Caspase-9

Caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase
250px PDB rendering based on 1jxq.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1JXQ, 1NW9, 2AR9, 3D9T, 3V3K, 3YGS, 4RHW
Identifiers
Symbols	CASP9 ; APAF-3; APAF3; ICE-LAP6; MCH6; PPP1R56
External IDs	OMIM: 602234 MGI: 1277950 HomoloGene: 31024 ChEMBL: 2273 GeneCards: CASP9 Gene
EC number	3.4.22.62
Gene ontology Molecular function • cysteine-type endopeptidase activity • protein binding • enzyme activator activity • peptidase activity • SH3 domain binding • protein kinase binding • cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway Cellular component • nucleus • cytoplasm • mitochondrion • cytosol • apoptosome Biological process • apoptotic process • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway • aging • fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage • activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c • programmed cell death • platelet formation • response to cobalt ion • response to estradiol • response to lipopolysaccharide • glial cell apoptotic process • cellular response to UV • Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway • signal transduction in response to DNA damage • positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process • innate immune response • response to antibiotic • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway • phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling • cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand • intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway • regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE CASP9 203984 s at tn.png
File:PBB GE CASP9 210775 x at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	842	12371
Ensembl	ENSG00000132906	ENSMUSG00000028914
UniProt	P55211	Q8C3Q9
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001229	NM_001277932
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001220	NP_001264861
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 15.49 – 15.53 Mb	Chr 4: 141.79 – 141.82 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Caspase-9 is an initiator caspase, encoded by the CASP9 gene. CASP9 orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in lizards, lissamphibians, and teleosts.

The aspartic acid specific protease caspase-9 has been linked to the mitochondrial death pathway. It is activated during programmed cell death (apoptosis). Induction of stress signaling pathways JNK/SAPK causes release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of apaf-1 (apoptosome), which in turn cleaves the pro-enzyme of caspase-9 into the active form.

Once initiated caspase-9 goes on to cleave procaspase-3 & procaspase-7, which cleave several cellular targets, including poly ADP ribose polymerase.

Structure

Caspase-9 precursor procaspase-9 is present as an inactive monomer before it undergoes a conformational change to a dimer and associates with the apf-1 and cytochrome c complex to form an apoptosome.

Interactions

Caspase-9 has been shown to interact with:

• APAF1
• BIRC2,
• Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3,
• Caspase 8,
• NLRP1, and
• XIAP.

Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis.

See also

• The Proteolysis Map
• Caspase

External links

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.010