Fed Cup

For other uses, see Federation Cup (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with the FedEx Cup, a men's professional golf championship trophy.

Fed Cup

Current season, competition or edition: 2016 Fed Cup
Sport	Tennis
Founded	1963
No. of teams	8 (World Group) 90 (total 2014)
Countries	ITF member nations
Most recent champion(s)	Czech Republic (9th title)
Most titles	United States (17 titles)
Official website	fedcup.com

Fed Cup is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the International Tennis Federation (ITF). The competition was known as the Federation Cup until 1995. The Fed Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition, in terms of the number of nations that compete.

The men's equivalent of the Fed Cup is the Davis Cup. Australia, Czech Republic and the United States are the only countries that have held both the Fed Cup and Davis Cup at the same time.

History

The idea for the event can be traced back to 1919, when Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman came up with the concept for a women's team competition. When this was rejected, she instead presented a trophy in 1923 for an annual contest between the United States and Great Britain, who were at that time the strongest tennis-playing nations, the Wightman Cup. Nell Hopman, wife of the legendary Australian Davis Cup Captain Harry Hopman, later took up Mrs. Wightman's original idea.

In 1962, when a British resident of the United States, Mary Hardwick Hare, presented a dossier proving that support for such an event was overwhelming, the ITF was persuaded that a team championship played over one week in a different venue each year was a 'good idea'. It had taken 40 years for Wightman’s idea of a women’s Davis Cup to become a reality. Finally in 1963, the ITF launched the Federation Cup to celebrate its 35th anniversary. Open to all nations and not just USA and Great Britain, the much awaited competition became a resounding success.

Played over one week in a different venue each year, the inaugural event attracted 16 countries. The competition was supported by the top players right from the start. Held at the Queen's Club, in London, the first contest between Australia and the United States set the tone with Grand Slam champions Darlene Hard, Billie Jean King, Margaret Smith and Lesley Turner all proudly representing their country on court. Although the United States emerged the champion nation in the opening year, it was to be Australia to show early ascendancy by winning seven of the next eleven annual championships. It was not until around 1980 before the United States was able to establish some significant mark on the competition, collecting, in all, a record 17 titles over the years to 2013.

Petra Kvitová with the trophy for the Fed Cup winners, 2011, Moscow

That first Federation Cup had attracted entries from 16 teams, a respectable number considering that there was no prize money and teams had to meet their own expenses. Sponsorship would later enable this number to expand dramatically, first by the Colgate Group in 1976, and, from 1981 to 1994 by the Japanese communications and computer giant NEC. By 1994, 73 nations competed, and the host nation of a Federation Cup week was now required to build a special tennis complex, giving rise to what became known as the Federation Cup "legacy." In addition to the kudos of showcasing the premier international women's team competition, nations viewed their involvement as providing an unprecedented opportunity for their national game to develop.

The rise in entries led to the creation of regional qualifying competitions in 1992 and, subsequently in 1995, the Federation Cup adopted a new format and shortened its name to the Fed Cup. Having seen the great success that the home-and-away format had achieved in Davis Cup, the format for the Fed Cup was changed in 1995 so that women, as well as men, could play for their country in their country. While the format has been adjusted several times since 1995, the current format, introduced in 2005, incorporates an eight Nation World Group I and eight nation World Group II playing both home-and-away over three weekends throughout the year.

Format

Tournament

While many nations enter the Fed Cup each year, only 16 countries qualify for the elite World Group and World Group II each year (eight in World Group and eight in World Group II).

They reach World Group and World Group II as follows:

(a) World Group - the four nations that win their World Group first round tie remain in the World Group for the following year. First round losers contest the World Group Play-offs against the four winning nations from World Group II to determine relegation/promotion for the following year's competition. (The four nations that win World Group Play-offs will be in the World Group the following year, while the four losers will start the following year in World Group II.)

(b) World Group II - the four nations that win their World Group II ties will compete in the World Group I Play-Offs to determine relegation/promotion for the following year, as described above. Similarly the four nations that lose their World Group II ties will face winning nations from Group I Zonal competitions, in the World Group II Play-offs, to determine relegation/promotion. (The four nations that win their World Group II Play-offs will be in World Group II the following year, while the four losers will begin the next year in Group I Zonal events.)

Once in the World Group or World Group II, four nations will be seeded in each. The decision as to which nations will be seeded is made by the Fed Cup Committee, according to the ITF Fed Cup Nations Ranking.

At the levels below the World Group and World Group II, the Fed Cup nations compete in Zonal Competition events, which are split into three zones: The Americas Zone, the Asia/Oceania Zone and the Europe/Africa Zone. In each zone there are two groups, Group I being the higher and Group II the lower, except for the Europe/Africa Zone, which also has a Group III.

Within the Group zonal regions, teams are split into pools and play against each other in a round robin format. The exact format of each Group event, and promotion and relegation between them, varies according to the number of participating teams. Two teams are always promoted from Europe/Africa Group I to that year's World Group II Play-Offs, while one team each go to the World Group II Play-Offs from Americas Group I and Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.

Current structure

This structure has been implemented since 2015.

Level	Group(s)
1	World Group I 8 countries
	World Group I Playoff 4 countries from World Group I + 4 countries from World Group II
2	World Group II 8 countries
	World Group II Playoff 4 countries from World Group II + 2 countries from Group One Euro/African Zone + 1 country from Group One Americas Zone + 1 country from Group One Asia/Oceania Zone
3	Group One American Zone 7 countries	Group One Euro/African Zone 16 countries	Group One Asia/Oceania Zone 8 countries
4	Group Two American Zone 12 countries	Group Two Euro/African Zone 8 countries	Group Two Asia/Oceania Zone 11 countries
5		Group Three Euro/African Zone 13 countries

Ties

In World Group and World Group II, and World Group and World Group II Play-Off ties, each tie is contested in a best of five matches format, and is played across two days. On the first day there are two singles matches, and then the reverse singles matches take place on the following day. The final match is a doubles.

In Zonal Groups I, II and III, ties are played over the best of three matches (two singles and a doubles).

The First Round Ties in the World Group and World Group II are played on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in the early part of the year.

World Group Semifinals and Final are played over on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in July (Semifinals) and September (Final).

Play-Off ties for World Group and World Group II will also be played on a home and away knock-out basis taking place in July.

The choice of ground for First Round, Semifinals and Play-Off ties is decided by lot or goes automatically to one of the competing nations.

As Groups I, II and III are played in a round robin format in all three zones, each event takes place at a single venue over one week. These are held in the first half of the year (to allow promotion of teams to the World Group II Play-Off ties in the second half of the year), and dates and venues are decided by the Fed Cup Committee.

Records and statistics

Performance by team

Country	Years won	Runners-up
United States	1963, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1996, 1999, 2000 (17)	1964, 1965, 1974, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2003, 2009, 2010 (11)
Czechoslovakia Czech Republic	1975, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015 (9)	1986 (1)
Australia	1964, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1974 (7)	1963, 1969, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1984, 1993 (10)
Spain	1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998 (5)	1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2008 (6)
Soviet Union Russia	2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 (4)	1988, 1990, 1999, 2001, 2011, 2013, 2015 (7)
Italy	2006, 2009, 2010, 2013 (4)	2007 (1)
West Germany Germany	1987, 1992 (2)	1966, 1970, 1982, 1983, 2014 (5)
France	1997, 2003 (2)	2004, 2005 (2)
South Africa	1972 (1)	1973 (1)
Belgium	2001 (1)	2006 (1)
Slovakia	2002 (1)	(0)
Great Britain	(0)	1967, 1971, 1972, 1981 (4)
Netherlands	(0)	1968, 1997 (2)
Switzerland	(0)	1998 (1)
Serbia	(0)	2012 (1)

Fed Cup Champions

Team records

• Consecutive titles
  • All-time: 7, United States, 1976–1982

• Consecutive finals appearances
  • All-time: 8, Australia, 1973–1980

• Most number of games in a tie
  • All-time: 172, France 4–1 Japan, 1997 World Group first round

• Years present in World Group

1. USA 50
2. France 50
3. Italy 47
4. Germany 45
5. Belgium 42
6. Australia 41
7. Spain 40
8. Czech Republic 38
9. Switzerland 35
10. Netherlands 33
11. Argentina 33
12. Japan 33
13. Russia 33
14. Canada 32
15. Great Britain 31
16. Austria 31
17. Sweden 29
18. Denmark 26
19. New Zealand 23
20. Indonesia 22
21. South Africa 20
22. Brazil 19
23. South Korea 19
24. Israel 19
25. Mexico 18
26. Hungary 18
27. Norway 17
28. Yugoslavia 17
29. Bulgaria 17
30. Greece 16
31. China 16
32. Poland 14
33. Ireland 12
34. Romania 12
35. Luxembourg 10
36. Finland 10
37. Chinese Taipei 9
38. Chile 9
39. Slovakia 9
40. Uruguay 8
41. Croatia 7
42. Philippines 6
43. Portugal 6
44. Hong Kong 5
45. Peru 5
46. Colombia 5
47. Thailand 4
48. Paraguay 3
49. Serbia 3
50. Latvia 2
51. Slovenia 2
52. Ukraine 2
53. Morocco 1
54. Ecuador 1
55. Iran 1
56. Venezuela 1
57. Egypt 1
58. Malta 1
59. Dominican Republic 1
60. Belarus 1

Individual records

• Youngest player
  • Denise Panagopoulou; Greece; 12 years, 360 days¹
• Oldest player
  • Gill Butterfield; Bermuda; 52 years, 162 days
• Most rubbers played
  • 100, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
• Most ties played
  • 74, Anne Kremer, Luxembourg
• Most rubbers won
  • Total: 72, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
  • Singles: 50, Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spain
  • Doubles: 38, Larisa Neiland, Soviet Union/Latvia

¹Players must now be aged 14 and over

Heart Award

It aims to recognise players who have represented their country with distinction, shown exceptional courage on court and demonstrated outstanding commitment to the team during Fed Cup by BNP Paribas.

Year	Winner
2009	Melanie Oudin

Year	World Group SF	WG / WG II play-offs	WG / WG II R1	Americas ZG I	Asia/Oceania ZG I	Europe/Africa ZG I
2010	Francesca Schiavone	Yanina Wickmayer	Jelena Janković	Maria Fernanda Alves	Kimiko Date-Krumm	Katarina Srebotnik
2011	Petra Kvitová	Andrea Petkovic	Bojana Jovanovski	Bianca Botto	Ayumi Morita	Victoria Azarenka
2012	Jelena Janković		Daniela Hantuchová	Catalina Castaño	Li Na	Sofia Arvidsson
2013	Sara Errani		Daniela Hantuchová	Paula Cristina Gonçalves	Galina Voskoboeva	Agnieszka Radwańska
2014	Andrea Petkovic		Agnieszka Radwańska	Teliana Pereira	Sabina Sharipova	Simona Halep
2015	Lucie Šafářová	Flavia Pennetta	Irina-Camelia Begu	Verónica Cepede Royg	Tamarine Tanasugarn	Çağla Büyükakçay

Current rankings

For more information, see ITF Rankings

Top 25 Rankings as of November 16, 2015
Rank	Change	Team	Points
1		Czech Republic	32,980.00
2		Russia	18,145.00
3		Italy	15,580.00
4		Germany	13,840.00
5		France	7,817.50
6		Netherlands	5,922.50
7		Romania	5,912.50
8		Switzerland	5,675.00
9		Australia	5,122.50
10		Serbia	4,870.00
11		Poland	4,187.50
12		Canada	4,182.50
13		Slovakia	4,127.50
14		United States	3,587.50
15		Belarus	3,265.00
16		Spain	2,975.00
17	1	Paraguay	2,433.75
18	1	Argentina	2,382.50
19	1	Brazil	2,282.50
20	3	Japan	2,197.50
21		Sweden	2,192.50
22		Kazakhstan	2,120.00
23		Great Britain	1,845.00
24		Thailand	1,825.00
25		Croatia	1,730.00

See also

• List of Fed Cup champions
• International Tennis Federation
• Davis Cup
• Hopman Cup
• Wightman Cup

External links

• Official Fed Cup website