List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri

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The National Historic Landmarks (NHLs) in the U.S. state of Missouri represent Missouri's history from the Lewis and Clark Expedition, through the American Civil War, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Space Age. There are 37 National Historic Landmarks in Missouri.[1] One site in Missouri was once a National Historic Landmark but later had its designation withdrawn when it failed to meet the program's criteria for inclusion.[2][3] The NHLs are distributed across fifteen of Missouri's 114 counties and one independent city, with a concentration of fifteen landmarks in the state's only independent city, St. Louis.

The National Park Service (NPS), a branch of the U.S. Department of the Interior, administers the National Historic Landmark program. The NPS is responsible for determining which sites meet the criteria for designation or withdrawal as an NHL as well as identifying potential candidates for the program, through theme studies. The NPS and the National Park System Advisory Board then meet to determine the historical significance of these candidates. The final decision regarding a site's designation as a National Historic Landmark is made by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior. However, the owner of a property may object to the designation of that property as an NHL. In such cases, the site is only "eligible for designation." A property eligible for NHL status is also eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[4][5] Designated National Historic Landmarks are listed on the NRHP, which includes historic properties that the National Park Service has determined to be worthy of preservation. While NHL areas are deemed to carry national historic significance, other NRHP properties may only be significant at local or state levels.[4]

Five historic sites in Missouri are in the U.S. National Park system. These are automatically listed in the NRHP and include one U.S. National Monument, one National Memorial, one National Battlefield, and two National Historic Sites.[6][7]

Current National Historic Landmarks

[nb 1] Landmark name Image Date designated[nb 2] Location County Description
1 Anheuser-Busch Brewery
November 13, 1966
(#66000945)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) The buildings in Anheuser-Busch's brewing district date from the late 1800s and are made of brick. Many are decorated with gargoyles and other such figures on the exterior. In addition, the company has also added new buildings and renovated older ones, but the district's status as a historic site has not been compromised.[8]
2 Arrow Rock
May 23, 1963
(#66000422)
Arrow Rock
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Saline The crossing of the Missouri River at Arrow Rock, which was recorded in the 1700s, played an important role in early explorations, such as the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804, that led to the opening of the American West. A ferry was later established near Arrow Rock, at what became a starting point for traders on the Santa Fe Trail. The district is now home to Arrow Rock State Park.[9]
3 George Caleb Bingham House
December 21, 1965
(#66000423)
Arrow Rock
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Saline George Caleb Bingham, a painter, lived in this house from 1837–1845. During his time at this house, Bingham first sketched the Missouri River and local frontier life that later turned into his "genre" works.[10]
4 Louis Bolduc House
A palisade wooden fence around a brown wooden house with a sharply angled gray roof and two chimneys.
April 15, 1970
(#69000305)
Ste. Genevieve
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Ste. Genevieve This home was the residence of Louis Bolduc from around 1785 until his death in 1815. Bolduc was a lead miner, merchant, and planter, and was one of the local leaders of Ste. Genevieve, a small town. The house itself is an example of one in the French Colonial style of poteaux-sur-solle, or posts on sill, with a stone foundation. It also utilizes bouzillage (clay and grass) as a wall filling.[11]
5 Carrington Osage Village Site Upload image
July 19, 1964
(#66000425)
Nevada
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Vernon This site was occupied by the Big Osage tribe of Native Americans from around 1775–1825, and was the group's last area of residence in the southwestern portion of Missouri, as they were later confined to a Kansas reservation. The site is representative of the culture of the Big Osage, because it appears to have been a major trading area for the tribe.[12]
6 Christ Church Cathedral
October 12, 1994
(#90000345)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) Construction for the church began in 1859, but the structure was not completed until 1867. The Gothic Revival building was designed by architect Leopold Eidlitz, even though he was not devoted to the Gothic style.[13]
7 "Champ" Clark House Upload image
December 8, 1976
(#76001114)
Bowling Green
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Pike This house served as the residence of James Beauchamp Clark from 1899 until his death in 1921. Clark was the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1911–1919.[14]
8 Eads Bridge
monochrome brick and steel bridge, spanning a river
January 29, 1964
(#66000946)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) This steel bridge was built in 1874, at a total length of 6,442 feet (1,964 m). It was designed by Captain James B. Eads, who used a system of cantilevers to allow for the bridge's long length. At the time of its construction, the Eads Bridge was used primarily as a means to connect railroads running westward to Missouri and those running eastward to Illinois.[15]
9 Joseph Erlanger House
December 8, 1976
(#76002234)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) This house was the home of Joseph Erlanger from 1917 until his death in 1965. Erlanger was an American physiologist and a co-recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. More recently, the house fell into a state of disrepair because its owner was unable to maintain the structure.[16]
10 Field House
March 29, 2007
(#75002137)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) This was the home of attorney Roswell Field, who represented slave Dred Scott in the U.S. Supreme Court case Scott v. Sandford (1857).[17] Also the birthplace of Field's son, author Eugene Field, the house is currently known as the Eugene Field House and St. Louis Toy Museum.[18]
11 Fort Osage
Three trees in foreground on cut grass, farmhouse-style buildings across background
November 5, 1961
(#66000418)
Sibley
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Jackson This factory trading post was established by William Clark in 1808. Built for the protection of the Osage Indians, Fort Osage experienced success in as a trade house until the end of the factory system in 1822.[19]
12 Gateway Arch
Night view of a city skyline, with skyscrapers in the background, a towering arch in the center and a river in the foreground
May 28, 1987
(#87001423)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) The tallest man-made monument in the U.S., the arch is based on a weighted catenary design conceived by Finnish American architect Eero Saarinen. In 1967, the 630 feet (190 m) structure was opened to the public as part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.[20][21]
13 Goldenrod (showboat)
December 24, 1967
(#67000029)
Kampsville[nb 3]
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Calhoun[nb 3] A rare remaining example of an early-1900s era showboat, this vessel once held 1,400 passengers. The Goldenrod Showboat featured entertainers in minstrel shows, vaudeville, or drama.[23]
14 Graham Cave
January 20, 1961
(#66000420)
Mineola
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Montgomery In 1949, remnants of Archaic American civilization were found in this cave. Dating back to 8,000 B.C., these remains indicate a blending of Eastern and Plains cultures at Graham Cave, which is now part of Graham Cave State Park.[24]
15 Scott Joplin Residence
Scott Joplin House
December 8, 1976
(#76002235)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 76002235
16 Liberty Memorial
September 20, 2006
(#00001148)
Kansas City
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Jackson This building of this memorial started with a group of about 40 citizens, a Memorial Association led by Robert A. Long, and a dedication to build a memorial to the fallen soldiers of WW I. With funding secured (a massive fund raising that brought in over 2.5 million dollars) and approval from the city council, construction began on November 1, 1921. The Groundbreaking ceremony was the first and last gathering a group of men that included: Lieutenant General Baron Jacques of Belgium, Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France, General Armando Diaz of Italy, Admiral Earl Beatty of Great Britain, and General John Pershing of the United States. The dedication, on November 11, 1926, was attended by U.S. President Calvin Coolidge. The Liberty Memorial is home to The National World War I Museum
17 Missouri Botanical Garden
small white statue in ornate garden with right arm raised
December 8, 1976
(#71001065)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 71001065
18 Mutual Musicians Association Building Upload image
December 21, 1981
(#79001372)
Kansas City
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Jackson Center of "Kansas City Style" of jazz
19 Patee House
November 5, 1961
(#66000414)
St. Joseph
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Buchanan NRHP 66000414
20 General John J. Pershing Boyhood Home
May 11, 1976
(#69000111)
Laclede
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Linn A boyhood home of General John J. Pershing
21 Research Cave Upload image
July 19, 1964
(#66000415)
Portland
Coordinates missing
Callaway NRHP 66000415
22 Ste. Genevieve Historic District
October 9, 1960
(#66000892)
Ste. Genevieve
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Ste. Genevieve NRHP 66000892
23 Sanborn Field and Soil Erosion Plots
July 19, 1964
(#66000413)
Columbia
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Boone Located on the University of Missouri campus the research conducted here helped establish soil conservation policy in the United States. The organism Streptomyces aureofaciens the original source of the drug Chlortetracycline (Aeruomycin), the first tetracycline antibiotic, was isolated here.
24 Shelley House
December 14, 1990
(#88000437)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 88000437
25 Tower Grove Park
December 20, 1989
(#72001556)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 72001556
26 Harry S Truman Farm Home
white slatted 2 story house with green door
February 4, 1985
(#78001650)
Grandview
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Jackson
27 Harry S Truman Historic District
wooden white house, slatted with horizontal planks, trees in the background
November 11, 1971
(#71001066)
Independence
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Jackson NRHP 71001066
28 Mark Twain Boyhood Home
December 29, 1962
(#66000419)
Hannibal
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Marion A boyhood home of Mark Twain
29 Union Station
white building panorama with statues in foreground
December 30, 1970
(#70000888)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 70000888
30 United States Customhouse And Post Office
top-down view of huge building with 4 stories, monochrome, corner of street
December 30, 1970
(#68000053)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 68000053
31 Utz Site Upload image
July 19, 1964
(#66000424)
Marshall
Coordinates missing
Saline NRHP 66000424
32 Wainwright Building
dark red seven story building in front of construction site
May 23, 1968
(#68000054)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 68000054
33 Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District
February 27, 1987
(#79003636)
St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 79003636
34 Watkins Mill
November 13, 1966
(#66000416)
Excelsior
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Clay NRHP 66000416
35 Westminster College Gymnasium
May 2, 1968
(#68000030)
Fulton
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Callaway NRHP 68000030
36 White Haven
green wooden building, large driveway, trees
June 23, 1986
(#79003205)
Grantwood Village
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St. Louis NRHP 79003205
37 Laura Ingalls Wilder House
Laura Ingalls Wilder House
July 17, 1991
(#70000353)
Mansfield
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Wright NRHP 70000353

Historic National Park Service areas

National Historical Parks, some National Historic Sites, some National Monuments, and certain other areas in the National Park system are highly protected historic landmarks of national importance, often listed before the inauguration of the NHL program in 1960 and not later named NHLs. There are five of these areas in Missouri. However, these five are listed by the National Park Service together with the other NHLs in Missouri.[6][7]

[nb 1] Landmark name[1] Image Date listed[1] Locality[1] County[1] Description
1 George Washington Carver National Monument 100px 1943 Diamond
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Newton
2 Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site light green and white building, large tree in foreground 1989 Grantwood Village
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St. Louis
3 Jefferson National Expansion Memorial huge arching parabolic structure, reflected in the water, at dusk 1966 St. Louis
St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 66000941
4 Harry S. Truman National Historic Site wooden white house, slatted with horizontal planks, trees in the background 1985 Independence
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Jackson NRHP 85001248
5 Wilson's Creek National Battlefield two cannons with wooden wheels and metal barrels, in a field 1960 Republic
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Greene

Former National Historic Landmarks

If an area currently designated as a National Historic Landmark is no longer eligible under the criteria for inclusion, its designation may be withdrawn. This usually occurs when the property undergoes any change that reduces or eliminates its national significance, usually demolition, addition, or other alterations. NHL status can be considered for withdrawal at the request of a property's owner or by the Secretary of the Interior. However, a former NHL can still remain on the National Register of Historic Places if it meets the necessary criteria for that listing. As of January 2009, only 28 sites are former (delisted) NHLs.[2]

[nb 1] Landmark name[1] Image Date designated[1] Date withdrawn[1] Locality[1] County[1] Description
1 USS Inaugural (minesweeper) 100px 1986 August 7, 2001 St. Louis
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St. Louis (independent city) NRHP 86000091; ship was torn from mooring and grounded in 1993 and is a total loss.

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Numbers represent an ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
  2. The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
  3. 3.0 3.1 The Goldenrod Showboat traveled throughout the Midwestern United States from its construction in 1909 until 1937, at which time it was moved to the city of St. Louis, Missouri and anchored to the bottom of the Mississippi River. It stayed in St. Louis from 1937 to 1990, when it was purchased by the city of St. Charles, Missouri. In 2003, the city gave the showboat to a local businessperson, who moored it in Calhoun County, Illinois; in 2008, he transferred ownership of the boat to a St. Louis entrepreneur, who has stored it at another dock in the same county since then.[22] While this means the Goldenrod Showboat is not currently a National Historic Landmark in Missouri, the National Park Service continues to list the ship as a Missouri landmark.[1]

References

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See also

External links