Valladolid Cathedral

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Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Assumption
Valladolid - Catedral.jpg
Main view of the Cathedral
Valladolid Cathedral is located in Spain
Valladolid Cathedral
Shown within Spain
Basic information
Location Bandera valladolid.svg Valladolid,
Banderaprovvalladolid.svg Province of Valladolid,
Flag of Castile and León.svg Castile and León,
 Spain
Geographic coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Affiliation Roman Catholic
District Valladolid
Year consecrated 1668
Status Active
Website www.catedral-valladolid.com
Architectural description
Architect(s) Juan de Herrera
Architectural type Cathedral
Architectural style Herrerian
Direction of façade Southeast
Groundbreaking 1589
Official name: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Valladolid
Designated 3 June 1931
Reference no. RI-51-0000980

The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Assumption (Spanish: Catedral de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción), better known as Valladolid Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Valladolid, Spain. The main layout was designed by Juan de Herrera in a Renaissance-style.

The original design for this cathedral would have created a church which would have been the largest cathedral in Europe.[1] Initially planned as the Cathedral for the capital city of Spain, ultimately, only 40-45% of the intended project was completed,[2] due to lack of resources after the court moved towards Madrid, and the expenses caused by the difficult foundations of the temple, located in an area with a large gap in the field.

History

File:Planta ideal Catedral Valladolid (España).JPG
Present church outlined in black; hatchmarks delineate entire plan, and demonstrate the planned three naves and apses.
File:Hb 56.234.jpg
Gate of the cathedral, sold in 1956, currently exhibited in New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art.
File:Valladolid-cathedral.jpg
The unfinished cathedral and the Plaza de la Universidad, near University of Valladolid

The structure has its origins in a late Gothic collegiate church, which begun in the late 15th century. Before temporarily becoming capital of a united Spain, Valladolid was not a bishopric, and thus it lacked a cathedral. However, with the newly established episcopal see in the 16th century, the Town Council decided to build a larger, modern cathedral in Renaissance-style, befitting the city's new status.

The cathedral that was planned would have been immense. When construction started, Valladolid was the de facto capital of Spain, housing king Philip II and his court. However, due to strategic and geopolitical reasons, by the 1560s the capital was moved to Madrid and construction funds were largely cut. Thus the cathedral was not finished according to Herrera's design, and further modified during the 17th and 18th centuries, such as the addition to the top of the main façade, a work by Churriguera.

Description

The building, declared of Cultural Interest in 1931, is dedicated to Nuestra Señora de la Asunción. Although designed by Juan de Herrera, its construction was directed mainly by his disciples in the first half of the 17th century. Diego de Praves was the main contributor, and he was succeeded by his son. The design plan was a rectangle with two towers in the corners of the main façade, and another two finishing in pyramids, in the chancel.

The plan was a vast church with three aisles, with a transept on the centre, with two great doors in its ends. The main chapel and the choir were intended to be on the same place, facing the prayers (following the aims of the Council of Trent), so processions could pass round the back. Also, some chapels on the two sides of the building, placed between buttresses, were planned. Only a half of the church was built. Nowadays, the building stops at the transept. Only one tower now stands and it does not follow Herrera's plans.

The lower part of the main façade takes the form of triumphal arch in the Doric order Due to an error in construction the portal arch is rather pointed.

In the 18th century Alberto Churriguera erected the second part in imitation of the façade of the church of El Escorial. Capping the balustrade are statues of St. Ambrose, St. Augustine, St. Gregory and St. Jerome. Then the tower on the side of the vestry was erected which, after suffering damage in consequence of the Lisbon earthquake (1753), finally fell down in 1841; it was re-erected next to the vestry and is crowned with a statue of the Corazón de Jesús (Sacred Heart).

Today it contains a rich musical archive housing 6000 works, and a 16th-century altarpiece by Juan de Juni taken from the church of Santa María La Antigua, also in Valladolid, while the altarpiece by El Greco originally in the cathedral, has been moved elsewhere.

There are four chapels on either side of the church. In the first there is a Neoclassical picture of Cain and Abel and the second was property of Juan Velerde. The third has two late 17th century large pictures, work of a follower of Lucas Jordan. The next is dedicated to San Fernando and the tomb of Count Ansúrez is close to it, whose statue dates from the 16th century.

The main chapel has the altarpiece made by Juan de Juni was transferred to its present position in 1922. The choir stalls were built by Francisco Velázquez and Melchor de Beya in 1617 and them came from the convent of San Pablo, in Valladolid. In the other side of the church, on the third chapel there is a Baroque altarpiece of the 18th century and a group of statues and funerary reliefs of the Venero family, work of a disciple of Pompeo Leoni. The second chapel has a Baroque altarpiece, with a sculpture of San Pedro, by Pedro de Ávila and a 16th-century screen.

The great pipe organ, over the main door, was built in 1904 by Aquilino Amezua and enlarged in 1933 by his former partner L. Galdós using a classicist case from a previous organ, built in 1794. It follows romantic taste and has three manuals and pedal, with 36 stops. There is also an Allen electronic-digital organ.

In the vestry there are several pictures: for example, an Assumption of the second quarter of the 17th century by Diego Valentín Díaz and a San Jerónimo y San Jenaro by Lucas Jordan.

Gallery

References