Communist Party of Chile
| Communist Party of Chile Partido Comunista de Chile |
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| Leader | Guillermo Teillier |
| Founded | January 2, 1922 |
| Headquarters | Vicuña Mackenna 31 Santiago |
| Newspaper | El Siglo |
| Youth wing | Juventudes Comunistas de Chile (JJCC) |
| Coalition | New Majority |
| Membership (2009) | 46,792 (8th)[1] |
| Ideology | Communism, Marxism–Leninism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | Sao Paulo Forum |
| Colours | Red and Yellow |
| Chamber of Deputies |
6 / 120
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| Senate |
0 / 38
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| Party flag | |
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| Website | |
| http://www.pcchile.cl/ | |
| Politics of Chile Political parties Elections |
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The Communist Party of Chile (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Chile) is a Chilean political party inspired by the thoughts of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile (Juventudes Comunistas de Chile [abbr:JJ.CC]).
In the 2013 legislative elections the party won as part of the New Majority list 6 out of 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
History
It achieved congressional representation shortly thereafter and played a leading role in the development of the Chilean labor movement. Closely tied to the Soviet Union and the Third International, the PCCh participated in the Popular Front (Frente Popular) government of 1938, growing rapidly among the unionized working class in the 1940s. It then participated to the Popular Front's successor, the Democratic Alliance.
Concern over the PCCh's success at building a strong electoral base, combined with the onset of the Cold War, led to its being outlawed in 1948 by a Radical government, a status it had to endure for almost a decade until 1958 when it was again legalized. By the 1960s, the party had become a veritable political subculture, with its own symbols and organizations and the support of prominent artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Neruda, the Nobel Prize-winning poet, and Violeta Parra, the songwriter and folk artist.[2] At the time, the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 27 500.[3]
It later came to power along with the Socialist Party in the Unidad Popular ("Popular Unity") coalition in 1970. Within the broad Unidad Popular alliance, the communists sided with Allende, a relative moderate from the Socialist Party, and other more moderate forces of that coalition, supporting more gradual reforms and urging to find a compromise with the Christian Democrats. This line was opposed by more radically leftist factions of the Socialist Party and smaller far-left groups. The party was outlawed after the 1973 coup d'état that deposed President Salvador Allende. Much of the Communist leadership went underground, and for a while the party's moderation continued even after the coup had taken place. Also, it has been argued by Mark Ensalaco[4] that crushing the Communist Party was not a top priority for the military junta. In its first statement after the coup, the party leadership still argued that the coup could succeed because the Unidad Popular was too isolated, due to actions of the 'far-left'. Around 1977, the party changed direction.[5] Communist Party members set up a guerrilla organization, the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front. With the restoration of democracy and the election of a new president in 1990, the Communist Party of Chile was legalized again.
As part of the Popular Unity coalition the PCCh advocated a broad alliance; however, it swung sharply to the left after the 1973 coup, regretting the failure to issue arms to the working class and pursuing an armed struggle against Pinochet's regime. Since the restoration of democracy it has acted independently of its previous partners.
In the 1999/2000 presidential elections the party supported Gladys Marín Millie for the national presidential elections. She won 3.2% of the vote in the first round. At the 2005 legislative election, 11 December 2005, the party won 5.1% of the popular vote, but as a result of Chile's binomial electoral rules, no seats. The small but significant support of the PCCh is believed to have aided in the electoral victories of former socialist president Ricardo Lagos in the 2000 elections, and in the more recent victory of Chile's first female president, the socialist Michelle Bachelet in January 2006, both of whom won in competitive second round runoffs.
Currently, the PCCh is a member of “New Majority” (Spanish: Nueva Mayoría), a leftist coalition led by Michelle Bachelet.
Leaders
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| General Secretary | Tenure | President | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ramón Sepúlveda Leal | 1922–? | Elijah Lafferte | 1956–1961 |
| Luis A. González | ?–? | Dissolved | 1961–2002 |
| Galvarino Gil | ?–? | Gladys Marín | 2002–2005 |
| Maclovio Galdames | ?–? | Guillermo Teillier | 2005–present |
| José Santos Zavala | ?–? | — | — |
| Isaias Iriarte | ?–1929 | — | — |
| Carlos Contreras Labarca | 1931–1946 | — | — |
| Ricardo Fonseca | 1946–1948 | — | — |
| Oyarzun Galo González | 1948–1958 | — | — |
| Luis Corvalán | 1958–1990 | — | — |
| Volodia Teitelboim | 1990–1994 | — | — |
| Gladys Marín | 1994–2002 | — | — |
| Guillermo Teillier | 2002–2005 | — | — |
| Lautaro Carmona | 2005–present | — | — |
Electoral performance
- Keys
- RP = supported a candidate from the Radical Party
- SP = supported a candidate from the Socialist Party
- PU–SP = member of the Popular Unity coalition, supported the candidate from the Socialist Party
- PDC = supported a candidate from the Christian Democratic Party
- Ind = supported an independent candidate
- HP = supported a candidate from the Humanist Party
- NM–SP = member of the New Majority coalition, supported the candidate from the Socialist Party
| Election | Chamber of Deputies | Senate | Presidential | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of votes | % of votes | Seats | No. of votes | % of votes | Seats | Year | Nominee | No. of votes | % of votes | |
| 1918 | 1,548 | 0.64% | 0 | — | — | — | 1920 | Luis Emilio Recabarren | 681 | 0.41 |
| 1921 | 4,814 | 2.16% | 2 | — | — | — | 1925 | José Santos Salas | 74,091 | 28.4 |
| 1924 | 1,212 | 0.49% | 0 | — | — | — | 1927 | None | — | — |
| 1925 | 19,446 | 6.72% | 9 | — | — | — | 1931 | Elías Lafferte | 2,434 | 0.9 |
| 1932 | 3,350 | 1.0% | 1 | — | — | — | 1932 | Elías Lafferte | 4,128 | 1.2 |
| 1937 | 7,543 | 5.1% | 1 | 7,543 | 7.1 | 1 | 1938 | Pedro Aguirre Cerda (RP) | 222,720 | 50.5 |
| 1941 | 65,671 | 14.4% | 17 | 28,449 | 12.2 | 3 | 1942 | Juan Antonio Ríos (RP) | 260,034 | 56.0 |
| 1945 | 46,133 | 10.3% | 15 | 25,708 | 12.8 | 3 | 1946 | Gabriel González Videla (RP) | 192,207 | 40.2 |
| 1961 | 157,572 | 11.8% | 16 | 75,123 | 12.2 | 3 | 1952 | Salvador Allende (SP) | 51,975 | 5.5 |
| 1965 | 290,635 | 12.7% | 18 | — | — | 5 | 1958 | Salvador Allende (SP) | 356,493 | 28.9 |
| 1969 | 383,049 | 16.6% | 22 | 181,488 | 18.0 | 9 | 1964 | Salvador Allende (SP) | 977,902 | 38.9 |
| 1973 | 578,695 | 16.2% | 24 | — | — | 5 | 1970 | Salvador Allende (PU–SP) | 1,070,334 | 36.61 |
| 1993 | 336,034 | 5.0% | 0 | 65,073 | 3.5% | 0 | 1989 | Patricio Aylwin (PDC) | 3,850,571 | 55.17 |
| 1997 | 398,588 | 6.9% | 0 | 357,825 | 8.4% | 0 | 1993 | Eugenio Pizarro (Ind) | 327,402 | 4.70 |
| 2001 | 320,668 | 5.2% | 0 | 45,735 | 2.6% | 0 | 1999 | Gladys Marín | 225,224 | 3.19 |
| 2005 | 339,547 | 5.14% | 0 | 104,687 | 2.19% | 0 | 2005 | Tomás Hirsch (HP) | 375,048 | 5.40 |
| 2009 | 133,718 | 2.02% | 3 | — | — | — | 2009 | Jorge Arrate | 433,195 | 6.21 |
| 2013 | 255,242 | 4.11% | 6 | 6,467 | 0.145 | 0 | 2013 | Michelle Bachelet (NM–SP) | 3,466,358 | 62.15% |
See also
- Communist Youth of Chile
- Luis Emilio Recabarren
- Popular Unity
- Co-ordinating Committee of Communist Parties in Britain
- Juntos PODEMOS Más
- Norte Grande insurrection
References
- ↑ Estadistica de cantidad de afiliados a partidos politicos, al 14/08/2009
- ↑ Chile - The Parties of the Left
- ↑ Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development, in The American Political Science Review, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Mar., 1968), pp. 122.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ [2]
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Communist Party of Chile. |
| Chamber of Deputies |
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| Senate |
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| Unrepresented | |
| Political Coalitions | |
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Notes:12345Numbers denote party membership of Political Coalitions, 1 is for the Nueva Mayoría, 2 is for Chile Vamos, 3 is for If You Want It, Chile Changes, 4 is for New Constitution for Chile, 5 is for Everyone to La Moneda.
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