ISO 8583

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ISO 8583 Financial transaction card originated messages — Interchange message specifications is the International Organization for Standardization standard for systems that exchange electronic transactions made by cardholders using payment cards. It has three parts:

  • Part 1: Messages, data elements and code values[1]
  • Part 2: Application and registration procedures for Institution Identification Codes (IIC)[2]
  • Part 3: Maintenance procedures for messages, data elements and code values[3]

Introduction

A card-based transaction typically travels from a transaction acquiring device, such as a point-of-sale terminal or an automated teller machine (ATM), through a series of networks, to a card issuing system for authorization against the card holder's account. The transaction data contains information derived from the card (e.g., the account number), the terminal (e.g., the merchant number), the transaction (e.g., the amount), together with other data which may be generated dynamically or added by intervening systems. The card issuing system will either authorize or decline the transaction and generate a response message which must be delivered back to the terminal within a predefined time period.

ISO 8583 defines a message format and a communication flow so that different systems can exchange these transaction requests and responses. The vast majority of transactions made at ATMs use ISO 8583 at some point in the communication chain, as do transactions made when a customer uses a card to make a payment in a store (EFTPOS). In particular, both the MasterCard and Visa networks base their authorization communications on the ISO 8583 standard, as do many other institutions and networks. ISO 8583 has no routing information, so is sometimes used with a TPDU header.

Cardholder-originated transactions include purchase, withdrawal, deposit, refund, reversal, balance inquiry, payments and inter-account transfers. ISO 8583 also defines system-to-system messages for secure key exchanges, reconciliation of totals, and other administrative purposes.

Although ISO 8583 defines a common standard, it is not typically used directly by systems or networks. It defines many standard fields (data elements) which remain the same in all systems or networks, and leaves a few additional fields for passing network specific details. These fields are used by each network to adapt the standard for its own use with custom fields and custom usages.

The placements of fields in different versions of the standard varies; for example, the currency elements of the 1987 and 1993 versions are no longer used in the 2003 version, which holds currency as a sub-element of any financial amount element. As of writing, ISO 8583:2003 has yet to achieve wide acceptance.

An ISO 8583 message is made of the following parts:

  • Message type indicator (MTI)
  • One or more bitmaps, indicating which data elements are present
  • Data elements, the fields of the message

Message type indicator

This is a 4 digit numeric field which classifies the high level function of the message. A message type indicator includes the ISO 8583 version, the Message Class, the Message Function and the Message Origin, each described briefly in the following sections. The following example (MTI 0110) lists what each digit indicates:

  0xxx -> version of ISO 8583 (1987 version)
  x1xx -> class of the Message (Authorization Message)
  xx1x -> function of the Message (Request Response)
  xxx0 -> who began the communication (Acquirer)

ISO 8583 version

Position one of the MTI specifies the versions of the ISO 8583 standard which is being used to transmit the message.

Position Meaning
0xxx ISO 8583-1:1987 version
1xxx ISO 8583-1:1993 version
2xxx ISO 8583-1:2003 version
3xxx Reserved for ISO use
4xxx Reserved for ISO use
5xxx Reserved for ISO use
6xxx Reserved for ISO use
7xxx Reserved for ISO use
8xxx Reserved for National use
9xxx Reserved for Private use

Message class

Position two of the MTI specifies the overall purpose of the message.

Position Meaning Usage
x0xx Reserved by ISO
x1xx Authorization message Determine if funds are available, get an approval but do not post to account for reconciliation, Dual Message System (DMS), awaits file exchange for posting to account
x2xx Financial messages Determine if funds are available, get an approval and post directly to the account, Single Message System (SMS), no file exchange after this
x3xx File Actions Message Used for hot-card, TMS and other exchanges
x4xx Reversal and Chargeback Messages Reversal (x4x0 or x4x1):Reverses the action of a previous authorization. Chargeback (x4x2 or x4x3): Charges back a previously cleared financial message.
x5xx Reconciliation Message Transmits settlement information message
x6xx Administrative Message Transmits administrative advice. Often used for failure messages (e.g. message reject or failure to apply)
x7xx Fee Collection Messages
x8xx Network Management Message Used for secure key exchange, logon, echo test and other network functions
x9xx Reserved by ISO

Message function

Position three of the MTI specifies the message function which defines how the message should flow within the system. Requests are end-to-end messages (e.g., from acquirer to issuer and back with timeouts and automatic reversals in place), while advices are point-to-point messages (e.g., from terminal to acquirer, from acquirer to network, from network to issuer, with transmission guaranteed over each link, but not necessarily immediately).

Position Meaning
xx0x Request
xx1x Request response
xx2x Advice
xx3x Advice Response
xx4x Notification
xx5x Notification Acknowledgement
xx6x Instruction (ISO 8583:2003 only)
xx7x Instruction Acknowledgement (ISO 8583:2003 only)
xx8x Reserved for ISO use. (Some implementations use for Response acknowledgment)
xx9x Reserved for ISO use. (Some implementations use for Negative acknowledgment)

Message origin

Position four of the MTI defines the location of the message source within the payment chain.

Position Meaning
xxx0 Acquirer
xxx1 Acquirer Repeat
xxx2 Issuer
xxx3 Issuer Repeat
xxx4 Other
xxx5 Other Repeat

Examples

Bearing each of the above four positions in mind, an MTI will completely specify what a message should do, and how it is to be transmitted around the network. Unfortunately, not all ISO 8583 implementations interpret the meaning of an MTI in the same way. However, a few MTIs are relatively standard:

MTI Meaning Usage
0100 Authorization Request Request from a point-of-sale terminal for authorization for a cardholder purchase
0110 Request Response Request response to a point-of-sale terminal for authorization for a cardholder purchase
0120 Authorization Advice When the Point of Sale device breaks down and you have to sign a voucher
0121 Authorisation Advice Repeat If the advice times out
0130 Issuer Response to Authorization Advice Confirmation of receipt of authorization advice
0200 Acquirer Financial Request Request for funds, typically from an ATM or pinned point-of-sale device
0210 Issuer Response to Financial Request Issuer response to request for funds
0220 Acquirer Financial Advice e.g. Checkout at a hotel. Used to complete transaction initiated with authorization request
0221 Acquirer Financial Advice repeat If the advice times out
0230 Issuer Response to Financial Advice Confirmation of receipt of financial advice
0320 Batch Upload File Update/Transfer Advice
0330 Batch Upload Response File Update/Transfer Advice Response
0400 Acquirer Reversal Request Reverses a transaction
0420 Acquirer Reversal Advice Advises that a reversal has taken place
0421 Acquirer Reversal Advice Repeat Message If the reversal times out
0430 Issuer Reversal Response Confirmation of receipt of reversal advice
0500 Batch Settlement request Card Acceptor Reconciliation Request
0510 Batch Settlement response Card Acceptor Reconciliation Request Response
0800 Network Management Request Hypercom terminals initialize request. Echo test, logon, log off etc.
0810 Network Management Response Hypercom terminals initialize response. Echo test, logon, log off etc.
0820 Network Management Advice Keychange

Processing Code

The following is a table specifying the message type and processing code for each transaction type.

Transaction Message Type Processing Code
Authorization 0100 00 a0 0x
Balance Inquiry 0100 31 a0 0x
Sale 0200 00 a0 0x
Cash 0200 01 a0 0x
Void 0200 02 a0 0x
Mobile Topup 0200 57 a0 0x

Response code

The following table shows response codes and their meanings.[4]

Code Meaning
00 Successful approval/completion or that V.I.P. PIN verification is valid
01 Refer to card issuer
02 Refer to card issuer, special condition
03 Invalid merchant or service provider
04 Pickup card
05 Do not honor
06 Error
07 Pickup card, special condition (other than lost/stolen card)
10 Partial Approval
11 V.I.P. approval
12 Invalid transaction
13 Invalid amount (currency conversion field overflow) or amount exceeds maximum for card program
14 Invalid account number (no such number)
15 No such issuer
19 Re-enter transaction
21 No action taken (unable to back out prior transaction)
25 Unable to locate record in file, or account number is missing from the inquiry
28 File is temporarily unavailable
41 Pickup card (lost card)
43 Pickup card (stolen card)
51 Insufficient funds
52 No checking account
53 No savings account
54 Expired card
55 Incorrect PIN
57 Transaction not permitted to cardholder
58 Transaction not allowed at terminal
59 Suspected fraud
61 Activity amount limit exceeded
62 Restricted card (for example, in Country Exclusion table)
63 Security violation
65 Activity count limit exceeded
75 Allowable number of PIN-entry tries exceeded
76 Unable to locate previous message (no match on Retrieval Reference number)
77 Previous message located for a repeat or reversal, but repeat or reversal data are inconsistent with original message
78 ’Blocked, first used’—The transaction is from a new cardholder, and the card has not been properly unblocked.
80 Visa transactions: credit issuer unavailable. Private label and check acceptance: Invalid date
81 PIN cryptographic error found (error found by VIC security module during PIN decryption)
82 Negative CAM, dCVV, iCVV, or CVV results
83 Unable to verify PIN
85 No reason to decline a request for account number verification, address verification, CVV2 verification, or a credit voucher or merchandise return
91 Issuer unavailable or switch inoperative (STIP not applicable or available for this transaction)
92 Destination cannot be found for routing
93 Transaction cannot be completed, violation of law
96 System malfunction, System malfunction or certain field error conditions
B1 Surcharge amount not permitted on Visa cards (U.S. acquirers only)
N0 Force STIP
N3 Cash service not available
N4 Cashback request exceeds issuer limit
N7 Decline for CVV2 failure
P2 Invalid biller information
P5 PIN Change/Unblock request declined
P6 Unsafe PIN
Q1 Card Authentication failed
R0 Stop Payment Order
R1 Revocation of Authorization Order
R3 Revocation of All Authorizations Order
XA Forward to issuer
XD Forward to issuer
Z3 Unable to go online

Bitmaps

Within ISO 8583, a bitmap is a field or subfield within a message which indicates which other data elements or data element subfields may be present elsewhere in a message.

A message will contain at least one bitmap, called the Primary Bitmap which indicates which of Data Elements 1 to 64 are present. A secondary bitmap may also be present, generally as data element one and indicates which of data elements 65 to 128 are present. Similarly, a tertiary, or third, bitmap can be used to indicate the presence or absence of fields 129 to 192, although these data elements are rarely used.

The bitmap may be transmitted as 8 bytes of binary data, or as 16 hexadecimal characters 0-9, A-F in the ASCII or EBCDIC character sets.

A field is present only when the specific bit in the bitmap is true. For example, byte '82x is binary '1000 0010' which means fields 1 and 7 are present in the message and fields 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 are not present.

Examples -----

Bitmap Defines presence of
4210001102C04804 Fields 2, 7, 12, 28, 32, 39, 41, 42, 50, 53, 62
7234054128C28805 Fields 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 14, 22, 24, 26, 32, 35, 37, 41, 42, 47, 49, 53, 62, 64
8000000000000001 Fields 1, 64
0000000000000003
(secondary bitmap)		 Fields 127, 128

Explanation of Bitmap (8 BYTE Primary Bitmap = 64 Bit) field 4210001102C04804
BYTE1 : 0100 0010 = 42x (counting from the left, the second and seventh bits are 1, indicating that fields 2 and 7 are present)
BYTE2 : 0001 0000 = 10x (field 12 is present)
BYTE3 : 0000 0000 = 00x (no fields present)
BYTE4 : 0001 0001 = 11x (fields 28 and 32 are present)
BYTE5 : 0000 0010 = 02x (field 39 is present)
BYTE6 : 1100 0000 = C0x (fields 41 and 42 are present)
BYTE7 : 0100 1000 = 48x (fields 50 and 53 are present)
BYTE8 : 0000 0100 = 04x (field 62 is present)

0________10________20________30________40________50________60__64
1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234  n-th bit
0100001000010000000000000001000100000010110000000100100000000100  bit map

Fields present in the above variable length message record:
2-7-12-28-32-39-41-42-50-53-62

Data elements

Data elements are the individual fields carrying the transaction information. There are up to 128 data elements specified in the original ISO 8583:1987 standard, and up to 192 data elements in later releases. The 1993 revision added new definitions, deleted some, while leaving the message format itself unchanged.

While each data element has a specified meaning and format, the standard also includes some general purpose data elements and system- or country-specific data elements which vary enormously in use and form from implementation to implementation.

Each data element is described in a standard format which defines the permitted content of the field (numeric, binary, etc.) and the field length (variable or fixed), according to the following table:

Abbreviation Meaning
a Alpha, including blanks
n Numeric values only
s Special characters only
an Alphanumeric
as Alpha & special characters only
ns Numeric and special characters only
ans Alphabetic, numeric and special characters.
b Binary data
z Tracks 2 and 3 code set as defined in ISO/IEC 7813 and ISO/IEC 4909 respectively
. or .. or ... variable field length indicator, each . indicating a digit.
x or xx or xxx fixed length of field or maximum length in the case of variable length fields.

Additionally, each field may be either fixed or variable length. If variable, the length of the field will be preceded by a length indicator.

Type Meaning
Fixed no field length used
LLVAR or (..xx) Where LL < 100, means two leading digits LL specify the field length of field VAR
LLLVAR or (...xxx) Where LLL < 1000, means three leading digits LLL specify the field length of field VAR
LL and LLL are hex or ASCII. A VAR field can be compressed or ASCII depending of the data element type. LL can be 1 or 2 bytes. For example, if compressed as one hex byte, '27x means there are 27 VAR bytes to follow. If ASCII, the two bytes '32x, '37x mean there are 27 bytes to follow. 3 digit field length LLL uses 2 bytes with a leading '0' nibble if compressed, or 3 bytes if ASCII. The format of a VAR data element depends on the data element type. If numeric it will be compressed, e.g. 87456 will be represented by 3 hex bytes '087456x. If ASCII then one byte for each digit or character is used, e.g. '38x, '37x, '34x, '35x, '36x.
ISO-defined data elements
Data Field Type Usage
1 b 64 Bit map (b 128 if secondary is present and b 192 if tertiary is present)
2 n ..19 Primary account number (PAN)
3 n 6 Processing code
4 n 12 Amount, transaction
5 n 12 Amount, settlement
6 n 12 Amount, cardholder billing
7 n 10 Transmission date & time
8 n 8 Amount, cardholder billing fee
9 n 8 Conversion rate, settlement
10 n 8 Conversion rate, cardholder billing
11 n 6 System trace audit number
12 n 6 Time, local transaction (hhmmss)
13 n 4 Date, local transaction (MMDD)
14 n 4 Date, expiration
15 n 4 Date, settlement
16 n 4 Date, conversion
17 n 4 Date, capture
18 n 4 Merchant type
19 n 3 Acquiring institution country code
20 n 3 PAN extended, country code
21 n 3 Forwarding institution. country code
22 n 3 Point of service entry mode
23 n 3 Application PAN sequence number
24 n 3 Function code (ISO 8583:1993)/Network International identifier (NII)
25 n 2 Point of service condition code
26 n 2 Point of service capture code
27 n 1 Authorizing identification response length
28 x+n 8 Amount, transaction fee
29 x+n 8 Amount, settlement fee
30 x+n 8 Amount, transaction processing fee
31 x+n 8 Amount, settlement processing fee
32 n ..11 Acquiring institution identification code
33 n ..11 Forwarding institution identification code
34 ns ..28 Primary account number, extended
35 z ..37 Track 2 data
36 n ...104 Track 3 data
37 an 12 Retrieval reference number
38 an 6 Authorization identification response
39 an 2 Response code
40 an 3 Service restriction code
41 ans 8 Card acceptor terminal identification
42 ans 15 Card acceptor identification code
43 ans 40 Card acceptor name/location (1-23 address 24-36 city 37-38 state 39-40 country)
44 an ..25 Additional response data
45 an ..76 Track 1 data
46 an ...999 Additional data - ISO
47 an ...999 Additional data - national
48 an ...999 Additional data - private
49 a or n 3 Currency code, transaction
50 a or n 3 Currency code, settlement
51 a or n 3 Currency code, cardholder billing
52 b 64 Personal identification number data
53 n 16 Security related control information
54 an ...120 Additional amounts
55 ans ...999 Reserved ISO
56 ans ...999 Reserved ISO
57 ans ...999 Reserved national
58 ans ...999 Reserved national
59 ans ...999 Reserved national
60 ans ...999 Reserved national
61 ans ...999 Reserved private
62 ans ...999 Reserved private
63 ans ...999 Reserved private
64 b 16 Message authentication code (MAC)
65 b 1 Bitmap, extended
66 n 1 Settlement code
67 n 2 Extended payment code
68 n 3 Receiving institution country code
69 n 3 Settlement institution country code
70 n 3 Network management information code
71 n 4 Message number
72 n 4 Message number, last
73 n 6 Date, action (YYMMDD)
74 n 10 Credits, number
75 n 10 Credits, reversal number
76 n 10 Debits, number
77 n 10 Debits, reversal number
78 n 10 Transfer number
79 n 10 Transfer, reversal number
80 n 10 Inquiries number
81 n 10 Authorizations, number
82 n 12 Credits, processing fee amount
83 n 12 Credits, transaction fee amount
84 n 12 Debits, processing fee amount
85 n 12 Debits, transaction fee amount
86 n 16 Credits, amount
87 n 16 Credits, reversal amount
88 n 16 Debits, amount
89 n 16 Debits, reversal amount
90 n 42 Original data elements
91 an 1 File update code
92 an 2 File security code
93 an 5 Response indicator
94 an 7 Service indicator
95 an 42 Replacement amounts
96 b 64 Message security code
97 x+n 16 Amount, net settlement
98 ans 25 Payee
99 n ..11 Settlement institution identification code
100 n ..11 Receiving institution identification code
101 ans ..17 File name
102 ans ..28 Account identification 1
103 ans ..28 Account identification 2
104 ans ...100 Transaction description
105 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
106 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
107 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
108 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
109 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
110 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
111 ans ...999 Reserved for ISO use
112 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
113 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
114 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
115 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
116 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
117 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
118 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
119 ans ...999 Reserved for national use
120 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
121 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
122 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
123 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
124 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
125 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
126 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
127 ans ...999 Reserved for private use
128 b 64 Message authentication code

Examples

Field Definition Meaning
n 6 Fixed length field of six digits
n.6 LVAR numeric field of up to 6 digits in length
a..11 LLVAR alpha field of up to 11 characters in length
b...999 LLLVAR binary field of up to 999 bytes in length

See also

References

  1. ↑ ISO 8583-1:2003 Financial transaction card originated messages -- Interchange message specifications -- Part 1: Messages, data elements and code values
  2. ↑ ISO 8583-2:1998 Financial transaction card originated messages -- Interchange message specifications -- Part 2: Application and registration procedures for Institution Identification Codes (IIC)
  3. ↑ ISO 8583-3:2003 Financial transaction card originated messages -- Interchange message specifications -- Part 3: Maintenance procedures for messages, data elements and code values
  4. ↑ https://hithisissuresh.wordpress.com/iso-8583/

External links

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