Borinage
The Borinage is an area in the Walloon province of Hainaut in Belgium. The provincial capital Mons is located in the east of the Borinage. In French the inhabitants are called Borains, but there was a great sociological difference between Mons and the Borains of all the villages around Mons.
Charles White wrote, when describing the Belgian revolution, "The Borains, like the dark spirits of the melo-drame, rose from their mines, and helter-skelter pushed upon the capital",[1] but he was using this name for all the inhabitants in the Province of Hainaut, which is an error.
Contents
Rise and fall of coal
"From the 18th century to 1850, the economy of thirty municipalities in the Borinage was founded on coal mining. Between 1822 and 1829, production more than doubled in that region i.e. from 602,000 to 1,260,000 tons. That was more than the total production of France and Germany at the time! The Borinage exported its coal mostly to France and Flanders." [2]
In 1957, out of 64,800 people recorded as being in employment in the Borinage, 23,000 worked in the coal industry. Only 7,000 people in services, although in Belgium as a whole, 49 percent of employment was in the tertiary sector.[3]
In the 1960s, because of the end of the collieries, Ladrière, Meynaud and Perin wrote that the Borinage died in the ideological and economical sense. [4]
Belgian general strikes
In his mid-twenties, the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh spent several years living there, ca. 1878–1880. First, he preached to and lived with the coal miners. Then, he had a breakdown and decided to become an artist, while living there. His first masterpiece, The Potato Eaters (Oil on Canvas, 1885), of Dutch land peasants, was indirectly inspired by the bad conditions of miners and their families in the Borinage but was not painted there.
Dutch-born Belgian painter Henry Luyten resided in the Borinage during 1886 and 1887. He witnessed the great strike and its bloody suppression. In response, he painted the triptych "The Strike" on which he worked until 1893. The painting (international title: "Struggle for Life") measures 3 to 5 meters. The painting on the right-hand panel (3 by 2 ½ meters) is called "After the uprising" and the left-hand panel is called "Misery".
This region was emblematic of the whole Sillon industriel in Wallonia and of the Belgian general strikes which often broke out in the Borinage. For instance the Belgian general strike of 1893 was initiated by the Borains according to Marcel Liebman.[5]
Misère au Borinage
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The area is best known for its former coalmining industry. The living conditions of the miners were featured in the famous documentary film Misère au Borinage (1933) made by Henri Storck and Joris Ivens.
It is one of the most important references in the documentary genre. In 1932, a great strike paralysed the coalmines of Wallonia and the response of employers and the police had been merciless. Throughout it all the broader population was ill-informed and largely indifferent. André Thirifays, Pierre Vermeylen and all the indignant young people involved in the Club de l'écran, decided to bear witness to this dire poverty using their weapon, the camera. With the aid of a doctor and a lawyer, with very little funding, hiding from the police but supported by the whole population, the shoot took place in difficult and exciting conditions. The film is hard, magnificent. It has lost nothing of its force, its strong emotional impact of indignation and compassion. It has left to the working class the strongest images of its history and struggles: evictions;thin-faced and absent-looking children packed together in slum houses; the procession with the portrait of Karl Marx; the collecting of low grade coal on the slagheaps at dawn; the begging miner etc. There is also the shock of images placed side by side: houses standing empty while homeless people sleep in the street, near-famine conditions with no aid, whereas big sums of money go to construct a church...[6]
Present-day Borinage
Borinage is often considered the western end of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia, home to about two-thirds of Wallonia's population.
Since the last mines closed in the 1960s, the Borinage has had the highest unemployment ratio of Belgium.
Google has its major European datacenter in Saint-Ghislain.
The listed mine complex of Grand Hornu is a witness of the region's history. It is also the most important museum of Contemporary art in Wallonia.
In Frameries is a Scientific adventures park[7] around the Crachet's reconstructed Pit head frame.
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See also
References
- ↑ Charles White, The Belgic revolution of 1830, London, 1835, p. 308
- ↑ Adriaan Linters, Architecture industrielle en Belgique, Industriële architectuur in België, Industria architecture in Belgium, Pierre Mardaga, Liège, 1986, ISBN 2-87009-284-9
- ↑ Alan S. Milward, The European rescue of the nation-state, Routledge, London, 2000, p. 41 ISBN 0-415-21628-1
- ↑ Ladrière, Meynaud, Perin, La décision politique en Belgique, CRISP, Bruxelles, 1965, p. 132: French Le Borinage est mort économiquement et idéologiquement.
- ↑ Marcel Liebman Les socialistes belges (1885-1914), Editions Vie Ouvrière, Bruxelles, 1979, p. 99. ISBN 2-87003-135-1
- ↑ Josette Debacker, Revue belge du cinéma (English text), August 1979.
- ↑ Scientific adventures parcs
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