Barnaul

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For other uses of "Barnaul", see Barnaul (disambiguation).
Barnaul (English)
Барнаул (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
Barnaulcollage.jpg
View of Barnaul
Map of Russia - Altai Krai (2008-03).svg
Location of Altai Krai in Russia
Barnaul is located in Altai Krai
Barnaul
Barnaul
Location of Barnaul in Altai Krai
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Barnaul coat of arms.svg
Flag of Barnaul (Altai krai).png
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day One of Sundays in August or September[2]
Administrative status (as of June 2014)
Country Russia
Federal subject Altai Krai[1]
Administratively subordinated to city of krai significance of Barnaul[1]
Administrative center of Altai Krai,[3] city of krai significance of Barnaul[1]
Municipal status (as of July 2009)
Urban okrug Barnaul Urban Okrug[4]
Administrative center of Barnaul Urban Okrug[4]
Head[3] Lyudmila Zubovich[3]
Representative body City Duma[3]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 612,401 inhabitants[5]
- Rank in 2010 21st
Time zone OMST (UTC+06:00)[6]
Founded 1730s[7]
City status since 1771[2]
Postal code(s)[8] 656000, 656002–656004, 656006, 656008, 656010–656012, 656015, 656016, 656018, 656019, 656021, 656023–656025, 656031, 656033, 656035–656039, 656043–656045, 656048–656050, 656052–656060, 656062–656068, 656700, 656880, 656890, 656899, 656905, 656960, 656961, 656963–656966, 656998, 656999, 901024, 901213
Dialing code(s) +7 3852[citation needed]
Official website
[[:commons:Category:{{#property:Commons category}}|Barnaul]] on Wikimedia Commons

Barnaul (Russian: Барнаул; IPA: [bərnɐˈul]) is a city and the administrative center of Altai Krai, Russia, located along the Ob River in the West Siberian Plain. At the end of 2014, the city had a population of around 700,000 people.[9] The population of the Barnaul metropolitan area is estimated to be over 1.14 million.[10]

Geography

Barnaul is the closest major city to the Altai Mountains to the south. The city is also situated relatively close to the border with the countries of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China.

History

A historical wooden house

Ancient History

The area around the city has been inhabited by Modern Humans, Neanderthals & Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years.[11] In the late BC millennia, the locality was the centre of activity for Scythians and various Turkic peoples.[12]

Russian Empire

Barnaul was founded in 1730.[13] Originally chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, the site was founded by the wealthy Demidov family in the 1730s.[7] In addition to the copper which had originally attracted the Demidovs, substantial deposits of silver were soon found as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown, and soon became the center of silver production in the Russian Empire.[14]

By the 1900s, Barnaul had grown into a major center of trade and culture of the region, especially after the construction of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway.

In 1914, Barnaul was the site of a draft riot, Russia's largest during World War I, which resulted in over a hundred casualties.[15]

World War II

Although the city was thousands of miles away from the actual fighting, hundreds of thousands of citizens from Altai Krai fought and died at the front in the course of the Second World War, a fact commemorated by a large memorial in central Barnaul.[citation needed]

It is estimated that over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II was produced in Barnaul.[16]

Administrative and municipal status

Barnaul is the administrative center of the krai.[3] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug.[4]

Climate

The continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of −15.5 °C (4.1 °F) in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of +19.9 °C (67.8 °F) in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below −45 °C (−49 °F) in the winter to above +35 °C (95 °F) in the summer.

The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is 433 millimeters (17.0 in) per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season.

Climate data for Barnaul
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5)		 7.4
(45.3)		 16.4
(61.5)		 32.3
(90.1)		 37.4
(99.3)		 36.6
(97.9)		 37.9
(100.2)		 38.3
(100.9)		 34.0
(93.2)		 27.4
(81.3)		 15.3
(59.5)		 6.3
(43.3)		 38.3
(100.9)
Average high °C (°F) −10.8
(12.6)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 10.1
(50.2)		 20.1
(68.2)		 24.3
(75.7)		 26.3
(79.3)		 24.3
(75.7)		 17.7
(63.9)		 9.2
(48.6)		 −2.2
(28)		 −8.5
(16.7)		 8.5
(47.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.5
(4.1)		 −13.7
(7.3)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 3.8
(38.8)		 12.8
(55)		 17.7
(63.9)		 19.9
(67.8)		 17.4
(63.3)		 11.0
(51.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −12.9
(8.8)		 2.6
(36.7)
Average low °C (°F) −20.1
(−4.2)		 −18.7
(−1.7)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 6.5
(43.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 14.0
(57.2)		 11.6
(52.9)		 5.6
(42.1)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −10.0
(14)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 −2.5
(27.5)
Record low °C (°F) −48.2
(−54.8)		 −42.9
(−45.2)		 −35.5
(−31.9)		 −27.6
(−17.7)		 −8.8
(16.2)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 2.9
(37.2)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −7.8
(18)		 −27.0
(−16.6)		 −38.9
(−38)		 −43.1
(−45.6)		 −48.2
(−54.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24
(0.94)		 18
(0.71)		 17
(0.67)		 28
(1.1)		 40
(1.57)		 55
(2.17)		 68
(2.68)		 44
(1.73)		 43
(1.69)		 37
(1.46)		 37
(1.46)		 31
(1.22)		 433
(17.05)
Average rainy days 0.4 1 3 12 17 16 17 15 16 14 6 1 118
Average snowy days 22 20 16 9 2 0.1 0 0 1 10 18 24 122
Average relative humidity (%) 78 76 74 63 55 64 70 70 69 73 79 79 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 77 112 178 218 272 315 320 265 199 109 75 64 2,204
Source #1: pogoda.ru.net[17]
Source #2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[18]

Economy

Newly constructed buildings in Barnaul

Barnaul is an important industrial center of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120 thousand people. Leading industries in the city work with diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tires, furniture and footwear.[19]

Transportation

Barnaul has air, railway, road and riverboat links to other parts of Russia. The city lies approximately 220 kilometers (140 mi) south of Novosibirsk. It is at a junction of the Novosibirsk–Almaty and Biysk train lines. There are also frequent buses to nearby cities Biysk and Gorno-Altaysk.[citation needed]

Barnaul Airport is located about fifteen minutes from the center of the city and offers daily flights to and from Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as to regional and international destinations.[citation needed]

Education and culture

Barnaul is an important regional center of scientific development. Five universities, including Altai State Technical University, Barnaul State Pedagogical University, Altai State Medical University, Altai State Agrarian University and Altai State University, as well as 35 libraries are located in the city. Barnaul also has five theatres and three museums. The city's Museum of Local Lore was founded in 1823 and is one of the oldest in Siberia, displaying local artists' work as well as unique artifacts from the Altai region.[citation needed]

The city also has 'The South-Siberian Botanical Garden' (SSBG),[20] linked to Altai State University.[21]

Architecture and sightseeing

At first the city was built according to the architecture of Saint Petersburg , which shaped the look of the central part of the city as a regular city. Barnaul has over 20 architecture memorials of XVIII and the first half of XIX century, created in classicism style: a unique complex of silver smelting factory, Demidov's square, etc.

A lot of decorated wooden buildings were destroyed with a big fire on the 2d of May in 1917. Brick buildings were also destroyed. Later in the 1930s many churches and cathedrals of Barnaul were demolished or rebuilt. The only biggest historical building that survived the times is Pokrovsky cathedral, which is now free to visit for everyone.

After 1930 Barnaul got several buildings of constructivism style, for example, a sewing factory on Vorovskogo street. In 1930-1950s the most of the buildings of Lenin street were created. The street is the main street of the city and it's one of the favourite places for walking. The street starts from Lev Tolstoj street and ends at the October square, which is one of the most noted squares of the city. There are several popular places on the street as well, for example, the Cosmos fountain or the null kilometer monument.

Close to the Ob river, there are huge letters БАРНАУЛ which is the name of the city in Cyrillic. The letters are situated on the hill next to the river. The locals call the letters our Hollywood. In 2015 the Barnaul government decided to refresh the area around the letters and in 2016 there should be a park for entertainment and recreation.

Barnaul has several nature parks.

Sports

Since 1957 FC Dynamo Barnaul has been the city's professional football club.

Twin towns and sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Barnaul is twinned with:

Notable people

Images of Barnaul

  • A cafe on Kalinina Avenue

  • Barnaul's main street as seen from the new Ob River Bridge.

  • Barnaul's first 25-storey building

  • The City Duma of Barnaul

  • The Altai Dramatic Theater

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Law #28-ZS
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 http://www.barnaul.org/
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Law #144-ZS
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  9. ↑ http://www.webcitation.org/6WXT0pRxC
  10. ↑ http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2012/0517/analit01.php
  11. ↑ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3238424/Inside-cave-home-Denisovans-Neanderthals-Homo-sapiens-Different-species-early-man-used-shelter-thousands-years.html
  12. ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=ijJ4o2iorhkC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=scythians+barnaul&source=bl&ots=Ph6ygUJmhn&sig=rozXeR75ObBBpV2fns0SWByPigY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIv9vK6q7-xwIVBFuSCh0iGgHC#v=onepage&q=scythians%20barnaul&f=false
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ http://new.hist.asu.ru/biblio/borod5/got/15.html
  15. ↑ Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.
  16. ↑ http://www.webcitation.org/6144m19m3
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ http://www.barnaul.org/vlast/itogi-08/
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ http://barnaul.fm/2015/08/28/sergej-shubenkov-vyigral-zoloto-na-chempionate-mira-po-lyogkoj-atletike-v-pekine/
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов. Закон №28-ЗС от 1 марта 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №72-ЗС от 2 сентября 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Алтайского края "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Алтайского края"». Вступил в силу 8 марта 2008 г. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №67, 8 марта 2008 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies. Law #28-ZS of March 1, 2008 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #72-ZS of September 2, 2015 On Amending the Law of Altai Krai "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Altai Krai". Effective as of March 8, 2008.).
  • Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание. Закон №144-ЗС от 27 декабря 2008 г. «О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №44-ЗС от 2 июля 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Приложение 1 к Закону Алтайского края "О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №5–6, 15 января 2009 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly. Law #144-ZS of December 27, 2008 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #44-ZS of July 2, 2009 On Amending Appendix 1 of the Law of Altai Krai "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).

External links

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