Jules Romains

Jules Romains
Jules Romains, photo taken by Martinie
Born	Louis Henri Jean Farigoule (1885-08-26)26 August 1885 Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire
Died	Paris
Occupation	Poet and writer
Language	French
Education	lycée Condorcet École normale supérieure
Literary movement	Unanimism
Notable awards	Elected to the Académie française
Signature

Louis Henri Jean Farigoule (26 August 1885 – 14 August 1972), better known by his pen name Jules Romains, was a French poet and writer and the founder of the Unanimism literary movement. His works include the play Knock ou le Triomphe de la médecine, and a cycle of works called Les Hommes de bonne volonté (Men of Good Will). Sinclair Lewis called him one of the six best novelists in the world.

He was nominated for the Nobel prize in literature sixteen times.

Life

Jules Romains was born in Saint-Julien-Chapteuil in the Haute-Loire but went to Paris to attend first the Lycée Condorcet and then the prestigious École Normale Supérieure. He was close to the Abbaye de Créteil, a utopian group founded in 1906 by Charles Vildrac and René Arcos, which brought together, among others, the writer Georges Duhamel, the painter Albert Gleizes and the musician Albert Doyen. He received his agrégation in philosophy in 1909.

In the interwar years, he pleaded the cause of pacifism and a united Europe against incipient fascism and despotism. In 1927, he signed a petition (that appeared in the magazine Europe on 15 April) against the law on the general organization of the nation in time of war, abrogating all intellectual independence and all freedom of expression. His name on the petition appeared with those of Lucien Descaves, Louis Guilloux, Henry Poulaille, Séverine... and those of the young Raymond Aron and Jean-Paul Sartre from the École normale supérieure.

His novel The Boys in the Back Room (Les Copains, literally "the pals") appeared in English in 1937.

During World War II he went into exile first to the United States where he spoke on the radio through the Voice of America and then, beginning in 1941, to Mexico where he participated with other French refugees in founding the Institut Français d'Amérique Latine (IFAL).

A writer on many varied topics, Jules Romain was elected to the Académie française on 4 April 1946, occupying chair 12 (of 40). He served as President of PEN International, the worldwide association of writers from 1936 to 1941. In 1964, Jules Romains was named citizen of honor of Saint-Avertin. Following his death in Paris in 1972, his place in the Académie française was taken by Jean d'Ormesson.

Jules Romains is remembered today, among other things, for his concept of Unanimism and his cycle of novels in Les Hommes de bonne volonté (The Men of Good Will), a remarkable literary fresco depicting the odyssey over a quarter century of two friends, the writer Jallez and politician Jerphanion, who provide an example in literature of Unanimism.

Unanimism

Romains originally considered unanimism to mean an opposition to individualism or to the exaltation of individual particularities; universal sympathy with life, existence and humanity. In later years, Romains defined it as connected with the end of literature within "representation of the world without judgment", where his social ideals comprise the highest conception of solidarity as a defense of individual rights. His first book was La vie unanime, published in 1904, and in the preface to Men of Goodwill he identified the ideas in it as essentially the same as those of that later work.

The Red Envelope catalog company, in their 2007 Holiday catalog, surprisingly featured Les Createurs on the cover in a photograph, showing a female model playfully frustrated with her husband, a male model posing as a detached intellectual, half-heartedly helping her to decorate the Christmas tree, while his attention is focused on reading Les Createurs.

Works

• Men of Goodwill (Les Hommes de bonne volonté, 1932-1946; 27 volumes Paris: Calmann Lévy)
• The body's rapture (Psyche), London: John Lane, 1933
• Tussles with time (Violation de Frontières, 1951), London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1952
• The Death of a Nobody (Mort de quelqu'un, 1911)

Filmography

• Knock, directed by René Hervil (1925, based on the play Knock)
• Knock ou le triomphe de la médecine, directed by Roger Goupillières and Louis Jouvet (1933, based on the play Knock)
• Donogoo Tonka, directed by Reinhold Schünzel (1936, based on the play Donogoo)
  • Donogoo, directed by Reinhold Schünzel and Henri Chomette (1936, based on the play Donogoo)
• Dr. Knock, directed by Guy Lefranc (1951, based on the play Knock)
• Les Copains, directed by Yves Robert (1965, based on the novel Les Copains)
• Knock, directed by Lorraine Lévy (2017, based on the play Knock)

Screenwriter

• L'Image, directed by Jacques Feyder (1923)
• Volpone, directed by Maurice Tourneur (1941)

Bibliography

• André Bourin, Jules Romains discuté par Jules Romains, 1961.
• Mauthner, Martin, Otto Abetz and His Paris Acolytes - French Writers Who Flirted with Fascism, 1930–1945. Sussex Academic Press, 2016, (ISBN 978-1-84519-784-1)
• Jules-Romains, Lise, Les vie inimitables, Souvenirs, Paris: Flammarion, 1985.
• Robert de Ribon, "Jules Romains et Son Art," La Revue Hebdomadaire, Vol. I, 1925.
• Dominique Viart, Jules Romains et les écritures de la simultanéité, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 1996.

External links

• Works by Jules Romains at Hathi Trust
• Works by Jules Romains at Gallica
• Poems by Jules Romains
• PEN International
• Newspaper clippings about Jules Romains in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by H. G. Wells	International President of PEN International 1936–1939	Succeeded by Denis Saurat