Hieracium lachenalii

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Hieracium lachenalii
File:Hawkweed 2007-5.jpg
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Genus:
Hieracium
Species:
H. lachenalii
Binomial name
Hieracium lachenalii
Suter 1802 not C.C.Gmel. 1808[1]
File:Range of Hieracium lachenalii-World.svg
Hieracium lachenalii distribution
Synonyms[2]
Synonymy
  • ieracium acuminatum Jord.
  • Hieracium anfractum (Fr.) Fr.
  • Hieracium argillaceoides (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium argillaceum Jord.
  • Hieracium asyngamicum Borbás
  • Hieracium aurulentum Boreau
  • Hieracium aviicola Boreau
  • Hieracium strumosum (W.R.Linton) Ley
  • Hieracium cebennense Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium chenopodioides Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium cheriense Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium chlorophyllum Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium cladophorum (Vuk.) B.D.Jacks.
  • Hieracium consociatum Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium amitsokense (Almq.) Dahlst. ex Omang
  • Hieracium cruentifolium Dahlst. & lubeck. ex Dahlst. & Lübeck
  • Hieracium groenlandicum Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium ivigtutense (Almq.) Omang
  • Hieracium scholanderi Omang
  • Hieracium sylowi Omang
  • Hieracium vulgatiforme Dahlst.
  • Hieracium vulgatum Fr.
  • Hieracium dalicum Johanss.
  • Hieracium borodinianum Üksip
  • Hieracium deductum Sudre
  • Hieracium jaccardii Zahn
  • Hieracium latebrosum Boreau
  • Hieracium medioximum Boreau
  • Hieracium epichlorum (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium erythropodum R.Uechtr.
  • Hieracium euchlorum (Murr & Zahn) Prain
  • Hieracium fastigiatum Fr.
  • Hieracium festinum Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium umbraticola Boreau
  • Hieracium frondosiforme (Zahn) Prain
  • Hieracium punctillaticeps Johanss.
  • Hieracium garckeanum Asch.
  • Hieracium hypopitys (Litv. & Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium irriguiceps (Zahn) Schljakov
  • Hieracium euirriguum (Zahn) Schljakov
  • Hieracium irriguum (Fr.) Dahlst.
  • Hieracium juratzkanum (Zahn) Schljakov
  • Hieracium lepidiceps (Dahlst.) Prain
  • Hieracium lortetiae Balb.
  • Hieracium macrophyllopodum (Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium mertinii C.C.Gmel.
  • Hieracium nemophilum Boreau
  • Hieracium querceticola Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium obscuriceps (Dahlst.) Prain
  • Hieracium subobscuriceps (Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium paucifoliatum Boreau
  • Hieracium meridionale Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium neopinnatifidum Pugsley
  • Hieracium percissum Jord. ex Boreau
  • Hieracium pinnatifidum (Dahlst.) Lönnr. ex Dahlst.
  • Hieracium finitimum Boreau
  • Hieracium pseudodiaphanum (Dahlst.) Johanss.
  • Hieracium valmierense Üksip
  • Hieracium pseudoramosum Schur
  • Hieracium rudicaule Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium stipatiforme (Dahlst.) Dahlst.
  • Hieracium subampliatum (Dahlst.) Dahlst.
  • Hieracium subaustrinum Keld & Wiinst.
  • Hieracium subhastulatum (Zahn) Üksip
  • Hieracium stipatum T.Durand & B.D.Jacks.
  • Hieracium subirriguum (Dahlst.) Dahlst.
  • Hieracium subviriduliceps (Zahn) Schljakov
  • Hieracium tenuicaule Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium torticaule Arv.-Touv.
  • Hieracium tortifolium Boreau
  • Hieracium truncipilum (Thaisz & Zahn) Schljakov
  • Hieracium almquistianum Johanss.
  • Hieracium subviolascens P.D.Sell
  • plus many more names at level of subspecies

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Hieracium lachenalii also known as common hawkweed or yellow hawkweed is a species of plants in the dandelion tribe within the sunflower family. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America. The species was widely known for many years as H. vulgatum[3] but more recent studies indicated that the two names represented the same species. The name H. lachenalii was coined in 1802,[4] H. vulgatum in 1819,[5] so the older name is to be used.[6]

Description

This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (90 cm) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5 inches (12 centimeters) long and taper with teeth towards the base.[7] Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets[8][9] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[8] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[9]

The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[7]

Common names

  • Croatian: Obična runjika
  • German: Gewöhnliches Habichtskraut, Lachenals Habichtskraut
  • English: Common Hawkweed, Yellow Hawkweed
  • French: Epervière de Lachenal
  • Italian: Sparviere comune
  • Latvian: Jakarda mauraga
  • Serbian: Maslačak
  • Slovene: Lachenalova škržolica, Navadna škržolica
  • Russian: Ястребинка Жаккара[10]
  • Dutch: Gewoon havikskruid
  • Welsh: Heboglys

Distribution and habitat

Native to most of Europe,[10] Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to cooler parts of North America,[11] and to Australia.[8] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[12]

Europe

Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Channel Islands, Republic of Croatia, Corsica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Republic of Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Principality of Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, Norway, Republic of Poland, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City, and various oblasts of Russia:

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5

and its autonomous republics:

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4

[10] and Portugal.[13]

North America

Subarctic America: Greenland.[14]

Canada: British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec.[14]

United States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin.[14]

150px150px150px150px
Distribution maps of Hieracium lachenalii.

References

  1. ↑ Tropicos, search for Hieracium lachenalii
  2. ↑ The Plant List, Hieracium lachenalii Suter
  3. ↑ Flora of North America, Hieracium vulgatum Fries, 1819.
  4. ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium lachenalii
  5. ↑ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium vulgatum
  6. ↑ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

  • Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Hieracium lachenalii at Wikispecies
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