Immigration to Portugal
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1864 | 4,188,419 | — |
| 1878 | 4,550,699 | +8.6% |
| 1890 | 5,049,729 | +11.0% |
| 1911 | 5,969,056 | +18.2% |
| 1920 | 6,032,991 | +1.1% |
| 1930 | 6,825,883 | +13.1% |
| 1940 | 7,722,152 | +13.1% |
| 1950 | 8,510,240 | +10.2% |
| 1960 | 8,851,240 | +4.0% |
| 1970 | 8,648,369 | −2.3% |
| 1981 | 9,833,041 | +13.7% |
| 1991 | 9,862,540 | +0.3% |
| 2001 | 10,356,117 | +5.0% |
| 2011 | 10,561,614 | +2.0% |
| Source: INE 2011 | ||
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. As of 2007 Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom 332,137, or 3.13%, were legal immigrants (51,7% female, 48,3% male).[1]
Today, many Brazilians, Ukrainians, Moldovans, Romanians and Russians, Asians[who?], as well as Africans[who?], are making Portugal their home.
Immigration
Portugal, long a country of emigration, has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Portuguese overseas territories in India (until 1961), Africa (until 1975), and Far East Asia (until 1999). Since the 1990s, along with a boom in construction, several new waves of Ukrainian, Brazilian, people from the former Portuguese colonies in Africa and other Africans have settled in the country. Those communities currently make up the largest groups of immigrants in Portugal. Romanians, Moldovans and Chinese also have chosen Portugal as a destination. A number of EU citizens from the United Kingdom, Spain and other EU member states, have also chosen Portugal as a destination, with a major part of the British, Spanish, Dutch, German, and Scandinavian communities being mostly composed of persons looking for quality of life, including an increasing number of pensioners.
| Legal foreign residents in Portugal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| country of origin | 2001 census[2] | 2002 [3] | 2004 [4] | 2006 [5] | 2011 census[2] | % (2011)[2] | change from 2001[2] |
| Brazil | 31 869 | 58,370 | 66,907 | 73,384 | 109 787 | 27,8% | +244,5% |
| Cape Verde | 33 145 | 59,678 | 64,164 | 68,145 | 38 895 | 9,9% | +17,3% |
| Angola | 37 014 | 31,332 | 35,264 | 26 954 | 6,8% | -27,2% | |
| Guinea Bissau | 15 824 | 22,855 | 25,148 | 16 360 | 4,1% | +3,4% | |
| São Tomé | 8 517 | 8,951 | 10,483 | 10 408 | 2,6% | +22,2% | |
| Mozambique | 5,312 | 5,471 | |||||
| Ukraine | 10 793 | 60,571 | 66,227 | 41,87 | 33 790 | 8,6% | +213,1% |
| Romania | 2 661 | 10,673 | 12,155 | 24 356 | 6,2% | +815,3% | |
| Spain | 9 047 | 10 486 | 2,7% | +15,9% | |||
| United Kingdom | 8 227 | 15 774 | 4,0% | +91,7% | |||
| France | 15 359 | 14 360 | 3,6% | -6,5% | |||
| Moldova | 2 984 | 11,817 | 13,689 | 10 475 | 2,7% | +251,0% | |
| Russia | 8,211 | ||||||
| China | 2 176 | 9,518 | 11 458 | 2,9% | +426,6% | ||
| India | 5,088 | ||||||
| Pakistan | 4,212 | ||||||
| Total non-EU | 340,187 | 374,652 | |||||
| European Union | 65,393 | 74,542 | |||||
| Total | 405,580 | 449,194 | 434,887 | ||||
Immigration to Portugal has grown since the 1990s. Some immigrant communities, like those arrived from Africa and South America, grew as a result of economic emigration - foreigners looking for better economic conditions abroad. Other immigrant communities, like most of those arrived from other EU member states, are a result of the attractiveness of the country for high income foreign citizens looking for a better quality of life, a warmer sunny weather, security and exquisite cuisine.
| The 20 largest legal immigrant communities in 2007 compared with their numbers in 1999 * : European Union citizenship P : Portuguese speaking |
||||
| Legal foreign residents | Number in 1999 | Number in 2007 | Growth in percentage | Number in 2011[2] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BraziliansP | 20,851 | 66,354 | + 218% | 109,787 |
| CapeverdeansP | 43,951 | 63,925 | + 45% | 38,895 |
| Ukrainians | 123 | 39,480 | + 31998% | 33,790 |
| AngolansP | 17,721 | 32,728 | + 85% | 26,954 |
| GuineansP | 14,217 | 23,733 | + 67% | 16,360 |
| British* | 13,335 | 23,608 | + 77% | 15,774 |
| Romanians* | 224 | 19,155 | + 8451% | 24,356 |
| Spanish* | 11,122 | 18,030 | + 62% | 10,486 |
| Germans* | 9,605 | 15,498 | + 61% | |
| Moldovans | 3 | 14,053 | + 468333% | 10,475 |
| SantomeansP | 4,809 | 10,627 | + 121% | 10,408 |
| French* | 6,499 | 10,556 | + 62% | 14,360 |
| Chinese | 2,762 | 10,448 | + 278% | 11,458 |
| US-Americans | 7,975 | 8,264 | + 4% | |
| Dutch* | 3,675 | 6,589 | + 79% | |
| Italians* | 2,700 | 5,985 | + 122% | |
| MozambicansP | 4,502 | 5,681 | + 26% | |
| Russians | 448 | 5,114 | + 1042% | |
| Bulgarians* | 347 | 5,028 | + 1349% | |
| Indians | 1,211 | 4,104 | + 239% | |
Resident foreigners
While many earlier immigrants have now become naturalised citizens, there are still substantial numbers of foreign citizens resident in Portugal.
According to Statistics Portugal [6] there were 10,636,979 persons resident in Portugal in 2010, of whom 103,230 (0.97%) were citizens of other EU countries, and 344,853 (3.24%) were citizens of non EU countries.
Brazilians are the most prevalent foreign nationality. The 119,552 resident Brazilians are 1.12% of the total population. Other significant nationalities are the Ukrainians (0.47%), people from Cape Verde (0.42%), Romanians (0.35%), Angolans (0.22%), people from Guinea-Bissau (0.19%) and citizens of the United Kingdom (0.18%). There are also Chinese and Moldovans (0.15% each), people from São Tomé and Príncipe (0.10%), Germans, Spaniards and Bulgarians (0.08% each), Indians, Russians, French and Italians (0.05% each) as well as citizens of the Netherlands (0.04%) and Mozambicans (0.03%). The numbers of Pakistanis, Americans, Venezuelans, Moroccans, Belgians and Senegalese (0.02% each) are also not insignificant. There are numerous additional nationalities present but communities of less than 1,500 persons are not listed here.
Illegal immigration
In 2006 the Portuguese government made it easier for second generation immigrants to gain citizenship in order to prevent illegal immigration.[7][8] There are now estimated to be 260,000 immigrants from Russia, Ukraine and Moldova in Portugal, half of these illegal. Most work in agriculture.[9]
Illegal immigration rose by 55% in 2009 most of the illegals being Brazilian nationals[10] Employers of illegal immigrants in Portugal face jail terms.[11]
See also
- Demographics of Portugal
- Immigration to Europe
- List of countries by immigrant population
- List of countries by foreign-born population
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate
References
- ↑ INE, Statistics Portugal
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 https://www.ine.pt/ngt_server/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=150133806&att_display=n&att_download=y
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- ↑ Statistics Portugal
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 Immigration to Portugal |
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|---|---|
| Africa | |
| Americas | |
| Asia | |
| Europe | |
