Barabati fort
Entrance of Barabati Fort
|
|
| 250px
Barabati Fort
|
|
| Coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
|---|---|
| Beginning date | 989 A.D. |
Barabati Fort is a 14th-century fort built by the Ganga dynasty near Cuttack, Odisha. The ruins of the fort remain with its moat, gate, and the earthen mound of the nine-storied palace, which evokes the memories of past days. Today it sits next to the modern Barabati Stadium, the venue of various sport events and cultural programs. There is also a temple dedicated to Katak Chandi, the presiding deity of the city, not far away from the fort. Now there is also plans to develop the old Gadakhai into a world class tourist destination with boating facilities and a world class park. The renovation work of the gadakhai is going on in full swing.
Contents
Location
This medieval fort is situated at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., about 8 km away from the center of the Cuttack, at the apex of a delta formed by the river Mahanadi on the north and its distributary, the Kathajodi on the south, and is located at 14.62 metres above sea level.
History
Cuttack (or Kataka) was founded by King Nrupa Keshari in 989 AD. King Marakata Keshari built the stone revetment on the left bank of the Kathajodi in 1006 AD to protect the city from the ravages of floods. Due to its strategic location, King Anangabhima Dev III shifted his capital from 'Choudwar Kataka' to the present Cuttack, then known as 'Abhinaba Bidanasi Kataka' and built the fort of Barabati in 1229 AD. Cuttack has witnessed the rule of several dynasties : the Kesharis, the Gangas, the Gajapatis and the Bhois. Traditional history attributes the founding of this city to Somavansi king Nrupakesari. The Madalapanji indicates that the fort was built in 989 AD. However many scholars like late Prof. P.Mukharjee believes that Ganga king Anangabhimadeva III founded the city of Cuttack who ruled from 1211 to 1238 AD.[1]
Cuttack preserves hoard of archaeological remains, one of the important monument of Cuttack town is Barabati fort, which speaks a history of seven hundred years and more is the mute witness of march of events through the centuries. Scholars give different opinions regarding the date of construction of Barbati fort. Madalapanji, the Jagannatha temple chronicle narrate an interesting story which is as follows.
This king Bhima Parichha or Anangabhima II was residing in his capital called Chaudwar. One day the king crossed the Mahanadi and came towards southern side. Here he noticed in the Barabati village belonging to the Ko-danda sub-division that near the god Visweswar Deva, a heron had jumped upon a hawk. Seeing this the king was very much surprised and on an auspicious day laid the foundation of construction of the fort and this village was named Barabati Cuttack. And since then he left Choudwar and lived at Cuttack making it his capital.
In the opinion of Jagabandhu Singh, Anangabhima Deva II ruled for 27 years (1183-1210 A.D.) and in the 12th year of his reign Barabati was constructed. This fort was constructed by Anangabhima Deva (1189-1223 A.D.) in the 13th year of his reign i.e., in 1202 A.D. The newly discovered Nagari cooper plate issued by Anangabhima Deva donated land from Varanasi Kataka. On the basis of this evidence K.C. Panigrahi concludes that Barabati fort was constructed sometimes after 1223 A.D. Thus the fort was built after 1229 A.D.10 and before 1238 A.D. Barabatifort, witnessed the fortunes and the fall of the long line of Ganga and Suryavamsi rules. During the rule of the Muslims and the Marathas it continued to be the capital of Orissa. The British army took possession of Barabati fort on October 1803. Barabati fort which for centuries was the residence of ruling dynasties became the occupation of the British the prison for confinement of several illustrious rules of the land. In 1800 the Raja of Kujanga, in 1818 the Raja of Surgaja with his family members kept under strict confinement to this fort. In addition vandalism to destroy the fort was intensified in the early phase of British rule.
Excavation by Archaeological survey of India on December 1st 1989 revealed evidence of a palace, a square structure built up of Khondolite stone. It was built over an area which was carefully prepared by filling of 5 meter with sand and Malba. Trenches taken on the eastern side of the structure revealed 32 pillars built of literate blocks roughly square but varying in size. In the north eastern corner of the mound remains of temple has been founded. Excavation on the eastern and southern side of the mound reveled the existence of a citadel wall built of laterite blocks.[2]In 1568 AD, the city passed to the hands of Afghan rulers of Bengal, then to the Moghul Empire in 1592 and the Marathas in 1751. Cuttack, with the rest of Odisha, came under the British rule in 1803. The Bengal-Nagpur Railways connected Cuttack with Madras(Chennai) and Calcutta(Kolkata) in 1919. It became the capital of the newly formed state of Odisha in 1936 and continued to be so till 1948 when the capital was shifted to Bhubaneswar. The city completed one thousand years of its existence in 1989.
The ruins of the old Barabati Fort lie on the right bank of the Mahanadi, in the western part of the city. All that remains of the Fort is an arched gateway and the earthen mound of the nine-storeyed palace. Archaeological surveys reveal that the Fort was roughly rectangular in structure having an area of over 102 acres (0.41 km2), and it was surrounded on all sides by a wall of laterite and sandstones. To the west of the mound there is a tank. In the north-eastern corner of the mound are remains of what once was a temple. The temple was made of whitish sandstone over foundations of laterite blocks. About four hundred fragments of mouldings and some mutilated pieces of sculptures have been recovered so far. This temple of the Ganga period containing a stone idol of Lord Jagannath is in ruins. A mosque built by Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, governor of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1719 CE still exists her grandson sikandra shah a point the qiledar fort.
References
- ↑ Patel, Dr. C. B. Barabati Fort : The Mute Witness to Orissan Glory.Orissa Review. May 2005
- ↑ OHRJ, Vol. XLVII, No. 2 , Utkal University April 18th , 2016
