Kazumura Cave
| Kazumura Cave | |
|---|---|
| Location | Hawaii County, Hawaii |
| Depth | 3,613 feet (1,101 m) |
| Length | 40.7 miles |
| Geology | Aila'au Lava Flow (500 years old) |
| Entrances | 101 |
| Difficulty | Easy to Difficult |
| Hazards | Varied |
| Access | Private |
Kazumura Cave is a lava tube and has been surveyed at 40.7 miles long and 3,614 feet deep making it the longest and deepest lava tube in the world.[1][2] The cave is located on the island of Hawaii on the eastern slope of Kilauea. Kilauea is the most recently active volcano on the Big Island. The Aila'au lava flow that contains Kazumura Cave originated from the Kilauea Iki Crater about 500 years ago.[2][3]
History
One of the earliest documentations of Kazumura Cave was in 1966 when one of its entrances was designated as a fallout shelter.[2] By the early 1970s, the cave had entered into the awareness of the caving community when Francis Howarth discovered new troglobitic invertebrate species.[2] Later in 1981, a British expedition ended up surveying 7.27 miles of the cave and it was then recognized as one of the world's longest lava tubes.[2]
By 1993, a single year of extensive surveying established that it was the longest in the world.[4] Originally Kazumura was two separate caves known as Upper Kazumura and Old Kazumura. Kevin Allred and Mike Meyer connected the two caves after seeing a small connection between the two caves and enlarging it to permit entry. More connections were made later at Paradise Park Cave when it was connected to Kazumura through a breakdown pile. Later, a culvert was installed to keep the passage stable. Sexton Cave was discovered nearby; its passage ended where Kazumura's began. After some digging in black lava rock, Kevin and Mike Shambaugh got close to connecting these two caves. Eventually Shambaugh connected them after continuous digging. Kevin and Carlene Allred then surveyed the combined caves to a total of 29.32 miles, which made it the longest lava tube in the world.[4]
Meanwhile, the next cave upslope was Ola'a Cave which was nearly connected to Sexton but was sealed off by more black lava rock. The cave would later be connected to Kazumura by Kevin and Shambaugh in 1995.[5] Smaller caves near Old Kazamura were also connected, including Hawaiian Acres # 1, Fern's, and Doc Bellou Caves. The latter two are connected by a tight crawlway.[4]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Kevin and Carlene Allred recorded their work in the Kazamura Cave Atlas: a complete map of all passages of Kazamura Cave. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
