From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Judaeo-Spanish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
| Consonants |
| IPA |
Aki Yerushalayim Orthography |
Examples |
English approximation |
| b[1] |
b |
boz |
best |
| β[1][2] |
b |
arabo |
between baby and bevy |
| d[1] |
d |
dubio |
do |
| ð[1] |
d |
ladino |
this |
| dʒ |
dj |
djudio |
hedge |
| f |
f |
fazer |
fan |
| ɡ[1] |
g |
golor |
gate |
| ɣ[1] |
g |
grego |
roughly like go, but without completely blocking air flow on the g |
| k |
k |
kaji |
can |
| l |
l |
lonso |
leaf |
| m[3] |
m |
merkar |
much |
| n[3] |
n |
nono |
not |
| ɲ[3] |
ny |
anyada |
roughly like canyon |
| ŋ[3] |
n |
lingua |
sing |
| p |
p |
pishin |
pan |
| r[4] |
r, rr |
ridoma |
trilled r |
| ɾ[4] |
r |
para |
ladder (American English) |
| s |
s |
safaronya |
sue |
| ʃ |
sh |
shukur |
shoe |
| t |
t |
tanyer |
table |
| tʃ |
ch |
chapines |
choose |
| v |
v |
vava |
van |
| x |
h |
hazino |
Bach (German) |
| z |
z |
zor |
zoo |
| ʒ |
j |
fijo |
vision |
|
| Vowels |
| IPA |
Aki Yerushalayim Orthography |
Examples |
English approximation |
| a |
a |
alhad |
fathwe |
| e |
e |
echar |
bell |
| i |
i |
ishalla |
feel |
| o |
o |
otro |
law |
| u |
u |
uniko |
moon |
| Semiconsonants |
| IPA |
Aki Yerushalayim Orthography |
Examples |
English approximation |
| j |
y, i |
yelado |
yell |
| w |
u |
guardar |
wine |
| Stress |
| IPA |
Examples |
English approximation |
| ˈ |
sivdad [sivˈðað] |
domain |
|
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Like in Spanish, /b/, /d/ and /ɡ/ are fricatives or approximants ([β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞]; represented here without the undertacks) in all places except after a pausa, after an /n/ or /m/, or—in the case of /d/ —after an /l/, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɡ], similar to English b, d, g, except that they are fully voiced in all positions, unlike their English counterparts.
- ↑ Some speakers pronounce [β] as [v].
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Like in Spanish, the nasal consonants /n, m, ɲ/ only contrast before vowels. Before consonants, they assimilate to the consonant's place of articulation. This is partially reflected in the orthography. Except in loanwords and proper nouns, only /n/ (that may also be produced as [ŋ] or nasalization of the preceding vowel, depending on dialect) occurs at the end of a word.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Like in Spanish, the rhotic consonants /ɾ/ ‹r› and /r/ ‹rr› only contrast between vowels. Otherwise, they are in complementary distribution as ‹r›, with [r] occurring word-initially, after /l/, /n/, and /s/, and also represented here as before consonants, and word-finally (positions in which they vary); only [ɾ] is found elsewhere.
