Coot

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For other uses, see Coot (disambiguation).
Coot
Temporal range: Early Pliocene to present
Eurasian Coot on the Thames.jpg
Eurasian coot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Gruiformes
Family:
Rallidae
Genus:
Fulica
Species

For extinct and prehistoric species, see article text

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Coots are small water birds that are members of the Rallidae (rail) family. They constitute the genus Fulica. Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually easy to see, often swimming in open water. They are close relatives of the moorhen.

Description

Coots have prominent frontal shields or other decoration on the forehead, with red to dark red eyes and coloured bills. Many, but not all, have white on the under tail. The featherless shield gave rise to the expression "as bald as a coot," which the Oxford English Dictionary cites in use as early as 1430. Like other rails, they have long, lobed toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces. Coots have strong legs and can walk and run vigorously. They tend to have short, rounded wings and are weak fliers, though northern species nevertheless can cover long distances.

Distribution and habitat

The greatest species variety occurs in South America, and the genus likely originated there. They are common in Europe and North America.[1] Coot species that migrate do so at night. The American coot has been observed rarely in Britain and Ireland. In southern Louisiana, the duck is referred to by the French name "poule d'eau", which translates into English as "water hen" or "moorhen".[2]

Ecology and behavior

Coots are omnivorous, eating mainly plant material, but also small animals and eggs. They are aggressively territorial during the breeding season, but are otherwise often found in sizeable flocks on the shallow vegetated lakes they prefer.

At least some coots have difficulty feeding a large family of hatchlings on the tiny shrimp and insects that they collect. So after about three days they start attacking their own chicks when they beg for food. After a short while, these attacks concentrate on the weaker chicks, who eventually give up begging and die. The coot may eventually raise only two or three out of nine hatchlings.[3] In this attacking behaviour, the parents are said to "tousle" their young. This can result in the death of the chick.[4]

A group of coots may be referred to as a covert[5] or cover.[6]

Species

Extinct species

Photo gallery

References

  1. ↑ Olson, Storrs L. (1974). "The Pleistocene Rails of North America". Museum of Natural History.
  2. ↑ http://losbird.org/labirds/amco.htm
  3. ↑ Life of Birds, David Attenborough. The Problems of Parenthood. 10:20.
  4. ↑ Clutton-Brock, TH., The Evolution of Parental Care, Princeton University Press, 1991 p. 203.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

 
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