Chicago park and boulevard system

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Boulevards information sign in Palmer Square
King Drive has two medians with trees planted in them. Parking is allowed on the side streets but not on the large central thoroughfare.
File:Marshall-Boulevard-Chicago-01.jpg
Marshall Boulevard, in the Little Village neighborhood. A sign on the lamppost on the left says "Chicago's historic boulevards".

The historic Chicago park and boulevard system is a ring of parks connected by wide, planted-median boulevards that winds through the south, west, and north sides of the City of Chicago. The neighborhoods along this historic stretch include, Logan Square, Humboldt Park, Englewood, Back of the Yards, Lawndale, and Bronzeville.[1] It reaches as far west as Garfield Park and turns south east to Douglas Park. In the south, it reaches Washington Park and Jackson Park, including the Midway Plaisance, used for the 1893 World's Fair.[2][3]

History

Incorporated as a city in 1837, Chicago and its developers, confronted questions concerning the provision urban parks and their relation to the city fabric. In 1849, John S. Wright, a real-estate investor, proposed an expansive system of parks connected by drives.[4] The system was authorized by Illinois state legislation in 1869.[5] The original plans foresaw a "ribbon of parks and pleasure drives encircling the city."[4] The landscaped boulevards connecting the parks were themselves conceived as places of leisure activity, parks "spun out".[6]:11[7] While intended as a "unified park and boulevard system", it was to be developed by separate park commissions on the north, west and south sides of the city.[4] A 2011 review describes its vision and realization:

This ambitious 26-mile system was created in response to the belief that it would not only help create healthful, accessible and livable neighborhoods, but would also spur residential real estate development in what was then the outskirts of the city. As anticipated, the park and boulevard system attracted real estate development and in the process created one of the city’s most recognizable and lasting urban features. The system is locally significant because, for the first time in Chicago, urban growth was thoughtfully planned and executed on a city-wide scale. The park and boulevard system not only provided a structure for orderly real estate development, it also provided an amenity that elevated the sophistication of the city by enriching both its visible character and its quality of life.[5]:69

The South Park part of the system was designed by Olmsted, Vaux & Co. The firm's principals, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, designed park and boulevard systems for Boston (its Emerald Necklace), Buffalo, and other cities. This part includes the Midway Plaisance and other areas used in the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893.[5]:64+

The West Chicago part of the system was designed by William Le Baron Jenney.[5]:64+ The north side commission, known as the Lincoln Park Commission, failed in its plan to develop Diversey Parkway as a pleasure drive connection to the other park commissions' boulevard system.[4] Legal action against the Lincoln Park Commission prevented progress until widening Diversey to near Logan Boulevard became impractical.[8]

In 1934, the various park commissions were consolidated into the Chicago Park District.[4] Almost all of the park and boulevard system's construction was completed by 1942.[5]:8[7][9] In 1959, the boulevards were transferred from the Chicago Park District to the City of Chicago.[4] An international architectural-concept competition, Network Reset, awarded prizes in 2011 for "rethinking" the boulevards.[10][11]

Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District

The Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District is a proposed historic district that would encompass most of the Boulevard System. It would extend for 26 miles and include the parks, boulevards, and adjacent building properties.[5]:6 In 2011, the City of Chicago nominated it to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[12]

Part of the system has already been designated, in 1985, as the Logan Square Boulevards Historic District, a linear historic district in the Logan Square community area of North Side, Chicago. It encompasses 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of the city's boulevard system and includes sections of Logan Boulevard, Kedzie Avenue, and Humboldt Boulevard. It also includes two parks, Logan Square and Palmer Square, which connect the boulevards. The Logan Square area boulevards pass through residential areas and are lined with homes in a variety of architectural styles. Four hundred buildings are designated "primary" and 118 are "secondary" contributing buildings in the district.[5]:8 Some of the most common designs are sandstone Romanesque houses, gray stone Victorian houses, and brick buildings with Tudor Revival and Prairie School styles.[6][13][not in citation given]

Also included in the proposed district are several parks already listed on the NRHP:[5]:7 Garfield Park (listed in 1993), Humboldt Park (1992), Jackson Park and the Midway Plaisance (1972), Sherman Park (1990), and Washington Park (2004). The proposed district would add 1,982 "primary" and 348 "secondary" contributing buildings to the National Register.[5]:8

References

  1. ↑ "Biking the Boulevards with Geoffrey Baer", WTTW. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  2. ↑ Midway Plaisance "Biking the Boulevards with Geoffrey Baer", WTTWRetrieved May 18, 2016.
  3. ↑ "Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District" map, City of Chicago. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (has 142 pages, is part 1 of 2, is continued in Part 2 (107 pages))
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (Logan Square Boulevards Historic District is part of the larger system.)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ "Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District", The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ "Historic Preservation – Nomination: Chicago Park Boulevard System Historic District", City of Chicago. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links


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