Grigori Sokolnikov
| Grigori Sokolnikov | |
|---|---|
Grigori Sokolnikov (1888-1939)
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| People's Commissar for Finance of the USSR | |
| In office 6 July 1923 – 16 January 1926 |
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| Premier | Vladimir Lenin (until 1924) Alexei Rykov |
| Preceded by | None—post created |
| Succeeded by | Nikolai Bryukhanov |
| People's Commissar for Finance of the RSFSR | |
| In office 22 November 1922 – 6 July 1923 |
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| Premier | Vladimir Lenin |
| Preceded by | Nikolay Krestinsky |
| Succeeded by | Myron K. Vladimirov |
| Full member of the 6th, 7th Bureau | |
| In office 11 March – 25 March 1919 |
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| In office 10 October 1917 – 29 July 1918 |
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| Candidate member of the 13th Politburo | |
| In office 2 June 1924 – 1 January 1926 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | 15 August 1888 Romny, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Verkhneuralsk, Tyumen Oblast, Soviet Union |
| Political party | All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks) |
| Alma mater | Saint Petersburg State University |
Grigori Yakovlovich Sokolnikov (Russian: Григорий Яковлевич Сокольников; 1888–1939) was a Russian old Bolshevik revolutionary, economist, and Soviet politician.
Biography
Grigori Sokolnikov was born Girsh Yankelovich Brilliant (Гирш Я́нкелевич Бриллиа́нт) to a railway doctor in Romny on 15 August [O.S. 3 August] 1888. Sokolnikov was Jewish by birth.[1] He moved to Moscow as a teenager and joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905. He served time in prison and studied economics whilst at the Sorbonne.
He returned to Russia in April 1917 along with Vladimir Lenin in the 'sealed train', and on arriving in Russia became part of the editorial board of the Bolsheviks' central party organ.[2]
Grigori Sokolnikov was a member of the first Politburo, with seven members: Lenin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky, Stalin, Sokolnikov and Bubnov.[3] After the October Revolution, he held various government positions. He was a member of the delegation for peace negotiations with Germany (he replaced Leon Trotsky as chairman, and signed the Brest-Litovsk treaty in 1918). Later, alongside Rosalia Zemlyachka, he became commissar of the Eighth army, using this position to order mass shootings during the Russian Civil War.[4] He was appointed People's Commissar of Finance following the introduction of the New Economic Policy and became a candidate member of the Politburo of the Communist Party in May 1924. According to Boris Bajanov, as minister of finance Sokolnikov proved himself to be a capable administrator, accomplishing every task he was asked to do, such as creating the first stable Soviet currency. Bajanov also notes that despite Sokolnikov's past in the Red Army, he was not ruthless in his personality. Privately, Sokolnikov lost faith in the Soviet Union under Stalin and later described the Soviet economy as "state capitalist".[5] He was removed from his position in the Sovnarkom (Council of People's Commissars) and demoted from the Politburo after calling for Joseph Stalin's removal as General Secretary of the Communist Party at the Fourteenth Congress of the Bolsheviks in December 1925. Sokolnikov was appointed instead as vice-chairman of Gosplan, the new economic planning agency (an appointment that carried cruel irony since Sokolnikov himself was a bitter opponent of heavy-handed centralized planning) and later as head of an oil company. He was the Soviet ambassador to England from 1929 to 1932.
During the Great Purge, Sokolnikov was arrested in 1937 and tried at the Trial of the Seventeen. He was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment. Reportedly, he was killed in a prison by other convicts on 21 May 1939. A post-Stalin investigation during the Khrushchev Thaw revealed that the murder was orchestrated by the NKVD. In 1988, during perestroika, he was rehabilitated along with many other victims of the Great Purge.
References
- ↑ http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_s/sokolnikov_g.php
- ↑ Trotsky, L. 'A New Moscow Amalgam' in "Writings of Leon Trotsky (1936-37)", pg.120, Pathfinder, New York
- ↑ Dmitri Volkogonov, Lenin. A New Biography, translated and edited by Harold Shukman (New York: The Free Press, 1994), p. 185.
- ↑ Boris Bajanov, Bajanov révèle Staline, Gallimard, 1979
- ↑ http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1925/12/18.htm
- Soviet Policy in Public Finance, 1917–1928, by Gregory Y. Sokolnikov & Associates; translated by Elena Varneck, edited by Lincoln Hutchinson & Carl C. Plehn. Stanford University Press. 1931.
External links
- Grigory Sokolnikov Archive, part of Marxists Internet Archive.
- Grigorii Yakovlevich Sokolnikov and the development of the Soviet state, 1921–1929
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | People's Commissar for Finance 1922–1926 |
Succeeded by Nikolai Bryukhanov |
| Head of Finance |
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| Deputy heads of Finance (1946–1992) |
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| People's Commissars for Finance (1917–1946) |
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| Ministers of Finance (1946–1991) |
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- Articles containing Russian-language text
- 1888 births
- 1939 deaths
- People from Romny Raion
- People from Poltava Governorate
- Soviet Jews
- Ukrainian Jews
- Old Bolsheviks
- Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union candidate members
- Soviet Ministers of Finance
- Bolshevik finance
- Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United Kingdom
- Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- University of Paris alumni
- Trial of the Seventeen
- Great Purge victims from Ukraine
- Jewish people executed by the Soviet Union
- Soviet rehabilitations
