Isoxsuprine

Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-{1-Hydroxy-2-[(1-methyl-2-phenoxyethyl)amino]propyl}phenol
Clinical data
Pronunciation	eye-SOCK-syoo-preen
Trade names	Duvadilan, Vasodilan
MedlinePlus	a682831
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only)
Routes of administration	Oral (tablets)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	~100% (humans), 2.2% (horses; oral)
Onset of action	1 hour
Biological half-life	<3 hours (horses)
Excretion	Mainly renal
Identifiers
CAS Number	395-28-8
ATC code	C04AA01 (WHO)
PubChem	CID: 3783
DrugBank	DB08941
ChemSpider	3651 Y
UNII	R15UI3245N Y
KEGG	D08092 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1197051 N
Chemical data
Formula	C18H23NO3
Molecular mass	301.39 g·mol−1
SMILES O(c1ccccc1)CC(NC(C)C(O)c2ccc(O)cc2)C
InChI InChI=1S/C18H23NO3/c1-13(12-22-17-6-4-3-5-7-17)19-14(2)18(21)15-8-10-16(20)11-9-15/h3-11,13-14,18-21H,12H2,1-2H3 Y Key:BMUKKTUHUDJSNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y

Isoxsuprine (used as isoxsuprine hydrochloride) is a drug used as a vasodilator in humans (under the trade name Duvadilan) and equines. Isoxsuprine is a β₂ adrenoreceptor agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle via β₂ receptors.

Use

In humans

Isoxsuprine it is used in humans for treatment of premature labor, i.e. a tocolytic, and as a vasodilator for the treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, and other conditions.

Isoxsuprine may increase the heart rate, cause changes in blood pressure, and irritate the GI tract. It should therefore be used with caution if combined with other drugs that affect blood pressure, such as sedatives and anesthetic drugs.

In horses

Isoxsuprine is most commonly used to treat hoof-related problems in the horse, most commonly for laminitis and navicular disease, as its effects as a vasodilator are thought to increase circulation within the hoof to help counteract the problems associated with these conditions. Isoxsuprine is given orally, and many horses find the pills quite palatable. Isoxsuprine is a prohibited class B drug in FEI-regulated competition, and is often prohibited by other equine associations. It may be detected in the urine for several weeks or months following administration. It is therefore important to check the drug-rules within an animal's given competitive organization, before administering the drug.

Because it is a vasodilator, it should not be used in horses that are bleeding, or in mares following foaling.