8.3 - 2.6 - 2.9 - 4.3 - 1.0 - 0.8 - 4
Coimbra 45.2 6 29.1 3 6.1 - 3.6 - 3.4 - 5.1 - 1.2 - 1.0 - 9
Évora 44.0 2 21.4 1 9.2 - 2.5 - 14.6 - 3.3 - 0.8 - 0.6 - 3
Faro 39.9 5 24.4 3 12.3 1 4.6 - 4.8 - 5.8 - 2.2 - 1.1 - 9
Guarda 45.1 2 33.5 1 8.0 - 1.9 - 1.8 - 3.1 - 0.7 - 0.5 - 3
Leiria 35.7 5 34.7 4 8.0 1 5.3 - 3.1 - 4.5 - 1.3 - 1.1 - 10
Lisbon 40.8 21 24.2 13 7.8 4 7.9 4 5.1 2 4.7 2 2.0 1 2.4 1 48
Madeira 31.5 3 6.1 - 3.3 - 2.0 - 3.2 - 39.8 3 1.6 - 0.7 - 6
Portalegre 47.2 2 23.2 - 11.5 - 2.1 - 7.6 - 2.9 - 0.6 - 0.6 - 2
Porto 42.5 19 32.3 14 4.4 2 5.1 2 3.3 1 4.8 2 1.7 - 1.2 - 40
Santarém 41.2 5 26.9 3 10.9 1 3.8 - 5.4 - 4.6 - 1.2 - 0.9 - 9
Setúbal 45.7 10 16.2 3 9.0 1 5.1 1 10.1 2 5.8 1 2.0 - 1.4 - 18
Viana do Castelo 42.1 3 34.2 3 6.1 - 2.9 - 3.0 - 3.5 - 1.0 - 0.7 - 6
Vila Real 41.3 3 40.0 2 7.2 - 1.8 - 1.7 - 2.3 - 0.8 - 0.6 - 5
Viseu 41.5 4 36.8 4 7.8 - 2.5 - 1.6 - 2.8 - 0.9 - 0.6 - 8
Europe[lower-alpha 8] 33.0 2 15.0 - 7.1 - 2.5 - 1.3 - 2.4 - 2.7 - 1.4 - 2
Outside of Europe 29.8 1 37.5 1 9.6 - 3.6 - 1.4 - 2.6 - 4.5 - 1.0 - 2
Total 41.4 120 27.7 72 7.2 12 4.9 8 4.3 6 4.4 5 0.9 3 0.5 2 1.6 1 1.3 1 230
Source: Election Results

Maps

Electorate

Demographic Size PS PSD CH IL BE CDU Others
Total vote 100% 41% 29% 7% 5% 4% 4% 10%
Sex
Men 48% 38% 30% 10% 6% 5% 4% 7%
Women 52% 46% 28% 5% 4% 5% 4% 8%
Age
18–24 years old 9% 27% 29% 7% 12% 8% 4% 13%
25–34 years old 12% 30% 26% 10% 10% 5% 4% 15%
35–54 years old 39% 39% 30% 9% 5% 4% 4% 9%
55 years and older 39% 51% 28% 5% 2% 3% 5% 6%
Age by sex
Men, 18–34 years old 11% 23% 30% 12% 14% 5% 4% 12%
Women, 18–34 years old 11% 34% 25% 5% 8% 8% 4% 16%
Men, 35–54 years old 18% 34% 32% 12% 6% 4% 5% 7%
Women, 35–54 years old 21% 44% 29% 6% 4% 4% 4% 9%
Men, 55 years and older 20% 48% 29% 6% 2% 4% 6% 5%
Women, 55 years and older 20% 55% 28% 4% 1% 3% 4% 5%
Education
No High-school 31% 55% 23% 7% 1% 3% 5% 6%
High-school 34% 39% 28% 10% 5% 5% 5% 8%
College graduate 35% 31% 36% 5% 9% 6% 4% 9%
Education by sex
Men, No High-school 17% 50% 24% 9% 1% 4% 6% 6%
Women, No High-school 16% 60% 22% 5% 1% 2% 4% 6%
Men, High-school 17% 34% 29% 14% 6% 5% 5% 7%
Women, High-school 17% 45% 26% 7% 4% 5% 4% 9%
Men, college graduate 14% 26% 38% 7% 13% 5% 4% 7%
Women, college graduate 19% 35% 34% 3% 7% 7% 4% 10%
Education by age
18–34 years old, No High-school 1% 42% 19% 15% 4% 4% 6% 10%
35–54 years old, No High-school 8% 49% 23% 12% 2% 3% 4% 7%
55 years and older, No High-school 23% 59% 23% 5% 1% 3% 5% 4%
18–34 years old, High-school 10% 31% 25% 11% 9% 6% 4% 14%
35–54 years old, High-school 15% 42% 27% 12% 4% 5% 5% 5%
55 years and older, High-school 9% 46% 32% 7% 2% 4% 5% 4%
18–34 years old, college graduate 11% 25% 31% 5% 15% 8% 4% 12%
35–54 years old, college graduate 16% 33% 37% 5% 8% 5% 4% 8%
55 years and older, college graduate 7% 36% 40% 5% 4% 5% 5% 5%
Source: Pitagórica exit poll


Elected Composition of the Assembly of the Republic since 1975

Legislatures since 1975
Election No. Parliament Parties represented Term
Government Opposition
Constituent
1975
200px      PS (116)
     PPD (81)
     PCP (30)
     CDS (16)
     MDP (5)
     UDP (1)
     ADIM (1)
1975–1976
1976 1st 200px      PS (107)      PPD (73)
     CDS (42)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1976–1978
     PS (107)
     CDS (42)
     PPD/PSD (73)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1978
Presidential appointed governments      PS (107)
     PPD/PSD (73)
     CDS (42)
     PCP (40)
     UDP (1)
1978–1979
1979 200px      PPD/PSD (80)
     CDS (43)
     PPM (5)
     PS (74)
     PCP (44)
     MDP (3)
     UDP (1)
1979–1980
1980 2nd 200px      PPD/PSD (82)
     CDS (46)
     PPM (6)
     PS (66)
     PCP (39)
     UEDS (4)
     ASDI (4)
     MDP (2)
     UDP (1)
1980–1983
1983 3th 200px      PS (94)
     PPD/PSD (75)
     UEDS (4)
     ASDI (3)
     PCP (41)
     CDS (30)
     MDP (3)
1983–1985
1985 4th 200px      PPD/PSD (88)
     PRD (45)[lower-alpha 9]
     CDS (22)[lower-alpha 9]
     PS (57)
     PCP (35)
     MDP (3)
1985–1987
1987 5th 200px      PPD/PSD (148)      PS (60)
     PCP (29)
     PRD (7)
     CDS (4)
     PEV (2)
1987–1991
1991 6th 200px      PPD/PSD (135)      PS (72)
     PCP (15)
     CDS (5)
     PEV (2)
     PSN (1)
1991–1995
1995 7th 200px      PS (112)      PPD/PSD (88)
     CDS–PP (15)
     PCP (13)
     PEV (2)
1995–1999
1999 8th 200px      PS (115)      PPD/PSD (81)
     CDS–PP (15)
     PCP (15)
     PEV (2)
     BE (2)
1999–2002
2002 9th 200px      PPD/PSD (105)
     CDS–PP (14)
     PS (96)
     PCP (10)
     BE (3)
     PEV (2)
2002–2005
2005 10th 200px      PS (121)      PPD/PSD (71)
     CDS–PP (12)
     PCP (12)
     BE (8)
     PEV (2)
     PPM (2)
     MPT (2)
2005–2009
2009 11th 200px      PS (97)      PPD/PSD (81)
     CDS–PP (21)
     BE (16)
     PCP (13)
     PEV (2)
2009–2011
2011 12th 200px      PPD/PSD (108)
     CDS–PP (24)
     PS (74)
     PCP (14)
     BE (8)
     PEV (2)
2011–2015
2015 13th 200px      PPD/PSD (89)
     CDS–PP (18)
     PS (86)
     BE (19)
     PCP (15)
     PEV (2)
     PAN (1)
2015
     PS (86)
     BE (19)[lower-alpha 9]
     PCP (15)[lower-alpha 9]
     PEV (2)[lower-alpha 9]
     PPD/PSD (89)
     CDS–PP (18)
     PAN (1)
2015–2019
2019 14th 200px      PS (108)      PPD/PSD (79)
     BE (19)
     PCP (10)
     CDS–PP (5)
     PAN (4)
     PEV (2)
     CH (1)
     IL (1)
     L (1)
2019–2022
2022 15th 200px      PS (120)      PPD/PSD (77)
     CH (12)
     IL (8)
     PCP (6)
     BE (5)
     PAN (1)
     L (1)
2022–present

Evolution graphic

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1975
1976
1979
1980
1983
1985
1987
1991
1995
1999
2002
2005
2009
2011
2015
2019
2022
  •   CH
  •   ADIM
  •   PPM
  •   CDS
  •   IL
  •   PSN
  •   MPT
  •   PPD/PSD
  •   ASDI
  •   PRD
  •   PAN
  •   PS
  •   UEDS
  •   L
  •   PCP
  •   PEV
  •   BE
  •   MDP
  •   UDP

Presidents of the Assembly of the Republic

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See also

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 All of Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bermuda, Cyprus, Denmark (including the Faroe Islands and Greenland), France (including Overseas France), Georgia, Lebanon, Netherlands (including the Dutch Caribbean), Russia (including its Asian part), Spain (including the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla), Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey (including its Asian part), Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are included in the constituency of Europe, despite being partially or entirely outside geographic Europe. All of Kazakhstan, including its geographically European part, is included in the constituency of Outside Europe.[1][2]
  2. 2.0 2.1 Only in mainland Portugal and overseas constituencies.
  3. 3.0 3.1 In Madeira, the PSD and the CDS–PP contested the elections in a coalition called Madeira First (Madeira Primeiro).
  4. 4.0 4.1 In Azores, the PSD, the CDS–PP, and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) contested the elections in a coalition called Democratic Alliance (Aliança Democrática).
  5. In September 2021, the Democratic Republican Party (PDR) changed its name to the National Democratic Alternative (ADN).
  6. In July 2020, the National Renovator Party (PNR) changed its name to Rise Up (E).
  7. PPM list only in Madeira
  8. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Europe
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Confidence & supply gov't

References

  1. Correction declaration no. 83/2017, Diário da República, 31 January 2017 Script error: No such module "In lang"..
  2. Number of voters by district/island/continent, council/country, parish/consulate and consular post, for the legislative elections to the Assembly of the Republic of 30 January 2022, Ministry of Internal Administration of Portugal, 15 January 2022 Script error: No such module "In lang"..
  3. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links