Jeanne Duval
| Jeanne Duval | |
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Duval as Baudelaire's Mistress, Reclining by Édouard Manet
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| Born | Possibly Jeanne Duval, Jeanne Prosper, or Jeanne Lemer c. 1820 Jacmel, Haiti |
| Died | 1862 Paris, France |
| Residence | 6 rue de la Femme-sans-tête Paris, France |
| Partner(s) | Charles Baudelaire |
Jeanne Duval (French pronunciation: [ʒan dyˈval]) (c.1820 – 1862) was a Haitian-born actress and dancer of mixed French and black African ancestry. For 20 years, she was the muse of French poet and art critic Charles Baudelaire. They met in 1842, when Duval left Haiti for France, and the two remained together, albeit stormily, for the next two decades. Duval is said to have been the woman whom Baudelaire loved most, in his life,[1] after his mother. She was born in Haiti on an unknown date, sometime around 1820.
Poems of Baudelaire's which are dedicated to Duval or pay her homage are: "Le balcon", "Parfum exotique", "La chevelure", "Sed non satiata", "Le serpent qui danse", and "Une charogne".
Baudelaire called her "mistress of mistresses" and his "Vénus Noire" ("Black Venus"), and it is believed that, to him, Duval symbolized the dangerous beauty, sexuality, and mystery of a Creole woman in mid-nineteenth century France.[2] She lived at 6, rue de la Femme-sans-tête (Street of the Headless Woman), near the Hôtel Pimodan.[3]
Édouard Manet, a friend of Baudelaire, painted Duval in his 1862 painting Baudelaire's Mistress, Reclining.[4] She was, by this time, going blind.[5]
Duval may have died of syphilis as early as 1862, five years prior to Baudelaire, who also died of syphilis.[6] Other sources also claim that Duval survived Baudelaire.[7] Nadar claimed to have seen Duval, last, in 1870—by this time she was on crutches, suffering heavily from syphilis.[8]
Popular culture
Jeanne Duval serves as a main character in Caribbean author Nalo Hopkinson's The Salt Roads, a work of historic fiction,[9] and also in the title story of the collection Black Venus by Angela Carter.[10] The film My Heart Laid Bare, currently in production at Disruptive Element Films, is about the life of Jeanne Duval.[11]
The noted American conceptual artist Lorraine O'Grady has developed a 16-diptych photo-installation featuring paired images of Charles Baudelaire and Jeanne Duval called Flowers of Evil and Good. Preliminary studies for this installation have already been exhibited in such spaces as the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, the Thomas Erben Gallery, New York, and Galerie Fotohof, Salzburg, Austria.[12] O'Grady has also written extensively about the relationship of Charles and Jeanne in such publications as Mousse Magazine[13] and Pétunia: magazine féministe d’art contemporain et de loisirs.[14]
In addition, Jeanne Duval is the inspiration for a song called "Street of Roses" by then-Soviet heavy metal band Aria, on their 1987 album Hero of Asphalt.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ baud1
- ↑ Black Venus - Angela Carter
- ↑ Charles Baudelaire - Jeanne Duval
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "Charles Pierre Baudelaire Biography", Encyclopedia of World Biography.
- ↑ http://homepages.westminster.org.uk/art_history/Baudelaire.htm
- ↑ Abigail Bray, "Infective Writing: Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil and Angela Carter's 'Black Venus'", in Anne Brewster, Marion Campbell, Ann McGuire, Kathryn Trees (eds), Yorga Wangi: Postcolonialism and Feminism. Journal of the South Pacific Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies, Number 37, 1993.
- ↑ https://www.eff.org/Misc/Publications/Bruce_Sterling/Catscan_columns/catscan.12
- ↑ Science Fiction Book Reviews Archived September 10, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ disruptive element films | filmography Archived October 5, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Cecilia Alemani, "Living Symbols of New Epochs" (interview with Lorraine O'Grady), Mousse, Issue #24.
- ↑ [2]
External links
- 20 English translations of Baudelaire's poem "The Balcony", addressed to Jeanne Duval
- Articles with hCards
- Articles with unsourced statements from May 2013
- 19th-century French actresses
- French stage actresses
- 1820 births
- 1862 deaths
- People from Jacmel
- 19th-century Haitian people
- Haitian stage actresses
- Haitian people of Mulatto descent
- Deaths from syphilis
- Haitian emigrants to France
- 20th-century women artists
