Indian Forest Service

Indian Forest Service (IFS)
भारतीय वन सेवा

Service Overview
Preceding service	Imperial Forest Service (1864 to 1935)
Year of Constitution	1966
Country	India
Staff College	Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA), Dehradun
Cadre Controlling Authority	Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
Legal personality	Governmental: Government service
General nature	Administration of Forest and Wildlife resources
Cadre strength	3131 (2182 Direct Recruits and 949 Promotion Posts)
Website	ifs.nic.in
Service Chief
	Director General of Forests Incumbent: Dr. S.S. Negi, IFS (1980 Batch, Himachal Pradesh Cadre)
Head of the Civil Services
	Cabinet Secretary Incumbent: Pradeep Kumar Sinha, IAS

"Imperial Forest Service" redirects here

Indian Forest Service (Hindi: भारतीय वन सेवा) (abbreviated as IFS) is one of the Civil Services of India and belongs to the apex All India Services group, with other two All India Services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Police Service (IPS).

Indian Forest Service was created in 1966 under the All India Services Act 1951. Previously, the Imperial Forestry Service existed during the British Raj from 1865 to 1935. Officers are recruited via a rigorous competitive examination and then trained for about two years by the Central Government. Their services are placed under various State cadres and joint cadres, even though they have the mandate to serve both under the State and Central Governments. The main mandate of the service is the implementation of the National Forest Policy which aims to ensure environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance which are vital for sustenance of all life forms, human, animal and plant. IFS officers while in field postings in respective state cadres work for conservation, protection and development of forests and wildlife along with an aim to enhance livelihood opportunities of forest dependent communities of rural and tribal areas.

An IFS officer is largely independent of district administration and exercises administrative, judicial and financial powers in their own domain. All top positions in state forest department are held by IFS officers. Positions like Divisional Forest Officer (DFO), Conservator of Forests (CF) and Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (PCCF) etc. are some examples. The highest ranking IFS official in each state is the Head of Forest Forces (HoFF), a cabinet selection post equal in rank to the Chief Secretary for IAS or State Police Chief for the IPS.

They are also eligible for State and Central deputations as their counterpart IAS and IPS officers. Deputation of IFS officers to the Central Government includes appointments in Central Ministries at the position of Deputy Secretary, Director, Joint Secretary and Additional Secretary etc.; appointments in various Public Sector Units, Institutes and Academies at the position of Chief Vigilance Officers (CVO), Managing Directors, Inspector General, Director General etc.

Deputation of IFS officers is also permissible to foreign governments, United Nations bodies, international organisations, NGOs, voluntary organisations apart from private sector as per the Indian Forest Service (Cadre) Rules, 1966.

Ministry of Environment and Forests (India), under the Government of India, is the cadre controlling authority of Indian Forest Service.

History

Dietrich Brandis, who is widely considered as the father of IFS.

India was one of the first countries in the world to introduce scientific forest management. In 1864, the British Raj established the Imperial Forest Department. In 1866 Dr Dietrich Brandis, a German forest officer, was appointed Inspector General of Forests. The Imperial Forestry Service was organised subordinate to the Imperial Forest Department in 1867 when five candidates were selected to undergo training in France & Germany. This continued up to 1885 except for a short break on account of war between France and Russia.

Officers appointed from 1867 to 1885 were trained in Germany and France, and from 1885 to 1905 at Cooper's Hill, London, also known as Royal Indian Engineering College ( a noted college of Forestry at that time) where 173 officers were trained. From 1905 to 1926, the University of Oxford (Sir William Schlich), University of Cambridge, and University of Edinburgh had undertaken the task of training Imperial Forestry Service officers. In 1920, the Government of India took the historic decision that the IFS Probationers may be trained at one centre and consequent to the establishment of Forest Research Institute at Dehradun, the training started in India in 1926.

The Government of India Act 1935, which transferred forestry to Provisional list, resulted in abolition of the IFS training. With the retirement of IFS officers, the demand for trained foresters cropped up and thus Indian Forest College was born in 1938. The Superior Forest Service officers, recruited from different states, were trained in the Indian Forest College thus retaining the all India character of the service. The main mandate of the service was scientific management of the forests to exploit it on a sustained basis for primarily timber products. It was during this time that large tracts of the forest were brought under state control through the process of reservation under the Indian Forest Act, 1927.

The management of the forest went into the hands of the provincial government in 1935 and even today the Forest Departments are managing the forest of the country under the respective State governments. Since the subject of forestry was shifted to the concurrent list in the year 1977, the central government plays an important role, particularly at the policy level in the management of the forest.

The main thrust of managing forests for production of timber products as in the British period continued even after the reconstitution of IFS in 1966. The recommendations of National Commission on Agriculture in 1976 was a landmark shift in forest management. It was for the first time that people's perception was taken care of in addressing biomass needs and extension activities through social forestry were introduced. The concept of sustained yield was addressed in tandem with biomass needs of the people living in and around forest areas. Equal thrust was given to habitat management in protected area and conserving the biodiversity of the land. Today there are over 2700 IFS officers serving in the country. Besides serving the 31 Forest Departments in the States and Union Territories managing the country's natural resources, a good number of them work in various Ministries and institutions both in the State and Central Government.

Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy

The Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy (IGNFA) was established in the 1938 as Indian Forest College at Dehradun, and officers recruited to the Superior Forest Service by the states and provinces were trained there. Presently IGNFA acts as the staff college to the officers of the Indian Forest Service, undertaking a substantial portion of their training requirements.

Modern agency

The modern Indian Forest Service was established in 1966, after independence, under the All India Services Act 1951. The first Inspector General of Forests, Hari Singh, was instrumental in the development of the IFS.

India has an area of 635,400 km² designated as forests, about 19.32% of the country. India's forest policy was created in 1894 and revised in 1952 and again in 1988.

Ranks

Grade	Union Ministry Designation
Apex Scale	Director General of Forests (वन महानिदेशक)
HAG+ Scale	Additional Director General of Forests (अपर वन महानिदेशक)
Higher Administrative Grade	Inspector General of Forests (वन महानिरीक्षक)
PB-4	Additional Inspector General of Forests (अपर वन महानिरीक्षक)
PB-4	Deputy Inspector General of Forests (उप वन महानिरीक्षक)
PB-4	Director (निदेशक)
PB-3	Assistant Inspector General of Forests (सहायक वन महानिरीक्षक)

Grade	State Government Designation
Apex Scale	Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (प्रधान मुख्य वन संरक्षक)
Higher Administrative Grade	Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (अपर प्रधान मुख्य वन संरक्षक)
PB-4	Chief Conservator of Forests (मुख्य वन संरक्षक) Regional Chief Conservator of Forests (क्षेत्रीय मुख्य वन संरक्षक)
PB-4	Conservator of Forests (वन संरक्षक)
PB-3	Deputy Conservator of Forests (उप वन संरक्षक) Divisional Forest Officer (वन प्रमंडल पदाधिकारी)
PB-3	Probationary Officer (प्रशिक्षु पदाधिकारी)

Deputations

As per Rule 6 of the Indian Forest Service (Cadre) Rules, 1966 deputation of IFS officers broadly falls into two categories:

1. Central Deputation
2. State Deputation

For Central Deputation, there are two schemes devised for the purpose of regulating appointments in Government of India and organisations under its control.

• Central Staffing Scheme
• Non-Central Staffing Scheme

Central Deputation

There are two Central Staffing Schemes, one each controlled by Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) (MoEF) and Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT) of Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions and they are respectively called as CSS of MoEF and CSS of DoPT.

Manning the pre-identified professional positions in the Ministry, its regional offices, subordinate offices, organisations under its control (located elsewhere in the country) and in other Ministries/Departments, exclusively by IFS, CSS of MoEF scheme has been formulated. The posts included under it are Director General of Forests, Additional Director General of Forests, Inspector General of Forests and Deputy Inspector General of Forests in Ministry of Environment and Forests, Associate Professors and Lecturers in IGNFA, Director of Forest Survey of India, Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Project Tiger, Project Elephant, National Zoological Park, Forest Education and Deputy Directors/Conservators in Regional offices of the Ministry.

Similar to the CSS of the MoEF, for manning pre-identified positions of Under Secretary (US), Deputy Secretary (DS), Director, Joint Secretary to Government of India (JS), Additional Secretary (AS), Special Secretary (SS) and equivalent levels in the Government of India and its organizations, DoPT have formulated a staffing Scheme. A total of 38 Civil Services including the three All India Services viz IAS, IPS, IFS are participants under this Scheme.

Similar to the CSS, there are two Non-CSSs under the Government of India one each controlled by the MoEF and DoPT. All posts to be filled up by IFS officers in the autonomous bodies under the control of the Ministry viz ICFRE, Dehradun; Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun and Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal; Wild-Life Crime Control Bureau, Central Pollution Control Board, Central Zoo Authority etc. are called as non-CSS posts. Isolated posts under various Departments and Ministries in Government of India and the posts of Commissions, Autonomous Bodies, Authorities, Trusts, Boards, Societies, etc. constitute non-CSS of DoPT.

State Deputation

An IFS officer may also be deputed for service under a company, association, corporation which is wholly or substantially owned or controlled by a State Government, a Municipal Corporation or Local Body. Appointment is done by the State Government.

Deputation under International Organisation

An IFS officer may also be deputed for service under international organisation by Central Government in consultation with State Government.

Training

Forest Research Institute in Dehradun

IFS officers of the country are part of the nation's management expertise pool. The training course for the IFS Probationers is designed to address these requirements. Some of the essential elements of the training are as follows:

1. Capacity building by imparting technical knowledge and skills required in forestry sector 2. Enhancing management skills 3. The personality development as a member of Indian Forest Service

To achieve the above course objectives, training at the Academy extends over a period of 2 years. Comprehensive exposure to all the subjects that are directly or indirectly related to forestry are provided. The course is designed to be covered in phases as under

1. Foundation Course 2. Professional Phase I 3. Professional Phase II 4. Convocation Phase

Officers of the IFS have to initially attend the common foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration in Mussorie. On completion of which they are trained at the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy at Dehradun, with training on forest and wildlife management, soil conservation, surveying, Scheduled Tribes and handling weapons.

After completion of their training the officers are awarded a master's degree in Science (Forestry) of Forest Research Institute. The officers are taught more than 56 subjects of life sciences in these two years.

After completing training at the academy, candidates go through a year of on-the-job field training in the state to which he or she is assigned, during which they are posted as Assistant Conservators of Forests or Deputy Conservator of Forests. After four years of service in the junior scale, which includes a professional training phase and foundation course, officers are appointed to the Senior Time Scale and are entitled to be posted as Deputy Conservators of Forests or Divisional Forest Officers (DFO) in charge of districts/forest divisions.

The officers are supposed to work in the field of forestry as well as wildlife. At times they are posted as working plan officers and put on deputation with agencies such as State Forest Corporation, for carrying out exploiting operations of timber and their marketing, as Member Secretaries of Pollution control Board, Tourism Officers or Executive Directors or MDs of state-run corporations or boards. They can be posted as Secretaries of the Autonomous Bodies and as Directors or Joint Secretaries in government of India.

Notable IFS officers

• Hari Singh
• Daniel Richmond
• P. Srinivas
• Sanjiv Chaturvedi
• Ramesh K. Pandey
• Hemendra Singh Panwar
• Fateh Singh Rathore

See also

• Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
• Ministry of Environment and Forests, India
• Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
• All India Services
• Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Forest Science Centres