The list of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers (commonly referred to as Alphas)[1] includes initiated and honorary members of Alpha Phi Alpha (ΑΦΑ), the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students.[2] Originally founded in December 1905 as a literary society by CC Poindexter, it was established as a fraternity on December 4, 1906 at Ithaca, New York. It wasn't until 1952, when James Morton was removed as Jewel. [3] Alpha Phi Alpha opened chapters at other colleges, universities, and cities, and named them with Greek letters. Members traditionally pledge into a chapter, although some members were granted honorary status prior to the fraternity's discontinuation of the practice of granting honorary membership. A chapter name ending in "Lambda" denotes an alumni chapter.[4] The only alumni chapter that does not end in "Lambda" is Rho Chapter, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
No chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha is designated Omega, the last letter of the Greek alphabet that traditionally signifies "the end". Deceased brothers are respectfully referred to as having joined Omega Chapter.[5] Frederick Douglass is distinguished as the only member initiated posthumously when he became an exalted honorary member of Omega chapter in 1921.[6]
The fraternity through its college and alumni chapters serves the community through nearly a thousand chapters in the United States, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean.[7]
The fraternity has been led by 33 General Presidents. Its membership includes two premiers; three governors; a vice president, three senators; a Supreme Court justice; two presidential candidates; Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize, Lenin Peace Prize, Kluge Prize, Golden Globe, Academy Award, Grammy Award, and Emmy Award winners; French Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre laureates; at least four Rhodes Scholars; eighteen diplomats; fourteen Presidential Medal of Freedom, five Congressional Gold Medal, and seventeen Spingarn Medal recipients; and eighteen Olympians. Buildings, monuments, stadiums, arenas, courthouses, and schools have been named after Alpha men, such as the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge, the Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium, the Edward W. Brooke Courthouse, the John H. Stroger Cook county hospital, and the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport.
The House of Alpha
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The honor of serving as General President is especially heartfelt when one recognizes that in "The House of Alpha", the President is "One Among Equals."
James R. Williams[8]
The House of Alpha was written in 1946 by fraternity brother Sydney P. Brown as a dedicatory statement for the "Alpha House" (fraternity house) of Theta Chapter and Xi Lambda chapter who jointly shared the fraternity house. Loyalty to the Fraternity was repeatedly urged by brothers on the part of those who were among the initiated, and for every chapter with the vision of a fraternity house. The statement has become a manifesto for the national fraternity and chapters, as each may symbolically be referred to as a "House of Alpha".[9][10]
Eugene K. Jones, sometimes referred to as "The Visionary Jewel", once said:
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Alpha Phi Alpha, the oldest of Negro Fraternities, with all of its members presumably far above the average American and having a good and practical understanding of the salient factors involved in the Negro's problem...should be able to take into their hands the leadership in the Negro's struggle for status.[11]
Here follows a list of notable Alphas.
-
Founders
|
Charter for Alpha Phi Alpha's Alpha chapter with signatures of founders, Cornell University, circa 1906
|
Academia
Educators
Ninety-five percent of all Black colleges have been headed by an Alpha.[10]
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Herman Branson |
Beta Gamma |
President of Central State University and Lincoln University; co-discoverer of the alpha helix; sickle-cell physicist |
[16][17] |
James P. Brawley |
Alpha Phi |
President of Clark College |
[18] |
Calvin Burnett |
Delta Lambda |
President of Coppin State University |
[19] |
Julius Chambers |
Gamma Beta |
Attorney who argued in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University |
[19][20] |
James Cheek |
Beta Rho |
President of Howard University |
[21] |
Thomas W. Cole, Jr. |
Alpha Sigma |
First President of Clark Atlanta University, President of West Virginia State University, Interim Chancellor of University of Massachusetts Amherst |
[22] |
Thomas W. Cole, Sr. |
Alpha Sigma |
President of Wiley College; 21st General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][19] |
Matthew Davage |
Alpha Phi |
President of Clark College, now Clark Atlanta University |
[18] |
William B. Delauder |
Beta Alpha |
President of Delaware State University |
[21] |
James Douglas |
Delta Theta |
President of Texas Southern University |
[19] |
John Malcus Ellison |
Gamma |
First African American President of Virginia Union University, 1941 |
[14] |
Floyd H. Flake |
Zeta Gamma Lambda |
Former US Congressman from New York; President of Wilberforce University; Pastor of Greater Allen Cathedral of New York |
[23][24] |
Ernest A. Finney, Jr. |
Delta Alpha |
Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court; South Carolina House of Representatives; Interim President of South Carolina State University |
[21][25] |
Luther H. Foster, Jr. |
Beta Gamma |
Fourth President of Tuskegee University |
[26] |
Luther H. Foster, Sr. |
Gamma Phi |
President of Virginia State University |
[27] |
Norman Francis |
Sigma Lambda |
President of Xavier University; President of Louisiana Recovery Authority; 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient |
[28][29] |
Robert Michael Franklin, Jr. |
Eta Lambda |
President of Morehouse College |
[30] |
James Gavin |
Gamma Mu |
President of Morehouse School of Medicine |
[18] |
Hugh Gloster |
Alpha Rho |
President of Morehouse College |
[18] |
George Gore, Jr. |
Tau Lambda |
Fifth President of Florida A&M University; Interim President of Fisk University; founder of Alpha Kappa Mu Honor Society |
[31][32] |
Cornelius Henderson |
Alpha Phi |
President of Gammon Theological Seminary |
[19][33] |
Charles A. Hines |
Beta |
President of Prairie View A&M University; Major General |
[34] |
Ernest Holloway |
Beta Kappa |
14th President of Langston University |
[19] |
John Hope |
Eta Lambda |
First Black President of Morehouse College; President of Atlanta University; co-founder of the Niagara Movement and NAACP; fourth President of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History; 1936 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[18][35][36][37] |
Freeman A. Hrabowski III |
Gamma Iota |
President of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; social activist |
[38][39] |
Frederick Humphries |
Beta Nu |
Eighth President of Florida A&M University |
[21] |
Charles S. Johnson |
Theta |
Editor of the National Urban League's Opportunity magazine; first Black President of Fisk University |
[14] |
Walter M. Kimbrough |
Zeta Pi |
President of Dillard University; author |
[21][40] |
Raphael Lanier |
Mu Lambda |
United States Ambassador to Liberia; first President of Texas Southern University |
[16] |
Thomas F. Law |
Delta Rho |
First President of Saint Paul's College |
[19] |
John H. Lewis |
Zeta |
President of Morris Brown College |
[18] |
John Middleton |
Nu Eta Lambda |
President of Morris Brown College |
[18] |
Luna Mishoe |
Alpha Psi Lambda |
President of Delaware State University |
[41] |
Joseph T. McMillan, Jr. |
Beta |
First President of Huston-Tillotson College |
[19] |
Frederick D. Patterson |
Alpha Nu |
Third President of Tuskegee University; co-founder of the United Negro College Fund (UNCF); 1987 Presidential Medal of Freedom; 1988 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[28][35][42] |
Benjamin Payton |
Beta Delta |
Fifth President of Tuskegee University |
[19] |
Henry Ponder |
Beta Kappa |
President of Talladega College, Fisk University and Benedict College; 28th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha; vice chairman of the World Policy Council |
[13][16][43] |
Earl Richardson |
Delta Nu |
President of Morgan State University |
[19] |
John B. Slaughter |
Kappa Tau |
President of University of Maryland and Occidental College; first African American Director of the National Science Foundation |
[44] |
Kent J. Smith, Jr. |
Beta Sigma |
16th President of Langston University |
[19] |
Louis Wade Sullivan |
Alpha Rho |
Secretary of Health and Human Services; co-founder and first President of Morehouse School of Medicine |
[21] |
Ronald Temple |
Delta Gamma Lambda |
President of City Colleges of Chicago |
[21] |
Walter Washington |
Gamma Upsilon |
President of Alcorn State University; 24th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][19] |
Charles H. Wesley |
Zeta |
President of Central State University; President of Wilberforce University; Executive Director and President of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASALH); 14th General President and Historian of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][21][37] |
Sidney David Williams |
Beta Zeta |
Fourth President of Elizabeth City State University |
[45] |
|
|
Professors and researchers
Rhodes scholars
The Rhodes Scholarship is the world's oldest and arguably most prestigious international fellowship. The scholarships have been awarded to applicants annually since 1902 by the Rhodes Trust in Oxford on the basis of academic qualities, as well as those of character.
Business
Entertainment
Music
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Cannonball Adderley |
Beta Nu |
Jazz saxophonist |
[72] |
Gerald Albright |
Iota Chi |
Jazz saxophonist |
[21] |
Jerry Butler |
Xi Lambda |
Songwriter, composer; former lead singer of The Impressions; 1991 inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; 1993 NAACP Image Award Hall of Fame inductee |
[21] |
Duke Ellington |
Alpha Zeta Lambda |
Composer, bandleader, actor; Grammy Award winner; 1959 Spingarn Medal and 1969 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; Pulitzer Prize in recognition of his musical genius |
[21][35][73] |
Marc Gay |
Beta |
Singer in the R&B group Shai |
[21] |
Lionel Hampton |
Phi |
Jazz percussionist and bandleader; National Medal of Arts recipient; Goodwill Ambassador for the United States |
[72][74] |
Antonio Hart |
Sigma |
Jazz saxophonist |
[21] |
Donny Hathaway |
Beta |
Songwriter and arranger for The Staple Singers, Jerry Butler, and Aretha Franklin; singer who recorded duets with Roberta Flack; recorded the theme song to the TV series Maude |
[21][75] |
Fletcher Henderson |
Alpha Phi |
Pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music |
[76] |
Ja A. Jahannes |
Nu |
Poet, playwright, composer, and spoken word artist |
[72] |
Edward Griffin |
Epsilon Tau |
CEO of hip hop U-C-IT LLC |
[77] |
Carl Martin |
Beta |
Singer in the R&B group Shai |
[72] |
Lionel Richie |
Alpha Nu Lambda |
Singer and member of the Commodores; Grammy Award and Academy Award winner; 2003 Hollywood Walk of Fame honoree |
[72][78] |
Noble Sissle |
Theta |
Jazz composer, lyricist, bandleader, and singer of the Harlem Renaissance; lyricist of Shuffle Along, which became the first hit musical on Broadway written by and about African-Americans |
[79][80] |
Darnell Van Rensalier |
Beta |
Singer in the R&B group Shai |
[72] |
Jonathan White |
Gamma Delta |
Jazz composer, saxophonist |
[72] |
|
|
Film, television and theatre
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Darryl M. Bell |
Delta Zeta |
Actor, best known for A Different World |
[21] |
Andra Fuller |
Tau Alpha |
Actor, best known for Black Jesus, Roomies, Lovers, & Friends; LA Complex |
[21] |
Bret "E." Benson |
Mu Gamma |
TV and film actor; motivational speaker |
[21] |
Benny Boom |
Pi Rho |
Director of music videos |
[21] |
Matthew Braham |
Zeta Mu |
Actor |
|
Rusty Cundieff |
Alpha Delta |
Actor, writer; director of Tales from the Hood and Chappelle's Show; correspondent on TV Nation |
[21] |
Trevon Davis |
Alpha Phi |
Theatre actor in Dreamgirls; finalist on BET's Sunday's Best; appeared on MTV's Making the Band 4 |
[81] |
Rel Dowdell |
Alpha Chi |
Writer and director of feature films Train Ride and Changing the Game |
[21] |
Todd Duncan |
Mu Lambda |
First Black person to sing with a major opera company; the original Porgy in George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess; 1984 George Peabody Medal of Music recipient |
[21][82] |
Derek Fordjour |
Delta Chi |
Producer of The Black Sorority Project: The Exodus, the story of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority |
[83] |
Kevin Grevioux |
Beta |
Writer, producer, actor in Underworld films, The Mask, Steel, Congo, Planet of the Apes |
[84] |
Sydney Hall |
Beta |
Actor in The Deal, Lord of War, and Generation Kill |
[85][86] |
Kefla Hare |
Xi Beta |
Television actor; reality television cast member, Road Rules: Down Under, Hip Hop Harry actor, You Are Not The Man I Married |
[21] |
Gary Hardwick |
Epsilon |
Producer, writer, director of The Brothers, Deliver Us from Eva, Radio, and Bring It On |
[21] |
Omari Hardwick |
Zeta Pi |
Actor in Saved, Dark Blue, Power, and The A-Team |
[87][88] |
Rob Hardy |
Beta Nu |
Film director, film producer, screenwriter, and television director |
[89] |
Hill Harper |
Kappa Phi Lambda |
Actor on Limitless, CSI: NY; author of Letters to a Young Brother |
[90][91] |
Christian Keyes |
Alpha Phi Alpha |
Television and movie actor, singer, and model; Diary of a Mad Black Woman, Let's Stay Together, Moonlight, Sex Chronicles |
[92] |
J.L. Kirkwood |
Beta Eta |
Spoken word artist; best-selling author; TLC's Four Weddings; BET Telly Award Winning Journey of Peace; ABC Chicagoing; HGTV House Hunters, DeVry Commercials; J.P. Morgan Chase Commercials; 107.5 WGCI #1 Spoken Word Artist |
[93] |
Gabriel Langley |
Beta Sigma |
Cast member on College Hill, the first African American reality television show |
[21] |
Vaughn Lowery |
Alpha |
Spokesmodel for Joe Boxer |
[94][95] |
Yohance Myles |
Beta Upsilon |
Actor; best known for Hours, Common Law |
|
William Packer |
Beta Nu |
Producer and director of films, including The Gospel, Pandora's Box, Stomp the Yard, and Trois |
[96] |
Joseph C. Phillips |
Iota Zeta Lambda |
Actor on The Cosby Show, General Hospital, and Strictly Business; political commentator on NPR's News and Notes with Ed Gordon |
[21] |
Randal Pinkett |
Kappa Phi Lambda |
Fourth winner of NBC's reality show The Apprentice; Rhodes Scholar |
[60][61] |
Kevin Powell |
Zeta Eta |
Cast member of The Real World: New York; political activist; poet; writer; entrepreneur |
[97] |
Tim Reid |
Eta Lambda |
Actor, Sister, Sister, WKRP in Cincinnati, That 70's Show |
[98] |
Paul Robeson |
Nu |
NFL player; actor; singer; attorney; social activist, 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate |
[35][99] |
Kareem Taylor |
Alpha Phi |
Voice actor on CNN Heroes and Black in America |
[100] |
Terrell Tilford |
Alpha Epsilon |
Television and movie actor, Soul Food, Days Of Our Lives, Guiding Light, One Life To Live, The Protector |
[101] |
Drew Watkins |
Beta |
Producer of Inside the NBA; two-time Emmy Award winner |
[34] |
Keenen Ivory Wayans |
Gamma Phi |
Creator of comedy series In Living Color; actor, comedian, writer, director; Emmy Award winner |
[21] |
Jamar White |
Delta Chi |
Producer of The Black Sorority Project: The Exodus, the story of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority |
[83] |
|
|
Government, law, and public policy
- Note: individuals who belong in multiple sections appear in the first relevant section.
Vice Presidents and Supreme Court
Cabinet and Cabinet-level ranks
Members of the United States Congress
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US Governors and Lieutenant Governors
Diplomats
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Orison Rudolph Aggrey |
Gamma Iota |
Ambassador to Republic of The Gambia, Republic of Senegal, and Romania |
[67] |
Archibald Carey, Jr. |
Theta |
Diplomat; attorney; Circuit Court Judge; Pastor |
[126][127] |
Walter Carrington |
Sigma |
Ambassador to Republic of Senegal and Federal Republic of Nigeria |
[128][129] |
Horace Dawson |
Nu |
Ambassador to Republic of Botswana; Director of the Ralph Bunche International Affairs Center, Howard University; Chairman of the World Policy Council |
[16] |
Frederick Douglass |
*Honorary* |
Minister to Republic of Haiti; anti-slavery activist |
[28][130] |
Lionel Hampton |
Phi |
Goodwill Ambassador; jazz percussionist and bandleader; National Medal of Arts recipient |
[72][74] |
James A. Joseph |
Beta Sigma |
Ambassador to South Africa; Under Secretary of Interior |
[21] |
Kenton Keith |
Upsilon |
Ambassador to State of Qatar |
[43] |
Raphael Lanier |
Mu Lambda |
Minister to Liberia; first President of Texas Southern University |
[16] |
Delano Lewis |
Upsilon |
Ambassador to South Africa; President and Chief Executive Officer of National Public Radio; President of The Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company |
[21][131] |
Donald McHenry |
Eta Tau |
Ambassador to United Nations |
[67] |
John H. Morrow |
Delta Iota |
First United States Ambassador to Guinea after its independence; first US Representative to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
[132][133] |
Gerald Eustis Thomas |
Sigma |
Ambassador to Guyana and Kenya; Admiral, US Navy |
[25][134] |
Terence Todman |
unknown |
Ambassador to Republic of Chad, Guinea, Costa Rica, Spain, Denmark, and Argentina |
[25][134] |
Lester Walton |
Eta |
Minister to Liberia |
[135][136] |
Clifton Reginald Wharton, Sr. |
Sigma |
Ambassador to Norway and Minister to Romania |
[64][137] |
Franklin H. Williams |
Nu |
Ambassador to Republic of Ghana and the United Nations; President of the Phelps-Stokes Fund |
[21] |
Andrew Young |
Beta |
Ambassador to The United Nations; Representative from Georgia; two-term Mayor of Atlanta; 1990 Governor of Georgia candidate; 1978 Spingarn Medal, 1981 Presidential Medal of Freedom, and French Légion d'honneur recipient |
[28][35][138][139] |
|
|
Mayors
Judges and lawyers
Seventy-five percent of all Black male lawyers are Alphas.[10]
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Robert Benham |
Eta Lambda |
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia |
[18] |
Joe Brown |
Kappa Eta |
Host of the syndicated show Judge Joe Brown; presided over James Earl Ray's last appeal for Ray's conviction for the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. |
[21][152] |
Robert L. Carter |
Nu |
Pivotal role in Sweatt v. Painter, Brown v. Board of Education, and NAACP v. Alabama; US District Court Judge; 2004 Spingarn Medal recipient; Federal District Appellate Judge |
[35][153][154] |
Julius Chambers |
Gamma Beta |
Attorney in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University |
[19][20] |
Christopher Darden |
Epsilon Mu |
Prosecutor in the murder trial of O. J. Simpson |
[155] |
Milton C. Davis |
Gamma Phi |
Assistant Attorney General of the state of Alabama who researched and wrote opinions which led Governor George Wallace to pardon Clarence Norris, the last known surviving defendant in the international cause célèbre case of the Scottsboro Boys; 29th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][156] |
Harry T. Edwards |
unknown |
Justice for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit |
[67] |
Ernest A. Finney, Jr. |
Delta Alpha |
Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court; South Carolina House of Representatives; Interim President of South Carolina State University; attorney in the civil rights case styled The Friendship 9 |
[21][25] |
Charles Hamilton Houston |
Sigma |
Chief architect of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund's strategy for racial equality in dismantling the Jim Crow laws; first Black editor of the Harvard Law Review; 1950 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[35][64][157] |
Harry E. Johnson |
Beta Tau |
President of the Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation, Inc., which oversees the fundraising, design, and construction of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial; 31st General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][158] |
Damon Keith |
Alpha Zeta |
Chief Justice of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan who famously ruled in United States v. Sinclair (upheld in United States v. US District Court) that President Nixon's Attorney General John Mitchell had to disclose the transcripts of illegal wiretaps that Mitchell had authorized without first obtaining a search warrant; 1974 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[67][159] |
Belford Lawson, Jr. |
Epsilon |
Co-founder of New Negro Alliance; successfully argued in United States Supreme Court cases styled New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. to safeguard the right to boycott, and Henderson v. United States which abolished segregation in railroad dining cars; 16th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][160] |
Greg Mathis |
Gamma Lambda |
Host of television series Judge Mathis |
[161][162] |
Daryl D. Parks |
Beta Nu |
Managing partner in the law firm that represented the parents of Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown, and the family of Eric Garner |
[163] |
Jawn Sandifer |
Alpha Omicron |
Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court; one of two staff lawyers for the NAACP who successfully argued Henderson v. United States |
[164][165] |
Michael A. Shipp |
Delta Iota |
Nominated as a judge for the US District Court for the District of New Jersey by President Obama on January 23, 2012 |
[166] |
Arthur Shores |
Alpha Beta |
Attorney in Lucy v. Adams, which prevented the University of Alabama from denying admission to applicants solely on account of race or color; civil rights activist; namesake of the Arthur Davis Shores Law Center and A. D. Shores Park in Birmingham, Alabama |
[167][168] |
Charles Z. Smith |
Beta Nu |
First African-American to serve as Washington State Supreme Court Justice 1998-2002; first African-American to serve as King County Superior Court judge and Seattle Municipal Court judge; served as a special assistant to United States Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy (1960-64) to investigate corruption related to Teamster Union pension funds; brought an indictment in Chicago against Teamster Union President James Hoffa; appointed by President Clinton in 1999 to the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |
[169] |
A. P. Tureaud |
Beta |
Attorney in Garner v. Louisiana, which legalized sit-in protests at segregated private businesses and restaurants |
[170][171] |
Horace Ward |
Alpha Rho |
Senator of Georgia; first African American to serve on the federal bench in Georgia |
[18][172] |
|
|
Other US political and legal figures
Government officials outside the U.S.
Journalists and media personalities
Literature
Military service
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
David L. Brewer |
Gamma Zeta |
Admiral, United States Navy; Superintendent of L.A. Unified School District, community activist |
[205] |
Wesley A. Brown |
Sigma |
Lieutenant Commander; first Black graduate from United States Naval Academy; the Wesley A. Brown Field House at the US Naval Academy is named in his honor |
[206] |
Roscoe Cartwright |
Alpha Zeta |
General, United States Army |
[28] |
Victor Daly |
Alpha |
French Croix de Guerre recipient; novelist and author |
[207] |
Amos M. Gailliard Jr. |
Zeta Zeta Lambda |
One-star general, United States Army, New York Guard |
|
Walter E. Gaskin |
Delta Eta |
Three-star general, United States Marine Corps |
[208] |
Fred A. Gorden |
Mu Beta Lambda |
Brigadier General; first African-American First Captain of the West Point Academy |
[28][209] |
Samuel L. Gravely, Jr. |
Gamma |
First African American Admiral, United States Navy; first African American to command a US fleet; the Arleigh Burke class warship USS Gravely (DDG 107) was named in his honor and commissioned on November, 20th 2010 |
[21] |
Benjamin Thurman Hacker |
Epsilon Mu Lambda |
Rear Admiral, United States Navy |
[21] |
Edward Honor |
Beta Sigma |
Major General, United States Army |
[21] |
James McCall |
Psi |
Major General Chief in the Pentagon Budget Office |
[28] |
Charles McGee |
Tau |
Colonel, United States Air Force; original Tuskegee Airman and 30 year career officer in the USAF; holds an Air Force record 409 fighter combat missions flown in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam; awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, Air Medal, and Army Commendation Medals; awarded the Congressional Gold Medal by President George W. Bush in 2007; inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2011 |
[145] |
Winston E. Scott |
Alpha Phi Lambda |
Astronaut, Johnson Space Center |
[21] |
Bobby Wilks |
Alpha Eta |
First African American Coast Guard aviator; first African American to reach the rank of Coast Guard captain |
[145] |
Johnnie E. Wilson |
Theta Theta Lambda |
Four-star general, United States Army |
[190] |
Clifton Stanley Hardy |
Tau |
Commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the U.S Army, Regional translator for the 365th infantry(french) World War I |
[190] |
|
|
Religion
|name=Qu'Derrick R. Covington |chapter=Epsilon Zeta |nota=Founder/President of It Is Finished Ministries
Science
Sixty percent of all Black Male Doctors and sixty-five percent of all Black Male Dentists are Alphas.[10]
Service and social reform
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Julius Chambers |
Gamma Beta |
Attorney in the Supreme Court case styled Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education; third Director-Counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; President of North Carolina Central University |
[19][20] |
Frederick Douglass |
Omega
(Honorary) |
United States Ambassador to Haiti; anti-slavery activist |
[28][130] |
W. E. B. Du Bois |
Epsilon
(Honorary) |
Co-founder of Niagara Movement and NAACP; founder and Editor-in-Chief of The Crisis; first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University; 1920 Spingarn Medal recipient; author of The Souls of Black Folks |
[28][35] |
Lloyd L. Gaines |
Alpha Psi |
Central figure of one of the most important cases in the US civil rights movement, the Supreme Court case styled Gaines v. Canada |
[221] |
Lester Granger |
Theta Zeta |
3rd Executive Secretary of the National Urban League |
[28] |
Dick Gregory |
Beta Eta |
1968 Presidential candidate; comedian, social activist, writer |
[28][222] |
George Edmond Haynes |
Beta |
Founder and First President of the National Urban League; first African American to receive a PhD from Columbia University |
[223] |
John Hope |
Eta Lambda |
First Black President of Atlanta University; President of Atlanta University; co-founder of the Niagara Movement and NAACP; fourth President of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); 1936 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[18][35][36][37] |
T. J. Jemison |
Beta Upsilon |
Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference; President of the National Baptist Convention; organized the Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953 |
[21] |
Charles S. Johnson |
Theta |
Editor of the National Urban League's Opportunity magazine; first Black President of Fisk University |
[14] |
Lyman T. Johnson |
Gamma |
Plaintiff whose successful legal challenge opened the University of Kentucky to African-American students in 1949 |
[224] |
Eugene K. Jones |
Alpha |
Co-founder of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity; second Executive Director of the National Urban League; Member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet |
[12][14] |
Martin Luther King, Jr. |
Sigma |
1962 Nobel Peace Prize; civil rights activist; co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established in his honor; 1957 Spingarn Medal, 1977 Presidential Medal of Freedom, and 2004 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; first African American with a memorial on the National Mall |
[28][35][213] |
Martin Luther King III |
Eta Lambda |
President and CEO of the King Center for Nonviolent Social Change; former president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) |
[30] |
Rayford Logan |
Omicron |
First Executive Director of the National Urban League; Member of President Franklin D Roosevelt's Black Cabinet; 2nd Executive Director of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); 1980 Spingarn Medal recipient; 15th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha |
[13][110] |
Joseph Lowery |
Eta Lambda |
Co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); delivered the benediction at the inauguration of Barack Obama in 2009; 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient |
[30] |
Jesse E. Moorland |
Beta |
Co-founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH); namesake of Howard University's Moorland-Spingarn Research Center |
[225][226] |
Marc Morial |
Psi |
Louisiana State Legislature; Mayor of New Orleans; 8th CEO of the National Urban League |
[28][150] |
Floyd McKissick |
unknown |
2nd President of Congress of Racial Equality; Founder of Soul City |
[227][228] |
Hugh Bernard Price |
Eta Alpha Lambda |
7th President of the National Urban League |
[21] |
Paul Robeson |
Nu |
NFL player, Actor and singer; social activist, 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate |
[35][99] |
Jawn Sandifer |
Alpha Omicron |
Chief Justice of the New York Supreme Court; one of two staff lawyers for the NAACP who successfully argued Henderson v. United States |
[164][165] |
Ozell Sutton |
Pi Lambda |
Co-founder of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children; 2012 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; 26th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity; Original Monford Point Marine |
[229] |
Heman Sweatt |
Alpha Sigma |
Plaintiff in the US Supreme Court case styled Sweatt v. Painter, which successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson |
[230] |
Channing Heggie Tobias |
Beta |
Chairman of the NAACP, Director of the Phelps-Stokes Fund; 1948 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[35][231] |
C. T. Vivian |
Eta Lambda |
Civil rights activist and aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; 2013 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; author and humanitarian |
[232] |
Wyatt Tee Walker |
Gamma |
Co-founder and 3rd Executive Director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); Civil and human rights activist |
[210][233] |
Alfred Bitini Xuma |
unknown |
President of the African National Congress |
[234][235] |
Max Yergan |
Theta |
2nd President of the National Negro Congress; Co-founder of the International Council on African Affairs; 1933 Spingarn Medal recipient |
[35][236][237] |
Whitney Young |
Beta Mu |
4th President of the National Urban League; 1968 Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient; namesake of the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge |
[238] |
|
|
Sports
- Note: individuals who belong in multiple sections appear in the first relevant section.
Olympics
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Dave Albritton |
Kappa |
1936 Olympian, high jump; inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of Fame, 1980 |
[239] |
Don Barksdale |
Gamma Xi |
1948 Olympian and first African American to play with the USA Olympic Basketball Team; NBA player |
[240][241] |
Walt Bellamy |
Gamma Eta |
1960 Olympian NBA player; NBA Rookie of the Year(1962); NBA Hall of Fame (1993) |
[242] |
Quinn Buckner |
Gamma Eta |
1976 Olympian; NBA player |
[21][243] |
James A. Butts |
Eta Pi Lambda |
1976 Olympian, track and field |
[244] |
Otis Davis |
Alpha Delta |
Winner of two gold medals for record-breaking performances in both the 400 metres and 4x400 metres relay at the 1960 Summer Olympics |
[245] |
Phil Edwards |
Eta |
Olympic athlete and winner of five bronze medals |
[245] |
Sayon Cooper |
Delta Xi |
2000 Olympian, track and field |
[246] |
Edward Gourdin |
Alpha Eta |
1924 Olympian; first man to make 25 feet in the long jump |
[247][248] |
Chris Huffins |
Alpha Epsilon |
Bronze medalist in 2000 Olympics |
[249] |
Cornelius Johnson |
unknown |
1932 and 1936 Olympian; high jump |
[250] |
Mel Lattany |
Zeta Pi |
Gold medal winner at the IAAF World Cup, Summer Universiade, and Liberty Bell Classic; was not able to compete in the 1980 Olympics due to the US boycott on Russia, but held the world record that year in 100m |
[245] |
Ralph Metcalfe |
Nu Xi |
Representative from Illinois; 1932 and 1936 Olympian |
[21][251] |
Manteo Mitchell |
Nu Zeta |
2012 silver medalist in track and field |
[252] |
Godfrey Murray |
Epsilon |
1972 Track and field Olympian |
[253] |
Jesse Owens |
Kappa |
1936 Olympian in track and field; Associated Press Athlete of the Year, 1936; 1976 Presidential Medal of Freedom and 1990 Congressional Gold Medal recipient; namesake of the Jesse Owens Memorial Stadium at Ohio State University |
[21][254] |
Fritz Pollard, Jr. |
Alpha Gamma |
1936 Olympian, 110m hurdles |
[250] |
Mike Powell |
Omicron Eta |
1988 and 1992 Olympian, long jump |
[21] |
Andrew Stanfield |
Alpha Alpha Lambda |
1952 and 1956 Olympian, track and field |
[250] |
Eddie Tolan |
Epsilon |
1932 Olympian, 100 and 200 metres |
[246] |
Lenny Wilkens |
Zeta Pi Lambda |
NBA player and coach; 1996 Olympian, Basketball Coach |
[21][255] |
Archibald Williams |
Alpha Epsilon |
1936 Olympian, track and field |
[250] |
John Woodruff |
Omicron |
1936 Olympian, track and field |
[250] |
Kevin Young |
Gamma Xi |
1988 and 1992 Olympian, track and field |
[240][256] |
|
|
American basketball
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Nate Archibald |
Theta Delta Lambda |
NBA player; Basketball Hall of Fame; voted one of the NBA 50 All Time Greatest Players |
[21] |
Don Barksdale |
Gamma Xi |
1948 Olympian and first African American to play with the USA Olympic Basketball Team; first African American consensus All American college basketball player; NBA player; first African American to play in the NBA All-Star game; Basketball Hall of Fame |
[240][241] |
Walt Bellamy |
Gamma Eta |
1960 Olympian NBA player, Basketball Hall of Fame |
[257] |
Junior Bridgeman |
Delta Chi Lambda |
NBA player; 12 years in the NBA; his number was retired by the Milwaukee Bucks |
[246] |
John O. Brown |
unknown |
Basketball coach for Dillard University |
[246] |
Quinn Buckner |
Gamma Eta |
1976 Olympian; NBA player, 10 seasons in the NBA |
[21][243] |
Todd Day |
Kappa Kappa |
NBA player, 9 seasons in the NBA |
[28] |
Wayne Embry |
Delta Upsilon |
NBA player and General Manager; five-time NBA All-Star; Basketball Hall of Fame |
[41] |
Clyde Fletcher |
Kappa Kappa |
NBA player, player for Arkansas Razorbacks 1990 NCAA Final Four team |
[258][259] |
Walt Frazier |
unknown |
NBA player; Basketball Hall of Fame; two-time NBA Champion; seven-time NBA All-Star, 4x All NBA First Team; two-time All NBA Second Team; seven-time All Defensive First Team; NBA 50th Anniversary All-Time Team |
[260][261] |
Dolly King |
unknown |
NBL player (predecessor of the NBA) |
[262] |
Stan McKenzie |
Delta Lambda |
NBA player, 7 seasons in the NBA |
[263] |
Jim McMillian |
Eta |
NBA player; three-time college All-American; three-time Haggerty Award winner, 9 seasons in the NBA |
[264] |
Chris Mills |
Eta Epsilon Lambda |
NBA player, 10 seasons in the NBA |
[28] |
Bobby Phills |
Beta Sigma |
NBA player, Continental Basketball Association player |
[41] |
Garrett Temple |
Nu Psi |
NBA player |
[265] |
Wes Unseld |
unknown |
NBA player and coach; Basketball Hall of Fame |
[28] |
Walt Wesley |
Upsilon |
NBA player, ten seasons in the NBA |
[263] |
Lenny Wilkens |
Zeta Pi Lambda |
NBA player and coach; second most wins all-time in NBA history; 1994 NBA Coach of the Year; 1996 Olympian; Basketball Coach; Basketball Hall of Fame; twice inducted into the Hall of Fame as both a player and a coach, the first and only African American so honored |
[21][255] |
John "Hot Rod" Williams |
Rho Iota |
NBA player, 13 seasons in the NBA |
[28] |
George Gregory |
Eta |
In 1931, he became the first black basketball player to be selected as an All-American |
|
|
|
Name |
Original chapter |
Notability |
References |
Emmanuel Arceneaux |
Delta Kappa |
NFL player, Minnesota Vikings |
[266] |
Bobby Bell |
Mu |
National Football League (NFL) player, Pro Football Hall of Fame |
[267][268] |
Gordon Bell |
Epsilon |
NFL player |
[269] |
Wes Chandler |
Theta Sigma |
NFL player; four-time Pro Bowl player; two-time college All American; 2014 College Football Hall of Fame inductee |
[21] |
Michael Clayton |
Nu Psi |
NFL player |
[270] |
Don Coleman |
Gamma Tau |
NFL player; first African American All-American football player at Michigan State University; first MSU player to have jersey retired; first African American to serve on the MSU coaching staff; member of College Football Hall of Fame |
[271] |
Greg Coleman |
Beta Nu |
NFL player; first African American punter in the NFL |
[246] |
Marco Coleman |
Nu Mu |
NFL player; 14 seasons in the NFL; Pro Bowler |
[272] |
Canute Curtis |
Pi Mu |
NFL player |
[273] |
Chris Doleman |
Omicron |
NFL player, Pro Football Hall of Fame; eight-time Pro Bowl selection; three-time First Team All Pro selection; two-time Second Team All Pro selection; four-time First Team All NFC; two-time Second Team All NFC; NFL 1990's All Decade Team |
[274] |
Donald Driver |
Delta Kappa |
NFL player; three-time Pro Bowler; author |
[270] |
Carl Eller |
Mu |
NFL player, 2004 Pro Football Hall of Fame |
[274] |
Mel Farr, Jr. |
Gamma Xi |
NFL player |
[240][275] |
Mike Farr |
Gamma Xi |
NFL player |
[240][276] |
Charles Fisher |
Pi Mu |
NFL player, 12 years in the NFL |
[277] |
Barry Foster |
unknown |
NFL player, two-time Pro Bowler |
[277] |
Julius Franks |
Epsilon |
First African American to become an All-American football player at the University of Michigan |
[278] |
Derrick Gaffney |
Theta Sigma |
NFL player, 9 years in the NFL |
[279][280] |
Nesby Glasgow |
Alpha Xi |
NFL player, 14 years in the NFL |
[281][282] |
Barrett Green |
Pi Mu |
NFL player, 7 years in the NFL |
[273] |
Sammy Green |
Theta Sigma |
NFL player |
[279][283] |
Rosey Grier |
Gamma Nu |
NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler; singer; actor; best known for The Thing with Two Heads; helped apprehend Sirhan Sirhan in the immediate aftermath of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination |
[284] |
Charles Haley |
Xi Delta |
NFL player; 2015 Pro Football Hall of Fame; five-time Pro Bowl player |
[28] |
T. J. Heath |
Xi Xi |
NFL player, Jacksonville Jaguars |
[266] |
Darryl Henley |
Gamma Xi |
NFL player and college All American |
[285] |
Eddie Hinton |
Zeta Zeta |
NFL player, Baltimore Colts; played in Super Bowl V; former all-time leading receiver at the University of Oklahoma |
[286] |
Darius Holland |
Alpha Iota |
NFL player, 10 seasons in the NFL |
[287] |
Germain Ifedi |
Pi Omicron |
NFL player |
[288] |
Duke Ihenacho |
Epsilon Mu |
NFL player |
[289] |
Michael Jackson |
Mu Xi |
NFL player, 8 years in the NFL |
[28] |
Trezelle Jenkins |
Epsilon |
NFL player |
[277] |
Demetrious Johnson |
Zeta Alpha |
NFL player; founder of the Demetrious Johnson Charitable Foundation |
[290] |
Ron Johnson |
Epsilon |
NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler; College Football Hall of Fame; college football All-American; Chairman of the National Football Foundation |
[291] |
Tyrell Johnson |
Theta Upsilon |
NFL player; starting strong safety for the Minnesota Vikings, 2008 to present |
[266] |
Dhani Jones |
Epsilon |
NFL player, 11 seasons in the NFL; TV personality |
[246] |
Steve Jordan |
Alpha Gamma |
NFL player; six-time Pro Bowler |
[246] |
Lewis Kelly |
Beta Delta |
NFL player, 6 seasons |
[292] |
Reggie Kelly |
Kappa Beta |
NFL player |
[293] |
Carnell Lake |
Gamma Xi |
NFL player; five-time Pro Bowler; NFL 1990s All Decade Team |
[21] |
Henry Lawrence |
Beta Nu |
NFL player; two-time Pro Bowler |
[246] |
Mark Lee |
Alpha Xi |
NFL player, 11 years in the NFL |
[281][294] |
Cliff Louis |
Delta Alpha Lambda |
NFL signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2007; former member of the Jacksonville Jaguars, New York Giants, Florida Tuskers, Arizona Cardinals, Edmonton Eskimos, Detroit Lions, and Dallas Cowboys; offensive tackle for the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League |
[274] |
Mike Merriweather |
Nu Chi |
NFL player, three-time Pro Bowl player |
[246] |
Ronald Moore |
Gamma Chi |
NFL player |
[295] |
Bill Munsey |
Mu |
NFL player CFL player |
[267] |
Adrian Murrell |
Pi Mu |
NFL player, 10 years in the NFL |
[277] |
Marques Murrell |
Pi Nu |
NFL player |
[270] |
Leo LeMarcus Newman |
Alpha Eta Lambda |
NFL player |
[277] |
Vincent Newsome |
Alpha Xi |
NFL player, current assistant director of pro personnel for Baltimore Ravens |
[296] |
Roman Oben |
Alpha Pi |
NFL player, 9 years in the NFL |
[297] |
Brig Owens |
Alpha Alpha |
NFL player, 11 years in the NFL; included in the list of "70 Greatest Redskins" |
[246] |
Michael Pittman |
Epsilon Beta |
NFL player, 10 years in the NFL |
[270] |
Fritz Pollard |
Alpha Gamma |
One of the first two Black players in the NFL in 1920; first Black head coach in the NFL; 2005 Pro Football Hall of Fame |
[28] |
Marcus Pollard |
Epsilon Kappa |
NFL player, 14 years in the NFL |
[21] |
Jethro Pugh |
Beta Zeta |
NFL player, 13 years in the NFL |
[246] |
Jay Ratliff |
Omicron Kappa |
NFL player; three-time Pro Bowl selection; First Team All Pro selection |
[266] |
Ken Riley |
Beta Nu |
NFL player, 15 years in the NFL |
[298] |
Paul Robeson |
Nu |
NFL player; two-time college football All-American; College Football Hall of Fame; actor and singer; social activist; 1945 Spingarn Medal recipient; Stalin Peace Prize laureate |
[35][99] |
Eddie Robinson |
Beta Iota Lambda |
Head of the Grambling State University football program for 56 years; the winningest coach in college football history; first coach to record 400 wins; 408 total career wins |
[246] |
Bernard Russ |
Pi Mu |
NFL player |
[273] |
Art Shell |
Delta Nu |
NFL player, four-time Pro Bowl player; Pro Football Hall of Fame; second Black head coach in the NFL |
[41] |
Olaniyi Sobomehin |
Alpha Xi |
NFL player |
[270] |
Max Starks |
Theta Sigma |
NFL player, two-time Super Bowl Champion |
[299] |
Sandy Stephens |
Mu |
NFL player; First African American All-American Quarterback, Rose Bowl Hall of Fame |
[267][300] |
Lemuel Stinson |
Eta Upsilon |
NFL player |
[246] |
Woody Strode |
Alpha Delta |
NFL player; one of the first two African-Americans to play in the NFL's modern (post-World War II) era; actor; nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor |
[301] |
Billy Taylor |
Epsilon |
Michigan University football All American and school record holder of rushing yardage, CFL player |
[302] |
John Thornton |
Pi Mu |
NFL player, 9 years in the NFL |
[277] |
Wallace Triplett |
Gamma Nu |
NFL player, first African-American to be drafted into and play in the NFL |
[303] |
Gene Upshaw |
Gamma Chi Lambda |
NFL and AFL player; 1987 Pro Football Hall of Fame; President of National Football League Players Association (NFLPA); NFLPA Headquarters building in Washington D.C. named in his honor |
[21] |
Kenny Washington |
Alpha Delta |
One of the first two African-Americans to play in the NFL's modern (post-World War II) era; member of the College Football Hall of Fame |
[246] |
Raymond Webber |
Gamma Delta |
NFL player, Tampa Bay Buccaneers |
[266] |
Aron White |
Zeta Pi |
NFL player, Atlanta Falcons |
[304] |
Gerald Williams |
Omicron Kappa |
NFL player; 11 seasons in the NFL |
[305] |
J. Mayo Williams |
Alpha Gamma |
NFL player; one of the first African Americans to play professional football; recording artist elected to the Blues Hall of Fame |
[306] |
Reggie Williams |
Theta Zeta |
NFL player; 2007 College Football Hall of Fame Inductee; 1986 NFL Man of the Year; 1987 Sports Illustrated Co-Sportsman of the Year; former Cincinnati City Councilman |
[307][308] |
Claudius Wright |
Zeta Theta |
NFL player |
[277] |
Eric Wright |
Zeta Alpha |
NFL player, two-time Pro Bowl player |
[41] |
Jason Wright |
Alpha Mu |
NFL player |
[246] |
|
|
Other athletics
Other Alphas
General Presidents
|
- Moses A. Morrison, 1908–09
- Roscoe C. Giles, 1910
- Frederick H. Miller, 1911
- Charles H. Garvin, 1912–13
- Henry L. Dickason, 1914–15
- Henry A. Callis, 1915
- Howard H. Long, 1916–17
- William A. Pollard, 1917–18
- Daniel D. Fowler, 1919
- Lucius L. McGee, 1920
- Simeon S. Booker, 1921–23
- Raymond W. Cannon, 1924–27
- Bert A. Rose, 1928–1931
- Charles H. Wesley, 1932–40
- Rayford W. Logan, 1941–45
- Belford V. Lawson, Jr., 1946–51
- Antonio M. Smith, 1952–54
- Frank L. Stanley, 1955–57
- Myles A. Paige, 1957–60
- William H. Hale, 1961–62
- T. Winston Cole, Sr., 1963–64
- Lionel H. Newsom, 1965–68
- Ernest N. Morial, 1968–72
- Walter Washington, 1973–76
- James R. Williams, 1977–80
- Ozell Sutton, 1981–84
- Charles C. Teamer, 1985–88
- Henry Ponder, 1989–92
- Milton C. Davis, 1993–96
- Adrian L. Wallace, 1997–2000
- Harry E. Johnson, 2001–04
- Darryl R. Matthews, Sr., 2005–08
- Herman "Skip" Mason, Jr. 2009-April 2012
- Aaron Crutison (acting), April 2012-December 2012
- Mark S. Tillman, 2013-present
|
- Source: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
|
Citations
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. v, Preface to the First Edition
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=kcKJ7LTWjm8C&pg=PA75&dq=james+morton+alpha+phi+alpha+founder&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_0_qbo5DMAhUH8z4KHXuOCEYQ6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q=james%20morton%20alpha%20phi%20alpha%20founder&f=false
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 82
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 122
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 135–136
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 273
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "vuu" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 21.25 21.26 21.27 21.28 21.29 21.30 21.31 21.32 21.33 21.34 21.35 21.36 21.37 21.38 21.39 21.40 21.41 21.42 21.43 21.44 21.45 21.46 21.47 21.48 21.49 21.50 21.51 21.52 21.53 21.54 21.55 21.56 21.57 21.58 21.59 21.60 21.61 21.62 21.63 21.64 21.65 21.66 21.67 21.68 21.69 21.70 21.71 21.72 21.73 21.74 21.75 21.76 21.77 21.78 21.79 21.80 21.81 21.82 21.83 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 402
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 28.24 28.25 28.26 28.27 28.28 28.29 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1969
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.7 34.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 35.15 35.16 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 41.7 41.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Sphinx magazine Fall 2010 volume 95 no.3 pages 57-58
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 219
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Mosaics magazine University of Missouri-Columbia College of Art and Sciences winter 2000 page 28
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sphinx magazine, Spring 2003 pg.14-15, Volume 88, No.1
- ↑ 67.00 67.01 67.02 67.03 67.04 67.05 67.06 67.07 67.08 67.09 67.10 67.11 67.12 67.13 67.14 67.15 67.16 67.17 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 72.5 72.6 72.7 72.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Biography for Lionel Richie at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Kevin Grevioux at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Rob Hardy at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Biography for Vaughn Lowery at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 Biography for Paul Robeson at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Kareem Taylor at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Biography for Terrell Tilford at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 453–454
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 481–482
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 110.0 110.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 115.0 115.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Sphinx Magazine Winter 2013 / Spring 2014 volume 100 no.1, pages 39 and 51
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2010 volume 95 no.3, page 11
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 139,327
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ 124.0 124.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 341,344
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 417
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 134.0 134.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 135.0 135.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 145.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "sphinxwinter2011" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 313,404,467
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Judge Mathis at IMDb
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 Wesley 1981, pp. 298,301,304,306–307,309,323,344
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- ↑ for Judicial Nominees[dead link]
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 283,307,367,373,377,385,447
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 189.0 189.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "PT" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ 190.0 190.1 190.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "pul" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "pul" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sphinx Magazine/Winter/spring 2012 page 47
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 210.0 210.1 210.2 210.3 210.4 210.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 213.0 213.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Sphinx Magazine Fall 2004 volume 89 number 1 page 75
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 110,149,154,157
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 281,294,303,313
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 149,154–155,165,238,276–277,307.338,346
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 148,239
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 277
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, p. 231
- ↑ 240.0 240.1 240.2 240.3 240.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 241.0 241.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 243.0 243.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 245.0 245.1 245.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 246.00 246.01 246.02 246.03 246.04 246.05 246.06 246.07 246.08 246.09 246.10 246.11 246.12 246.13 246.14 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 250.0 250.1 250.2 250.3 250.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Wesley 1981, pp. 231,481
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 255.0 255.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 263.0 263.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 266.0 266.1 266.2 266.3 266.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "NICFB10" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "NICFB10" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "NICFB10" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ 267.0 267.1 267.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 270.0 270.1 270.2 270.3 270.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 273.0 273.1 273.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 274.0 274.1 274.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "nicnfl" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "nicnfl" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 277.0 277.1 277.2 277.3 277.4 277.5 277.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 278.0 278.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 279.0 279.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 281.0 281.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
<templatestyles src="Template:Quote_box/styles.css" />
House of Alpha
GOODWILL is the monarch of this house. Men, unacquainted, enter, shake hands, exchange greetings, and depart friends. Cordiality exists among all who abide within.
I am the eminent expression of friendship. Character and temperament change under my dominant power. Lives once touched by me become tuned, and are thereafter, amiable, kindly, fraternal.
I inspire the musician to play noble sentiments, and assist the chemist to convert ungenerous personalities into individuals of great worth. I destroy all ignoble impulses. I constantly invoke principles which make for common brotherhood, and the echo resounds in all communities, and princely men are thereby recognized. Education, health, music, encouragement, sympathy, laughter—all these are species of interest given on self-invested capital.
Tired moments find me a delightful treat, hours of sorrow, a shrine of understanding—at all times I am faithful to the creed of companionship.
To a few, I am the castle of dreams—ambitious, successful, hopeful dreams. To many, I am the poetic palace where human feeling is rhymed to celestial motives; to the great majority, I am the treasury of good fellowship.
In fact, I am the college of friendship; the university of brotherly love; the school for the better making of men.
I AM ALPHA PHI ALPHA!
—Sydney P. Brown
References
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
This section lists printed references used for this article. For inline citations, see
citations above.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links