Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress

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Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress
Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress.jpg
One version of the front cover of the novel
Author Dai Sijie
Original title Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise
Translator Ina Rilke
Genre Historical, Semi-autobiographical novel
Publisher Anchor Books
Publication date
 2000
Published in English
 2001
Media type Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages 184
ISBN 0-375-41309-X
OCLC 46884190
843/.92 21
LC Class PQ2664.A437 B3513 2001

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is a semi-autobiographical novel written by Dai Sijie, and published in 2000 in French and in English in 2001. It is the author's first published novel. Its original French title is similar, "Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise". A film based on his novel was released in 2002, directed by Dai himself.

Plot summary

The novel, written by Dai Sijie, is about two teenagers. Luo, "a genius for storytelling",[1] and an unnamed narrator, "a fine musician"[2] are sent to be re-educated during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. They are sent to a mountain called "Phoenix of the Sky" near Tibet, because their doctor parents have been declared enemies of the state and "reactionaries of the bourgeoisie" by the Communist state. There, while forced to work in the coal mines and with the rice crop, they are captivated by and fall in love with the daughter of the local tailor, the Little Seamstress. Throughout the novel, the small farming village of Phoenix of the Sky delights in the storytelling of the two teenagers. They even are excused from work for a few days to see films at Yong Jing, a nearby town, and later relate the story to the townspeople, through an activity known as "oral cinema", where the story is retold.[3]

At the same time, they meet Four-Eyes, the son of a prominent poet, who also is being re-educated. Although he is succeeding in re-education, he is also hiding French, Russian, and English novels that are forbidden by Chinese law. The boys convince Four-Eyes to lend them the book, Ursule Mirouët by Honoré de Balzac. After Luo stays up all night reading the book, he gives the book to the narrator and leaves the village in order to tell it to the Little Seamstress, "the region's reigning beauty"[4] that both characters are attracted to, and the narrator becomes "completely wrapped up in the French story".[5] When Luo returns, he is carrying leaves from the tree below where he and former virgin, the Little Seamstress, had sex.

The village headman, described as a passionate Communist who has just returned from an unsuccessful dental surgery, threatens to turn in Luo and the narrator for spreading the counter-revolutionary ideas found in The Count of Monte Cristo if they don’t agree to fix the headman’s teeth. Faced with the threat of prison, the pair fix the village headman's teeth, but they operate the drill “slowly... to punish him.”[6] Later, when the headman is calmer and thankful to the two for repairing his teeth, he allows Luo to leave the village for a month to look after Luo’s ailing mother. During Luo’s absence, the Little Seamstress concludes that she is pregnant. Her character confides this in the narrator, for "when [Luo] had left the previous month she was not yet worried"[7] about missing her period. However, since it is illegal to have children out of wedlock in the revolutionary society, and she and Luo are too young to marry, the narrator must set up a secret abortion.

Three months after the abortion is performed and Luo returns, the pair's mission of educating the Little Seamstress backfires. At first, however, it seems as if their plan is working perfectly – she adopts the city accent and begins making modern clothing. Yet, one day, she "comes to understand her own sexual power",[8] and leaves without saying farewell. In his grief, Luo becomes inebriated and burns all of the foreign books "in [a] frenzy,"[9] ending the novel.

Characters

  • Luo, the narrators best friend
  • The Little Seamstress, the daughter of a famous local tailor, the Little Seamstress is a rare beauty. She has no formal education and cannot read, so Luo and the narrator read to her. She is pregnant by Luo, and subsequently gets an abortion. As the novel progresses, the Little Seamstress learns about the outside world by reading the foreign books with Luo's help. She eventually leaves the mountain and everything that she has known, to start a new life in the city.
  • The Village Headman, the leader of the village to which the narrator and Luo are sent for re-education, is a 50-year-old "ex-opium farmer turned Communist cadre."[10] One day, he blackmails Luo to fix his teeth in return for not sending the narrator to jail.
  • Four-Eyes, the son of a writer and a poet, must wear thick glasses to compensate for his nearsightedness. He possesses a suitcase full of forbidden "reactionary" Western novels that the Narrator and Luo covet, and eventually steal. He is referred to as a character who is accustomed to humiliation. He ends up leaving the mountain when his mother convinces the government to end his re-education early and gets Four-Eyes a job at a newspaper.
  • The Miller is an old man who lives alone and is a repository of local folk songs. The Miller narrates one part of the novel and provides songs to the boys, who then relate them to Four-Eyes. He is one of the characters who chooses not to be involved with the revolution.
  • The Tailor, the father of the Little Seamstress and the only tailor on the mountain, is a rich and popular man. He is old but energetic and widely travelled. At one point in the story, the narrator recounts The Count of Monte Cristo to him while he spends the night with the narrator and Luo. Through this experience, he gains a slight air of sophistication, and the story begins to influence the clothes that he makes.
  • The Gynaecologist, a man around forty, with "grizzled lanky hair [and] sharp features,"[11] performs the Little Seamstress' illegal abortion in return for a book by Balzac.

Major themes

Power of education and literature

Critics have noted that the novel deals with the strength of education and literature. Jeff Zaleski of Publishers Weekly said that the novel "emphasize[s] the power of literature to free the mind."[12] Additionally, a New York Times book review by Brooke Allen addresses the themes, such as the "potency of imaginative literature and why it is hated and feared by those who wish to control others."[8] This reviewer addresses the evil and ultimate failure of "any system that fears knowledge and education... and closes the mind to moral and intellectual truth" as well.

Friendship and lost innocence

The major themes of Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress include friendship and lost innocence.[13]

Double edged

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress addresses issues such as how everything appears to have a double-edge.[14]

Cultural superiority

It has been noted that Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress deals with cultural superiority and balance between varying cultural influences.[8]

Style

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is notable for its size. Publishers Weekly stated that Balzac was a "slim first novel",[12] and Brooke Allen at the New York Times Book Review called the narrative "streamlined".[8]

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is written in a characteristic style. The novel focuses and "accents on a soft center rather than... hard edges", according to Josh Greenfield of Time Europe. A vast majority of the characters in the narrative have "epithets rather than names",[10] adding to the relaxed writing style of the novel.

Background

Cultural Revolution

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is set during the time known as the as the Cultural Revolution in China. This historical event helped to supply the framework for many of the conflicts faced in the novel. The Revolution of Chairman Mao Zedong "began in 1966 and continued until the dictator's death ten years later". The Cultural Revolution in China was "intended to stamp out the educated class and . . . old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits".[8] In order to do this, "hundreds of thousands of Chinese intellectuals [were sent] to peasant villages for re-education",[12] and within the years of "1968-1975, some twelve million youths were ‘rusticated’."[8]

Dai Sijie's past

Dai Sijie's own experiences during this time period helped to produce the novel. Sijie himself was re-educated, and "spent the years between 1971 and 1974 in the mountains of Sichuan Province".[8] He emigrated to France in 1984.[14]

Publication history

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress has been translated from the original French. The novel was first published in France in the French language"[4] in 2000, and since then, rights of the book have been sold in nineteen countries.[12] However, the novel has not been translated to Chinese because of statements that Sijie has "blackened the characters of the peasants and treated them like idiots", and that the changes that the characters go through should be "the result of reading a Chinese book".[15] The English translation of Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Ina Rilke is published by the company Knopf[10] and has been praised for its clarity.”[12]

Reception

The book received reviews related to "warmth and humor."[12] It has been stated as well that the novel "abound[s] in gentle humor, warm bonhomie and appealing charm"[10] in Time Europe.

The novel has likewise been seen as an emotional tale. Jeff Zaleski has reviewed Balzac as a "moving, [and] often wrenching short novel".[12] Dai Sijie has been praised as a "captivating, amazing, storyteller" whose writing here is "seductive and unaffected".[13] In a San Jose Mercury News article, the novel is described as one that will resonate with the reader.[14]

Topics covered in the book–to do with the Cultural Revolution–have been elaborated on and reviewed. Dai Sijie, as "an entertaining recorder of China's ‘ten lost years’," addresses the Cultural Revolution. It is seen by some as "a wonderfully human tale" and relatable.[12] The ending of the novel has received some positive attention. The ending has a "smart surprising bite" says a Library Journal article.[4] In Publishers Weekly, the conclusion is described as "unexpected, droll, and poignant".[12] The story itself is seen as unprecedented, "not another grim... tale of forced labor."[10] Also popular, it has been described as a "cult novel."[15] and was a bestseller in France in the year 2000.”[12] However, there have been negative reviews. Brooke Allen of The New York Times Book Review states that the novel is "worthwhile, but unsatisfactory" and that the epithets for most of the characters "work against the material's power."[8] In addition, the novel has received complaints from Chinese government officials in its portrayal of the Cultural Revolution.[15]

Awards and nominations

The book is the winner of several literary awards. The novel won five French literary prizes.[4] and was a best seller in 2000.”[12]

Adaptations

Sijie Dai directed and adapted his novel into a film, released in 2003, starring Zhou Xun, Liu Ye and Chen Kun.[16]

Interviews and reading guides

Articles and Book Reviews

References

  1. ↑ Sijie, p. 19
  2. ↑ Sijie, p. 5
  3. ↑ Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress translated by Ina Rilke Page 19
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.(subscription required)
  5. ↑ Sijie, p. 57
  6. ↑ Sijie, p.134
  7. ↑ Sijie p. 159
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Sijie, p. 178
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Sijie, p. 164
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.(subscription required)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.(subscription required)
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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