Irvington, New Jersey

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Irvington, New Jersey
Township
Township of Irvington
Morrell High School
Morrell High School
Map of Irvington in Essex County. Inset: Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Map of Irvington in Essex County. Inset: Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Irvington, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of Irvington, New Jersey
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Essex
Incorporated March 27, 1874
Named for Washington Irving
Government[8]
 • Type Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
 • Body Township Council
 • Mayor Tony Vauss (term ends June 30, 2018)[3][4][5]
 • Business Administrator Musa A. Malik[6]
 • Municipal Clerk Harold E. Wiener[7]
Area[1]
 • Total 2.930 sq mi (7.589 km2)
 • Land 2.928 sq mi (7.584 km2)
 • Water 0.002 sq mi (0.005 km2)  0.07%
Area rank 338th of 566 in state
16th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation[9] 128 ft (39 m)
Population (2010 Census)[10][10][11][12][13]
 • Total 53,926
 • Estimate (2014)[14] 54,512
 • Rank 30th of 566 in state
3rd of 22 in county[15]
 • Density 18,417.0/sq mi (7,110.8/km2)
 • Density rank 8th of 566 in state
1st of 22 in county[15]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC−5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC−4)
ZIP code 07111[16]
Area code(s) 973[17]
FIPS code 3401334450[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID 0877363[1][20]
Website www.irvington.net

Irvington is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township had a total population of 53,926,[10][11][12] having declined by 6,769 (−11.2%) from the 60,695 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 323 (−0.5%) from the 61,018 counted in the 1990 Census.[21]

History

Clinton Township, which included what is now Irvington, Maplewood and parts of Newark and South Orange, was created on April 14, 1834.[22] The area was known as Camptown until the mid-1800s. In 1850, after Stephen Foster published his ballad, Camptown Races, residents were concerned that the activities described in the song would be associated with their community. The town was renamed, Irvingtown, in honor of Washington Irving.[23][24][25]

Irvington was incorporated as an independent village on March 27, 1874, from portions of Clinton Township.[23] What remained of Clinton Township was absorbed into Newark on March 5, 1902.[22] On March 2, 1898, Irvington was incorporated as a Town, replacing Irvington Village.[22] In 1982, the town was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what would ultimately be more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal revenue sharing policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.[26][27][28][29]

The 1967 Newark riots hastened an exodus of families from that city, many of them moving a few short blocks into neighboring Irvington. Until 1965, Irvington was almost exclusively white. By 1980, the town was nearly 40% black; by 1990 it was 70%. On July 1, 1980, Fred Bost, the first black to serve on the Town Council, was sworn in as East Ward Councilman.[30] Michael G. Steele, the town's first black mayor, was elected in 1990, followed by Sarah Brockington Bost in 1994. The current Mayor is Tony Vauss.[23]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Irvington had a total area of 2.930 square miles (7.589 km2), including 2.928 square miles (7.584 km2) of land and 0.002 square miles (0.005 km2) of water (0.07%).[1][2]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Irving Place.[31]

The township is bordered by Maplewood to the west, Newark to the east, Hillside to the south, South Orange to the northwest, all in Essex County; and by Union to the southwest in Union County, New Jersey.[32]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1880 1,677 —
1900 5,255 —
1910 11,877 126.0%
1920 25,480 114.5%
1930 56,733 122.7%
1940 55,328 −2.5%
1950 59,201 7.0%
1960 59,379 0.3%
1970 59,743 0.6%
1980 61,493 2.9%
1990 61,018 −0.8%
2000 60,695 −0.5%
2010 53,926 −11.2%
Est. 2014 54,512 [14][33] 1.1%
Population sources:1900–1920[34]
1900–1910[35] 1880–1930[36]
1930–1990[37] 2000[38][39] 2010[10][11][12]

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 53,926 people, 20,093 households, and 12,839 families residing in the township. The population density was 18,417.0 per square mile (7,110.8/km2). There were 23,196 housing units at an average density of Lua error in Module:Convert at line 272: attempt to index local 'cat' (a nil value).. The racial makeup of the township was 5.64% (3,042) White, 85.41% (46,058) Black or African American, 0.38% (204) Native American, 0.87% (471) Asian, 0.07% (38) Pacific Islander, 5.42% (2,922) from other races, and 2.21% (1,191) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.60% (5,716) of the population.[10]

There were 20,093 households, of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.6% were married couples living together, 27.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.33.[10]

In the township, 25.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.0 years. For every 100 females there were 88.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.[10]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $42,580, and the median family income was $50,798. Males had a median income of $38,033 versus $36,720 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,520. About 14.4% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.[40]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 60,695 people, 22,032 households, and 14,408 families residing in the township. The population density was 20,528.3 people per square mile (7,917.1/km2). There were 24,116 housing units at an average density of 8,156.5 per square mile (3,145.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 81.66% Black or African American, 8.97% White, 0.24% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 3.68% from other races, and 4.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.38% of the population.[38][39]

As part of the 2000 Census, 81.66% of Irvington's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American people in the United States, and the third-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside at 93.6%, and East Orange at 89.46%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry.[41]

There were 22,032 households out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 27.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.39.[38][39]

In the township the age distribution of the population shows 28.0% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 87.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.5 males.[38][39]

The median income for a household in the township was $36,575, and the median income for a family was $41,098. Males had a median income of $32,043 versus $27,244 for females. The per capita income for the township was $16,874. About 15.8% of families and 17.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.[38][39]

Crime

Irvington experienced the crack epidemic of the 1980s and has struggled with its aftermath. The township's violent crime rate was six times higher than New Jersey overall and the murder rate eight times higher than statewide statistics. In 2007, the New Jersey State Police reported that Irvington had a violent crime rate of 22.4 incidents per 1,000 population, the highest of all 15 major urban areas in the state.[42]

According to the New Jersey State Police Uniform Crime Report for 2013, year-to-year between 2012 and 2013, Irvington experienced an overall reduction in crime of 9% (from 49.6 to 45.2 incidents per 1,000), with reductions coming from overall non-violent crime (18%) and aggravated assault (22%), but an increase in the violent crime rate of 16% from 13.1 incidents per 1,000 to 15.3.[43]

Economy

Springfield Avenue commercial district

Portions of Irvington are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone that was one of seven established by legislation in 1996. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[44]

In July 2015, the central business district surrounding the Springfield Avenue bus stop was designated as one of 30 transit villages statewide, qualifying it for incentives for revitalization.[45]

Government

Local government

Irvington is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council form of municipal government. The mayor and the seven-member council are elected in non-partisan elections held every other year on the second Tuesday in May to four-year terms of office. The mayor and the three at-large seats are elected together and two years later the four ward seats are elected. The council selects a president, first vice president and second vice president from among its members at a reorganization meeting held after each election.[8] The council is the legislative body of the township and needs a ⅔ majority to make changes to the budget submitted by the mayor. The mayor is the township's chief executive and is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations and submitting a budget, but is not eligible to vote on the council and is not required to attend its meetings.[46]

As of 2015, the mayor of Irvington is Tony Vauss, whose term of office ends June 30, 2018.[47] Members of the Township Council are Council President Charnette Orelien-Frederic (At-large; 2018), First Vice President Renee C. Burgess (At-large; 2018), Second Vice President Sandra R. Jones (South Ward; 2016), Vernal C. Cox, Sr. (West Ward; serving unexpired term ending 2016), October Hudley (At-large; 2018), Paul J. Inman (East Ward; 2016) and David Lyons (North Ward; 2016).[3][46][48][49][50][51][52]

Federal, state and county representation

Irvington is located in the 10th Congressional District[53] and is part of New Jersey's 28th state legislative district.[11][54][55]

New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne, Jr. (D, Newark).[56] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[57] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[58][59]

For the 2014-2015 Session, the 28th District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Ronald Rice (D, Newark) and in the General Assembly by Ralph R. Caputo (D, Belleville) and Cleopatra Tucker (D, Newark).[60][61] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[62] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[63]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[64] As of 2014, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr.[65] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2014.[64][66][67] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson (at large; Newark),[68] Freeholder Vice President Patricia Sebold (at large; Livingston),[69] Rufus I. Johnson (at large; Newark),[70] Gerald W. Owens (At large; South Orange, filling the vacant seat after the resignation of Donald Payne, Jr.)[71] Rolando Bobadilla (District 1 - Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[72] D. Bilal Beasley (District 2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Irvington),[73] Carol Y. Clark (District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; East Orange)[74] and Leonard M. Luciano (District 4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[75] and Brendan W. Gill (District 5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Montclair).[76][77][78] Constitutional elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell, 2015),[79] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (2015)[80] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens, II (2016).[81][66][82]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were 28,545 registered voters in Irvington, of which 14,694 (51.5%) were registered as Democrats, 404 (1.4%) were registered as Republicans and 13,442 (47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties.[83]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.9% of the vote (18,538 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.9% (363 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (38 votes), among the 19,036 ballots cast by the township's 30,744 registered voters (97 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 61.9%.[84][85] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 96.9% of the vote (18,923 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 2.5% (493 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (29 votes), among the 19,533 ballots cast by the township's 28,879 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.6%.[86] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 91.8% of the vote (14,885 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 7.3% (1,189 votes) and other candidates with 0.3% (80 votes), among the 16,211 ballots cast by the township's 26,594 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 61.0.[87]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 86.4% of the vote (6,800 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 13.1% (1,028 votes), and other candidates with 0.5% (42 votes), among the 8,030 ballots cast by the township's 31,292 registered voters (160 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 25.7%.[88][89] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 93.2% of the vote (9,218 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 4.6% (459 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 0.9% (93 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (66 votes), among the 9,894 ballots cast by the township's 28,189 registered voters, yielding a 35.1% turnout.[90]

Education

The Irvington Public Schools serve students in pre-Kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[91] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[92][93]

As of the 2011–12 school year, the district's 12 schools had an enrollment of 7,046 students and 564.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.49:1.[94] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[95]) are Augusta Preschool Academy[96] (prekindergarten; 335 students), eight elementary schools — Berkeley Terrace School[97] (K–5; 406), Chancellor Avenue School[98] (PreK–5; 450), Florence Avenue School[99] (K–5; 464), Grove Street School[100] (PreK–5; 363), Madison Avenue School[101] (K–5; 299), Thurgood G. Marshall School[102] (PreK–5; 455), Mount Vernon Avenue School[103] (PreK–5; 732) and University Elementary School[104] (K–5; 565) — along with Union Avenue Middle School[105] (6–8; 767), University Middle School[106] (6–8; 752) and Irvington High School[107] (9–12; 1,461).[108] The district's high school was the 309th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 328 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2012 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 287th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed.[109]

Transportation

Roads and highways

As of May 2010, the township had a total of 69.44 miles (111.75 km) of roadways, of which 55.98 miles (90.09 km) were maintained by the municipality, 10.69 miles (17.20 km) by Essex County and 0.17 miles (0.27 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation.[110]

Local roads include County Road 509 and Route 124. Major highways include Interstate 78 which passes through very briefly along the southeastern border at Exit 54. The Garden State Parkway also runs through the center and is accessible from Exit 143 and Exit 144.

Public transportation

Bus Terminal

The Irvington Bus Terminal, which underwent renovation in the early 2000s, is one of New Jersey Transit's (NJT) busiest facilities and regional transit hubs.[111][112] Irvington is served by NJT bus routes 107 to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan; the 1, 13, 25, 27, 37, 39, 42, 70, 90 and 94 to Newark; and local service on the 26, 96 and routes.[113]

Scheduled airline service is available at Newark Liberty International Airport in neighboring Newark and Elizabeth.

Taxi service is provided primarily by Red Top Taxi and Irvington Cab, the two largest cab companies in the community. Numerous smaller companies (often "gypsy cabs") are also available.

Notable people

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See also: Category:People from Irvington, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Irvington include:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sykes, Chris. "Vauss is sworn in as Irvington’s new mayor", Essex News Daily, July 11, 2014. Accessed July 18, 2014. "Former Board of Education President and Team Irvington Strong leader Tony Vauss was sworn in as the new mayor of Irvington on Tuesday, July 1, at Christian Pentecostal Church on Clinton Avenue.... In Irvington, Durkin was referring to Vauss and his three running mates, Renee Burgess, Charnette Orelien-Frederic and October Hudley, as well as West Ward District leader Vernon Cox. Cox was appointed to serve as the interim West Ward councilman to replace Orelien-Frederic, who vacated that position to assume her new role as councilwoman at large."
  4. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 12, 2015.
  5. ↑ Mayor Tony Vauss, Township of Irvington, New Jersey. Accessed February 22, 2015.
  6. ↑ Business Administration, Township of Irvington, New Jersey. Accessed February 22, 2015.
  7. ↑ Municipal Clerk, Township of Irvington, New Jersey. Accessed February 22, 2015.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 129.
  9. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Township of Irvington, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 6, 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 13. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Irvington township, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  13. ↑ 2010 Census Populations: Essex County, Asbury Park Press. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  16. ↑ Look Up a ZIP Code, United States Postal Service. Accessed November 25, 2011.
  17. ↑ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Irvington, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  20. ↑ US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
  21. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 126 re Clinton Township, p. 128 re Irvington. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 History of Irvington, Irvington Township. Accessed May 9, 2007.
  24. ↑ Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 166. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  25. ↑ Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 2, 2015.
  26. ↑ "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification", p. 73. New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government, 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  27. ↑ "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments", Government Accountability Office, April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."
  28. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "New Jersey Journal", The New York Times, December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."
  29. ↑ Karcher, Alan J. New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness, pp. 119-120. Rutgers University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780813525662. Accessed September 24, 2015.
  30. ↑ Crime statistics for Irvington, Homesurfer. Accessed August 14, 2007.
  31. ↑ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  32. ↑ Areas touching Irvington, MapIt. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  33. ↑ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  34. ↑ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 1, 2013. No data is listed for 1880 in this source.
  35. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 335. Accessed July 24, 2012.
  36. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 711. Accessed August 1, 2013. Source lists 1880 population and indicates that Irvington population was not listed separately for 1890.
  37. ↑ Table 6. New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 12, 2013.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 39.4 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 12, 2013.
  40. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Irvington township, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 1, 2012.
  41. ↑ African-American Communities, EPodunk. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  42. ↑ Jones, Richard G. "A Cruel Turn for Irvington, a Town Already Battling Crime and Blight", The New York Times, October 20, 2007. Accessed August 19, 2008. "On Tuesday, the State Police reported that Irvington had the highest violent crime rate of the state's 15 major urban areas, with 22.4 incidents for every 1,000 residents."
  43. ↑ "Section Seven: New Jersey Municipal-County Offense & Demographic Data, New Jersey State Police. Accessed December 30, 2015.
  44. ↑ Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed August 23, 2015. "The legislation was amended in 1996 to include seven additional zones. They were all predetermined and include East Orange, Guttenberg, Hillside, Irvington, North Bergen, Pemberton and West New York."
  45. ↑ Mazzola, Jessica. "N.J. names 30th transit village, town calls designation 'tremendous'", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, July 8, 2015. Accessed July 15, 2015. "Park Ridge and Irvington have secured the state's 'transit village' designation, an NJDOT-administered program that connects transit hubs across the state with experts and funding to redevelop the land surrounding them."
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Our Municipal Council, Township of Irvington. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  47. ↑ Mayor Tony Vauss, Township of Irvington. Accessed February 4, 2015.
  48. ↑ 2014 Municipal Data Sheet, Township of Irvington. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  49. ↑ Directory, Essex County Clerk. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  50. ↑ Essex County 2014 Municipal Election - Unofficial Results May 13, 2014, Essex County, New Jersey Clerk, updated May 21, 2014. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  51. ↑ Essex County2012 Municipal Elections - Unofficial ResultsMay 8, 2012, Essex County, New Jersey Clerk, updated May 18, 2012. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  52. ↑ Khavkine, Richard. "Vauss bests Smith in Irvington mayoral contest", The Star-Ledger, May 13, 2014. Accessed July 18, 2014. "Mayor Wayne Smith was roundly beaten in his bid for a fourth consecutive term, losing to Anthony Vauss, the township board of education's president, by about a 2-to-1 ratio, according to early results tonight.... In the race for three at-large council seats, Renee C. Burgess, Charnette Frederic and October Hudley were ahead by several hundred votes in a race among 12 candidates."
  53. ↑ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  54. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 59, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
  55. ↑ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  56. ↑ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.
  57. ↑ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  58. ↑ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  59. ↑ Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  60. ↑ Legislative Roster 2014-2015 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed February 19, 2014.
  61. ↑ District 28 Legislators, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed February 19, 2014.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014. "The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November."
  65. ↑ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Essex County Elected Officials, Essex County Clerk, as of February 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  67. ↑ Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  68. ↑ Blonnie R. Watson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  69. ↑ Patricia Sebold, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  70. ↑ Rufus I. Johnson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  71. ↑ Lee, Eunice. "Labor leader from South Orange tapped as new Essex County freeholder", The Star-Ledger, December 19, 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014. "A longtime labor union leader from South Orange was sworn in this afternoon as the newest Essex County freeholder.Gerald Owens, 74, is a general organizer for the International Longshoremen's Association.... Owens is filling the seat vacated by former at-large freeholder Donald Payne Jr., who stepped down from the post last month after securing the 10th Congressional District seat left open by his late father."
  72. ↑ Rolando Bobadilla, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  73. ↑ D. Bilal Beasley, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  74. ↑ Carol Y. Clark, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  75. ↑ Leonard M. Luciano, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  76. ↑ Brendan W. Gill, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  77. ↑ The Board of Chosen Freeholders, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  78. ↑ Breakdown of Freeholder Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  79. ↑ About Christopher J. Durkin, Essex County Clerk. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  80. ↑ Armando B. Fontoura - Essex County Sheriff, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  81. ↑ Office of Surrogate, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  82. ↑ County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  83. ↑ Voter Registration Summary - Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  87. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  88. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. ↑ 2009 Governor: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  91. ↑ Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archiveas of May 15, 2009. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  92. ↑ What are SDA Districts?, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 14, 2012. "SDA Districts are 31 special-needs school districts throughout New Jersey. They were formerly known as Abbott Districts, based on the Abbott v. Burke case in which the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts.... The districts were renamed after the elimination of the Abbott designation through passage of the state's new School Funding Formula in January 2008."
  93. ↑ SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  94. ↑ District information for Irvington School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed August 4, 2014.
  95. ↑ School Data for the Irvington Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed August 4, 2014.
  96. ↑ Augusta Preschool Academy, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  97. ↑ Berkeley Terrace School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  98. ↑ Chancellor Avenue School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  99. ↑ Florence Avenue School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  100. ↑ Grove Street School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  101. ↑ Madison Avenue School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  102. ↑ Thurgood G. Marshall School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  103. ↑ Mount Vernon Avenue School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  104. ↑ University Elementary School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  105. ↑ Union Avenue Middle School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  106. ↑ University Middle School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  107. ↑ Irvington High School, Irvington Public Schools. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  108. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the Irvington Public Schools, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 1, 2013.
  109. ↑ Staff. "The Top New Jersey High Schools: Alphabetical", New Jersey Monthly, August 16, 2012. Accessed October 10, 2012.
  110. ↑ Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  111. ↑ "IRVINGTON BUS TERMINAL TO GET FACELIFT: Wider Bus Lanes, Redesigned Waiting Area, Enhanced Parking and Improved Pedestrian Links are Designated for Aging Facility", New Jersey Transit press release, October 16, 2003. Accessed October 10, 2012.
  112. ↑ New Irvington Bus Terminal, RCC Builders and Developers. Accessed October 10, 2012.
  113. ↑ Essex County Train/Bus service, New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 22, 2009. Accessed July 16, 2011.
  114. ↑ Baum, Barry. "ADUBATO IS LADIES’ MAN – AFTER COACHING THE BOYS, RICHIE’S MADE SMOOTH TRANSITION TO WNBA", New York Post, August 25, 2000. Accessed September 19, 2015. "And in his second season, Adubato has been more than willing to oblige. With Edison-like thoroughness and preparation, the 62-year-old Irvington, N.J. native has guided the Liberty to its second straight Finals berth."
  115. ↑ Paul Boris Statistics, The Baseball Cube. Accessed January 19, 2008.
  116. ↑ Scarantino, Drew Anne. "With A Little Help From His FriendsSept 18: Former member of Styx and Irvington native Glen Burtnik and friends return to the State Theatre for Jersey Beatles Bash IV.", New Jersey Monthly, August 16, 2010. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  117. ↑ "Jaguars sign Josh Evans", Jacksonville Jaguars, July 20, 2013. Accessed February 8, 2014. "The Irvington, N.J. native played quarterback and safety at Irvington High School where he rushed for 14 touchdowns and threw for 18 more."
  118. ↑ Longsdorf, Amy. "New on DVD this week", The Record (Bergen County), January 13, 2012. Accessed June 28, 2015. "Clifton native and former Irvington resident Vera Farmiga makes an astonishingly assured directorial debut with this engrossing study of Corinne (first played by Vera's sister Taissa Farmiga, and then by Vera), a woman who turns to Christianity after she and her family nearly die in a car accident."
  119. ↑ Slater, Darryl. "Former Jets RB Mike Goodson will go to jail if he skips next court hearing, judge says", The Star-Ledger, June 26, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2014. "Gellene said he did not know where in Texas Goodson was. Goodson, who was born in Irvington, attended high school in Spring, Texas, near Houston."
  120. ↑ via Associated Press. "N.F.L. Picks Interim Chief; GUNSEL IS CHOSEN BY CLUB OWNERS Acting Chief of Pro League Since Bell's Death to Serve Until January", The New York Times, October 15, 1959. Accessed June 9, 2011. "By profession, he is an accountant. A native of Irvington, N. J., Gunsel now lives in Narberth, Pa., as did Bell."
  121. ↑ Frank Hiller, Baseball-Reference.com. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  122. ↑ James John Howard, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 30, 2007.
  123. ↑ Yasinskas, Pat. "Bucs release Derrick Ward", ESPN.com, August 31, 2010. Accessed June 9, 2011. "Morris also said the move does not mean Huggins, who's from the coach's hometown of Irvington, N.J., and has rushed for a team-best 97 yards on 19 carries this preseason, has won a job."
  124. ↑ Staff. "Sanford B. Hunt, Newark Editor, 62: Executive of The Sunday Call Dies – Father and Brother Held Post Before Him; An All-American Athlete; Won Football Honors as Star for Cornell – Was Mining Engineer in the West", The New York Times, March 31, 1943. Accessed December 23, 2014. "Mr. Hunt was born in Irvington, N. J., the son of William Tallmadge Hunt and Lucy Bardine Southworth Hunt."
  125. ↑ Mallozzi, Vincent M. "U.S. Swimmer Hopes to Inspire", The New York Times, August 3, 2008. Accessed June 9, 2011. "CULLEN JONES does not want to be described as an athlete who came out of nowhere, burst onto the scene or made a surprising debut. 'I don't like any of those descriptions,' said Jones, a 24-year-old swimming sensation from the impoverished city of Irvington, N.J. 'I've been on a long, hard road to get to where I want to be, so I don't consider myself a surprise.'"
  126. ↑ Ron Karnaugh, Sports-Reference.com. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  127. ↑ Guthrie, Marissa. "'Life' of a Queen: Latifah digs deep for an HBO movie", copy of article from New York Daily News, March 8, 2007, accessed April 19, 2007. "Latifah—who'll turn 37 this month—grew up in Irvington, N.J."
  128. ↑ Sragow, Michael. "Funny Bones", The New York Times, June 9, 1996. Accessed March 9, 2012. "Mr. Levy locates the seeds of Mr. Lewis's king-size ambitions and insecurities in his struggling show-biz family (his parents devoted themselves primarily to his father's career as a would-be Jolson), and in his sometime hometown of Irvington, N.J., which in the 1930s was rife with German-American support for Hitler."
  129. ↑ Smith, Steve. "Joe Morello, Drummer with Dave Brubeck Quartet, Dies at 82", The New York Times, March 13, 2011. Accessed July 16, 2011. "Joe Morello, a jazz drummer whose elegant, economical playing in the Dave Brubeck Quartet sounded natural and effortless even in unusual time signatures, died on Saturday at his home in Irvington, N.J. He was 82."
  130. ↑ via Associated Press. "Irvington native Raheem Morris named head coach of Tampa Bay Buccaneers", The Star-Ledger, January 17, 2009. Accessed June 9, 2011. "The 32-year-old, a 1994 Irvington High School graduate, oozed enthusiasm during a news conference to introduce him as Jon Gruden's successor on Saturday, even if he did not offer specifics about his plan to help the Bucs climb back among the NFL's elite."
  131. ↑ Grimes, William. "Sybil R. Moses, Prosecutor and Longtime New Jersey Judge, Dies at 69", The New York Times, January 24, 2009. Accessed June 9, 2011. "Sybil Rappaport was born in Newark and grew up in Irvington, N.J."
  132. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. "Essex Sheriff and 2 Aides Indicted With a Former Democratic Chief; Sheriff Seeking Re-Election", The New York Times, August 24, 1979. Accessed December 23, 2014. "Also named in the indictment were William J. Leonardis, 59, of Newark, chief inspector of the Sheriff's office since 1972, and Rocco Neri, 60, of Irvington, undersheriff since 1975."
  133. ↑ "MRS. NOYES GETS AIR POST; Irvington Woman Is Appointed Federal Marking Pilot.", The New York Times, August 14, 1936. Accessed January 2, 2008. "Mrs. Blanche Noyes of Irvington, N.J., was appointed today an air-marking pilot for the Bureau of Air Commerce by Eugene L. Vidal, the director. Mrs. Noyes has been flying since 1929 and was one of the first ten women pilots to receive an air transport license."
  134. ↑ Staff. "Robert I. Perina ’43", Princeton Alumni Weekly, October 9, 1991. Accessed December 23, 2014. "BOB DIED Aug. 2, 1991, in Madison, Wisc., at the age of 70. A native of Irvington, New Jersey., he graduated from Newark Academy in Livingston, from Princeton in 1943, and from the Univ. of Wisconsin Law School in 1953."
  135. ↑ Wise, Brian. "Eclectic Sounds of New Jersey, Echoing From Coast to Coast", The New York Times, February 8, 2004. Accessed March 9, 2012. "Raised in Irvington, Mr. Randolph, 25, learned to play pedal steel guitar at age 16 by watching so-called Sacred Steel players in the House of God Church, an African-American Pentecostal denomination in Orange."
  136. ↑ Vrentas, Jenny. "Irvington grad Nate Robinson headed to Giants", The Star-Ledger, April 28, 2008. Accessed December 23, 2014. "Nate Robinson, a DT from Irvington, will sign a free-agent contract with the Giants, he said this morning."
  137. ↑ Who is Mark Rudd?, MarkRudd.com, dated July 2005. Accessed April 19, 2007. "Mark was born on June 2, 1947 in Irvington, N.J."
  138. ↑ "Former New Jersey Born Italian /American Pitcher: Al Santorini (1968-1973)", centerfieldmaz, May 18, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2014. "Alan Joel Santorini was born May 19, 1948 in Irvington, New Jersey. Santorini attended Union high school starring in baseball by the mid sixties."
  139. ↑ Home page, Artie Schroeck. Accessed February 8, 2014. "Artie Schroeck was born in Irvington, New Jersey, October 10, 1938, the youngest of 4 boys."
  140. ↑ Hanley, Robert. "Irvington Mayor Indicted On 5 Counts of Corruption", The New York Times, April 5, 2002. Accessed December 23, 2014. "State Assemblyman Craig A. Stanley, a Democrat who declared his candidacy for mayor of Irvington on Wednesday, called the indictment a 'low blow' for the city's residents."
  141. ↑ "Kay Sutton", The New York Times. Accessed December 23, 2014.
  142. ↑ Miller, Stephen. "Robert Zoellner, Alpine Associates Founder, Dies at 82", Bloomberg News, December 31, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2014. "Robert Emil Zoellner was born on April 26, 1932, in Irvington, New Jersey, to Emil John Zoellner and the former Anna Elizabeth Morton."

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