List of automotive superlatives

Automobiles are frequently judged in their industry by many superlatives: the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and so on. They vary greatly in size, engine displacement, power, price, and many other traits.

In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the firsts section) is limited to automobiles built after World War II, and lists superlatives for earlier vehicles separately. The list is also limited to production road cars that:

1. are constructed principally for retail sale to consumers, for their personal use, and to transport people on public roads (no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible);
2. have had 20 or more instances made by the original vehicle manufacturer, and offered for commercial sale to the public in new condition (cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible);
3. are street-legal in their intended markets, and capable of passing any official tests or inspections required to be granted this status.

Vehicle dimensions

Length

• Longest
  • Car
    • Current production car - 6,499 mm (255.9 in) - 2016 Mercedes-Maybach Pullman
    • Production car - 6,499 mm (255.9 in) - 2016 Mercedes-Maybach Pullman
    • Production convertible - 6,096 mm (240.0 in) (29 produced) - 1933-35 (for the 1934-35 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production coupe - 6,096 mm (240.0 in) (20 produced) - 1933-35 (for the 1934-35 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production station wagon - 5,888 mm (231.8 in) 1974-76 (for the 1975-76 model years) Buick Estate
    • Limited production convertible - 6,401 mm (252.0 in) - 1932 Bugatti Royale Weinberger
    • Limited production coupe - 6,401 mm (252.0 in) - 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner
  • Truck
    • Pickup Truck - 7,137 mm (281.0 in) - 2015Ford F-650/750 Diesel, SuperCab
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 5,700 mm (224.4 in) - 2015 Chevrolet Suburban
    • SUV - 5,758 mm (226.7 in) - Ford Excursion
  • Van - 7,628 mm (300.3 in) Iveco Daily
• Shortest
  • Current production car - 2,695 mm (106.1 in) - Smart Fortwo
  • Production car - 1,340 mm (52.8 in) - 1962-65 Peel P50

Width (without mirrors)

• Widest
  • Car
    • Current production car - 2,030 mm (79.9 in) - Lamborghini Aventador (2011)
    • Production car - 2,105 mm (82.9 in) - 1953-54 (for the 1954 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial
    • Production convertible - 2,100 mm (82.7 in) - 2004 Maserati MC12
    • Production station wagon - 2,070 mm (81.5 in) - 1959-60 (for the 1960 model year) Mercury Colony Park/Commuter, and Ford Country Squire/Country Sedan/Ranch Wagon
    • Limited production convertible - 2,100 mm (82.7 in) (armoured) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150
  • Pickup Truck - 2,438 mm (96.0 in) - Dodge Ram 3500 DRW
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 2,073 mm (81.6 in) - Range Rover (L405)
    • SUV - 2,197 mm (86.5 in) - 1991-2006 (for the 1992-2006 model years) Hummer H1
  • Van
    • Current van - 2,126 mm (83.7 in) Ford Transit
    • Van - 2,240 mm (88.2 in) Mercedes-Benz Vario
• Narrowest
  • Current production car - 1,475 mm (58.1 in) - Daihatsu Move, Honda Life, Mazda Carol, Mitsubishi i, Suzuki Alto etc. along with other kei cars
  • Production car - 990 mm (39.0 in) - 1962-65 Peel P50

Height

• Tallest
  • Car
    • Current production car - 1,641 mm (64.6 in) - Rolls-Royce Phantom (extended wheelbase)
    • Production car - 2,550 mm (100.4 in) - 1904-9 Fiat 60 HP
  • Pickup Truck - 2,956 mm (116.4 in) - Brabus Unimog U500 Black Edition
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 1,989 mm (78.3 in) - Ford Expedition and Lincoln Navigator
    • SUV - 2,042 mm (80.4 in) - Ford Excursion
  • Van - 3,055 mm (120.3 in) Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
• Lowest
  • Current production car - 1,015 mm (40.0 in) - Caterham 7 CSR
  • Production car - 810 mm (31.9 in) - 1956-58 Lotus Eleven
  • Limited Production car - 736.6 mm (29.0 in) - 1969 Probe 15

Wheelbase

• Longest
  • Car
    • Current production car - 4,418 mm (173.9 in) - 2016 Mercedes-Maybach Pullman
    • Production car - 3,912 mm (154.0 in) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production convertible - 3,912 mm (154.0 in) (29 produced) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production coupe - 3,912 mm (154.0 in) (20 produced) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production station wagon - 3,340 mm (131.5 in) - 1950-51 (for the 1951 model year) Chrysler New Yorker Town and Country
    • Limited production car - 4,572 mm (180.0 in) - 1927 Bugatti Royale Prototype
    • Limited production coupe - 4,300 mm (169.3 in) - 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner
    • Limited production sedan - 4,300 mm (169.3 in) - 1929-33 Bugatti Royale
  • Pickup Truck - 4,379 mm (172.4 in) - Ford F-250/F-350 crew cab long bed
  • SUV - 3,327 mm (131.0 in) - Ford Expedition EL and Lincoln Navigator L
  • Van - 4,332 mm (170.6 in) Nissan NV400, Opel/Vauxhall Movano and Renault Master
• Shortest
  • Current production car - 1,867 mm (73.5 in) - Smart Fortwo
  • Production car - 1,270 mm (50.0 in) - 1962-65 Peel P50

Track

• Widest Front
  • Car
    • Production car - 1,720 mm (67.7 in) - 2011 Lamborghini Aventador
    • Production station wagon - 1,628 mm (64.1 in) - 1968-78 (for the 1969-78 model years) Mercury Colony Park/Marquis/Monterey
  • Pickup Truck - 1,879 mm (74.0 in) - Ford F-150 SVT Raptor
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 1,745 mm (68.7 in) - Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon
    • SUV - 1,819 mm (71.6 in) - 1991-2006 (for the 1992-2006 model years) Hummer H1
  • Van - 1,786 mm (70.3 in) Ford E-150 Regular Wagon
• Widest Rear
  • Car
    • Production car - 1,722 mm (67.8 in) BMW i8
    • Production convertible - 1,700 mm (66.9 in) - Lamborghini Aventador
    • Production station wagon - 1,633 mm (64.3 in) - 1968-78 (1969-78 model years) Mercury Colony Park/Marquis/Monterey & Ford Country Squire/Country Sedan/Ranch Wagon
  • Pickup Truck - 1,925 mm (75.8 in) - Dodge Ram 3500 DRW
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 1,744 mm (68.7 in) - Cadillac Escalade, Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon
    • SUV - 1,819 mm (71.6 in) - 1991-2006 (for the 1992-2006 model years) Hummer H1
  • Van - 1,915 mm (75.4 in) Ford E-350 Super Duty Dual Rear Wheels
• Narrowest Front - 990 mm (39.0 in) - 1962-65 Peel P50
• Narrowest Rear - 521 mm (20.5 in) - 1953-61 Isetta

Curb Weight

• Heaviest
  • Car
    • Current production car - 2,745 kg (6,052 lb) - Rolls-Royce Phantom EWB
    • Production car - 4,800 kg (10,582 lb) (armoured-at least 21 produced) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150
    • Production convertible - 2,721.5–2,857.5 kg (6,000–6,300 lb) (29 produced) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production coupe - 2,721.5 kg (6,000 lb) (20 produced) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
    • Production station wagon - 2,449.5 kg (5,400 lb) - 1973-74 (for the 1974 model year) Buick Estate and Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser (with third seat and woodgrain)
    • Limited production convertible - 4,400 kg (9,700 lb) (armoured) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150
    • Limited production coupe - 3,175 kg (7,000 lb) - 1931 Bugatti Royale Kellner
  • Pickup Truck - 6,600 kg (14,551 lb) - International XT
  • SUV
    • Current SUV - 2,846 kg (6,274 lb) - Lincoln Navigator L 4X4
    • SUV - 3,680.5 kg (8,114 lb) - 2005-6 (for the 2006 model year) Hummer H1 Alpha Wagon
  • Van
    • Current Van - 3,075 kg (6,779 lb) - Iveco Daily
    • Van - 4,380 kg (9,656 lb) - Mercedes-Benz Vario
• Lightest
  • Current production car - 456 kg (1,005 lb) - Ariel Atom
  • Production car - 59 kg (130 lb) - 1962-65 Peel P50

Engines

Engine displacement

Smallest

• Current production car - 624 cubic centimetres (38.1 cu in) - 2008 Tata Nano
• Production car - 49 cubic centimetres (3.0 cu in) - 1962-65 Peel P50

Largest

• Current production car - 8,390 cubic centimetres (512.0 cu in) V10 2013 Dodge SRT Viper
• Production car - 13,503 cubic centimetres (824.0 cu in) I6 1912-18 Pierce-Arrow Model 6-66 Raceabout and 1912-14 Peerless Model 6-60
• Limited production car - 46,900 cubic centimetres (2,862.0 cu in) V12 BMW VI Brutus (only one car was ever produced)

Power

Highest power by engine type

• Petrol engine (naturally aspirated) - 588.39 kW (800 PS; 789 hp) - 2013 LaFerrari, 6,262 cc (382.1 cu in) Ferrari F140FE V12
• Petrol engine (forced induction) - 1,000 kW (1,360 PS; 1,341 bhp) - Koenigsegg One:1, 5,000 cc (305.1 cu in) V8
• Diesel engine (naturally aspirated) - 138 kW (188 PS; 185 bhp) - 1992 Ford F-250/F-350, 7,276 cc (444.0 cu in) - IDI Diesel V8
• Diesel engine (forced induction) - 368 kW (500 PS; 493 bhp) - Audi Q7 V12 TDI, 5,934 cc (362.1 cu in) twin-turbo TDI V12
• Electric motor - 811 kW (1,088 hp) - 2015 Rimac Concept One

Highest power by body style

• Car - 1,118 kW (1,520 PS; 1,499 bhp) - Koenigsegg Regera, 5,065 cc (309.1 cu in) V8 and three Electric Engines
• Pickup Truck - 430 kW (585 PS; 577 bhp) 2014 HSV Maloo GTS; 6,162 cc (376.0 cu in) V8 petrol
• SUV - 591.9 kW (805 PS; 794 bhp) 2012 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 Hennessey HPE800; 7,000 cc (427.2 cu in) V8 petrol
• Van - 255 kW (347 PS; 342 bhp) 2014 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana; 5,967 cc (364.1 cu in) V8 petrol

Highest specific power (power-to-weight ratio)

• Naturally aspirated - 575 hp (1.22 hp/kg) - 2007 Caparo T1 V8 engine 429 kW (583 PS; 575 hp) and 470 kg (1,036 lb)
• Forced-induction - 1,700 hp (1.36 hp/kg) - 2011 SSC Tuatara, 6,900 cc (421.1 cu in) V8 petrol 1,268 kW (1,724 PS; 1,700 hp) and 1,250 kg (2,756 lb)

Highest specific engine output (power/unit displacement)

• Petrol/Gasoline (naturally aspirated) piston engine - 124.3 kW (169.0 PS; 166.7 hp) per litre - 2009 Ariel Atom 500 372.9 kW (507 PS; 500 hp) 3.0 L
• Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) piston engine - 164.22 kW (223.3 PS; 220.2 hp) per liter - 2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X FQ-440 MR 328.107 kW (446 PS; 440 hp) 1,998 cc (121.9 cu in) 4B11T I4 turbo
• Biofuel piston engine - 200 kW (272 PS; 268 hp) per litre - 2013 Koenigsegg One:1 1,000 kW (1,360 PS; 1,341 hp)
• Diesel engine (naturally aspirated) - 33.38 kW (45.4 PS; 44.8 hp) per litre - 1993 Mercedes E 300 Diesel 100 kW (136 PS; 134 hp) DIN 2.996 L OM606 I6
• Diesel engine (forced-induction) - 93.33 kW (126.9 PS; 125.2 hp) per litre - 2012 BMW M550d 3.0 L I6 triple-turbo 280 kW (381 PS; 375 hp) DIN
• Pistonless rotary engine (naturally aspirated) - 140.5 kW (191.0 PS; 188.4 hp) per litre - Mazda RX-8 Renesis 184 kW (250 PS; 247 hp) JIS 1.3 L
• Pistonless rotary engine (forced-induction) - 158.46 kW (215.4 PS; 212.5 hp) per litre - Mazda RX-7 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) JIS 1.3 L

Torque

Highest torque by engine type

• Forced induction petrol engine - 1,566 N·m (1,155 lbf·ft) - 2012 Hennessey Venom GT, 7,000 cc (427.2 cu in) V8
• Naturally aspirated petrol engine - 814 N·m (600 lbf·ft) - 2012–present Dodge Viper, 8,390 cc (512.0 cu in) V10
• Forced induction diesel engine - 1,166 N·m (860 lbf·ft) - 2014 Ford Super Duty, 6,651 cc (405.9 cu in) V8
• Naturally aspirated diesel engine - 488 N·m (360 lbf·ft) - 1988-94 Ford F-250/350 IDI diesel, 7,276 cc (444.0 cu in) V8
• Electric motor - 931 N·m (687 lbf·ft) - 2015 Tesla Model S P85D

Highest torque by body style

• Car - 1,566 N·m (1,155 lbf·ft) - 2010 Hennessey Venom GT, 7,000 cc (427.2 cu in) V8 petrol
• Pickup Truck - 1,166 N·m (860 lbf·ft) - 2014 Ford Super Duty, 6,651 cc (405.9 cu in) V8 diesel
• SUV - 1,115 N·m (822 lbf·ft) - Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 HPE800, 7,000 cc (427.2 cu in) V8 petrol
• Van - 712 N·m (525 lbf·ft) - 2014 Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana, 6,599 cc (402.7 cu in) V8 diesel

Highest specific torque (torque/unit displacement)

The mean effective pressure (MEP) is a useful comparison tool, giving the average cylinder pressure exerted on the piston.

• Petrol engine (naturally aspirated) - MEP 15.08 bar, 120.03 N·m (89 lbf·ft) per litre - 2010 Ferrari 458 540 N·m (398 lbf·ft)
• Petrol engine (forced-induction) - MEP 35.1 bar, 279.3 N·m (206 lbf·ft) per litre - 2014 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X FQ440 MR 558.6 N·m (412 lbf·ft)
• Petrol engine (naturally aspirated pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 21.5 bar, 170.8 N·m (126.0 lbf·ft) per litre - 2005 Mazda RX-8 222 N·m (164 lbf·ft)
• Petrol engine (forced-induction pistonless rotary engine) - MEP 30.3 bar, 241.38 N·m (178.0 lbf·ft) per litre - Mazda RX-7 Turbo 313.8 N·m (231 lbf·ft)
• Diesel engine (naturally aspirated) - MEP 9.03 bar, 71.88 N·m (53 lbf·ft) per litre - 1999 Nissan Sunny B15 2.2D 157 N·m (116 lbf·ft) 2.184 L Nissan YD engine
• Diesel engine (forced-induction) - MEP 31.9 bar, 254 N·m (187 lbf·ft) per litre - 2015 Volkswagen Passat 500 N·m (369 lbf·ft) 1.968 L 2.0 TDI BiTurbo

Fuel economy

The following are all vehicles sold in the United States. Some vehicles from other countries have better fuel economy.

• Highest MPG all-diesel production vehicle - 1984 Nissan Sentra with 41 combined / 37 city / 46 highway.
• Highest MPG all-gasoline production vehicle - 1986 Chevrolet Sprint ER with 48 combined / 44 city / 53 highway.
• Highest MPG all-natural gas production vehicle - 2012 Honda Civic GX with 31 combined / 27 city / 38 highway.
• Highest MPG E85 production vehicle - 2013 Ford Focus SFE FWD FFV with 23 combined / 20 city / 28 highway.
• Highest MPG production electric hybrid - 2000 Honda Insight with 53 combined / 49 city / 61 highway.
• Highest MPG production plug-in electric hybrid - 2012 Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid with 51 combined / 50 city / 49 highway MPG and 95 combined MPGe.
• Highest MPGe production electric vehicle - 2013 Honda Fit EV with 118 combined / 132 city / 105 highway.

Price

See also: most expensive cars sold in auction

• Most expensive (production) - US$4,850,000 Koenigsegg Trevita
• Least-expensive (production) - US$125 (equivalent to $1,767 in 2021) – 1922 Briggs & Stratton Flyer
• Most expensive (auction) - US$38,115,000 1962 Ferrari 250 GTO (2014)
• Most expensive (private sale) - US$52,000,000 1963 Ferrari 250 GTO (2013)
• Most expensive (concept car) - US$8,000,000 2005 Maybach Exelero

Performance

See also: Fastest production car

Acceleration

• Quickest 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) - 2.2 seconds - 2015 Porsche 918 Spyder
• Quickest 0 to 161 km/h (0 to 100 mph) - 5.3 seconds - Ultima GTR
• Quickest 0 to 200 km/h (0 to 124 mph) - 6.6 seconds - Koenigsegg One:1
• Quickest 0 to 300 km/h (0 to 186 mph) - 13.63 seconds - Koenigsegg One:1

Top speed

• Highest top speed: Bugatti Veyron Super Sport - 431 km/h (268 mph).
• Highest top speed (naturally aspirated engine): 1992-98 McLaren F1 - 391.23 km/h (243 mph)
• Highest top speed (forced induction diesel engine): BMW Alpina D3 BiTurbo - 278 km/h

Highest RPM Redline

• Internal Combustion Production Car: Ariel Atom 500 10,500 rpm
• Electric Production Vehicle: 2008-12 Tesla Roadster 14,000 rpm

Sales

See also:

• List of bestselling vehicle nameplates,
• List of automobile sales by model

Best-selling models

• Best-selling vehicle nameplate - Toyota Corolla (more than 39,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)
• Best-selling single model - Volkswagen Beetle (21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)
• Best single-year sales - 1.36 million - 2005 Toyota Corolla
• Best single-month sales - 126,905 - July 2005 Ford F-Series

Firsts

Mostly full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars. This list mainly includes developments that led to widespread adoption across the automotive industry.

Industry

• First fully functioning automobile - 1885 Benz Patent-Motorwagen
• First production automobile - 1888 Benz Patent-Motorwagen
• First automotive proving ground - 1915 Dodge Brothers Test Track, Hamtramck, Michigan
• First auto company technical institute - 1919 General Motors Institute (now Kettering University)

Engine types

• Straight engines
  • First straight-six engine - 1903 Napier & Son
  • First production straight-eight engine - 1918 Isotta Fraschini
• V engines
  • First production V4 engine - 1922 Lancia Lambda
  • First production V6 engine - 1950 Lancia Aurelia
  • First V8 engine - 1904 Marmon
  • First production V8 engine - 1910 De Dion-Bouton CJ
  • First production Air cooled V8 Engine - 1956 Tatra 603
  • First V16 engine - 1929 Maserati Tipo V4
  • First production V16 engine - 1930 Cadillac V-16
• Flat engines
  • First flat-four engine - 1900 Benz 20hp racing car
  • First production flat-four engine - 1901 Wilson-Pilcher
  • First flat-six engine - 1904 Wilson-Pilcher
  • First production flat-six engine - 1948 Tucker 48
  • First flat-twelve engine - 1964 Honda RA271 Formula One
  • First production flat-twelve engine - 1973 - Ferrari 365 GT4 BB

Engine technologies

engine configuration & other miscellaneous fundamental construction details

• first engine with removable cylinder head — 1894 Miari & Giusti Triciclo Bernardi
• first square engine — 1900 Georges Richard 3 1/2HP
• first variable displacement engine — 1905 Sturtevant 38/45 six
• first counterbalanced crankshaft — 1908 Mercer Type 35
• first aluminum engine block - 1922 Lancia Lambda
• first split-plane crankshaft — 1922 (for the 1923 model year) Cadillac V8 engine
• first crankcase ventilation system — 1925 (for the 1926 model year) Cadillac V8 engine
• first aluminum cylinder head - 1928 Fiat
• first diesel engined production car — 1935 Citroen Rosalie
• first gas turbine car — 1950 Rover
• first Miller cycle engine — 1996 Mazda Millenia
• first Atkinson cycle engine — 1997 Toyota Prius
• first Hydrogen vehicle — BMW Hydrogen 7 (Germany)

Wankel engines

• first Wankel engine — 1964 NSU Spider
• first front-wheel drive car with Wankel engine — 1966 NSU Ro 80
• first 2-rotor Wankel engine — 1966 NSU Ro 80
• first 3-rotor Wankel engine — 1969 Mercedes C111
• first 4-rotor Wankel engine — 1970 Mercedes C111
• first turbocharged Wankel engine — 1982 Mazda Luce and Cosmo

valvetrain

• first overhead valve (OHV) engine - 1894 Miari & Giusti Triciclo Bernardi
• first overhead camshaft (OHC) engine — 1903 Marr Auto Car
• first sleeve valve — 1909 Daimler (developed functional system from 1903 Knight Engine design)
• first double overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine — 1921 Ballot

multi-valve engines

• first limited production 3-valve engine — 1912 Bugatti Type 18
• first limited production 4-valve engine — 1913 Peugeot Grand Prix
• first limited production 5-valve engine — 1921 Peugeot Grand Prix
• first production 3-valve engine — 1924 Bugatti Type 35
• first production 4-valve engine — 1973 Triumph Dolomite Sprint
• first multi-valve turbocharged engine — 1980 Maserati Biturbo (AM452)
• first 6-valve engine — 1985 Maserati Biturbo 2.0 L V6 36v 261 hp (prototype)
• first production 5-valve engine — 1989 Mitsubishi Dangan ZZ
• first 3-valve diesel engine — 1989 Citroën XM
• first 4-valve diesel engine — 1993 Mercedes-Benz C-Class (OM604 engine)

variable valve timing (VVT)

• first Variable Valve Timing (VVT) engine — 1980 Alfa Romeo Spider 2.0 L
• first electronic VVT — 1987 Nissan 300ZR VG30DE NVCS V6
• first cam-switching VVT — 1989 Honda Integra RSi/XSi B16A VTEC 1.6 L DOHC I4
• first VVT passenger car diesel engine — 2010 Mitsubishi ASX 4N13 1.8 L DOHC I4

aspiration

• first supercharged car — 1921 Mercedes 6/25/40 hp
• first twin-supercharged car — 1935 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900
• first turbocharged car — 1961 (for the 1962 model year) Oldsmobile F-85 (Turbo Jetfire)
• first application of a wastegate to regulate a turbocharger's boost — 1961 (for the 1962 model year) Oldsmobile F-85 (Turbo Jetfire)
• first turbocharged diesel car — 1978 Mercedes-Benz 300SD
• first supercharged and turbocharged car — 1985 Lancia Delta S4 Stradale
• first variable-geometry turbocharger — 1988 Honda Legend Wing Turbo
• first variable-geometry turbocharger (diesel) — 1991 Fiat Croma
• first twin-turbocharged car — 1981 Maserati Biturbo
• first triple-turbocharged car — 2012 BMW M550d xDrive
• first quad-turbocharged car — 1991 Bugatti EB110

fuel systems

• first carburetor — 1896 Daimler
• first carburetor air filter — 1915 Packard Twin Six
• first automatic choke — 1931 (for the 1932 model year) Oldsmobile
• first four-barrel carburetor — 1940 (for the 1941 model year) Buick (Compound Carburetion)

fuel injection (FI)

• first FI engine — 1910 Adams-Farwell Diesel
• first non-diesel FI engine — 1952 Goliath GP700 and Gutbrod
• first gasoline direct injection engine — 1952 Goliath GP700 and Gutbrod
• first Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) — 1957 Rambler Rebel (prototypes)
• first limited production EFI — 1957 (for the 1958 model year) Chrysler 300D, DeSoto Adventurer, Dodge D-500 and Plymouth Fury
• first production EFI — 1968 Volkswagen Type 3 and Type 4
• first diesel direct injection engine — 1987 Fiat Croma Turbo D i.d.
• first turbocharged diesel direct injection engine — 1987 Fiat Croma Turbo D i.d.
• first electronic gasoline direct injection — 1996 Mitsubishi Galant/Legnum 4G93 GDI I4
• first passenger car common rail diesel direct injection engine — 1997 Alfa Romeo 156 JTD
• first turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine — 2000 Mitsubishi Pajero IO 4G93

ignition systems

• first contact breaker point ignition — 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty / Delco
• first optional electronic ignition — 1963 General Motors / Delco
• first standard electronic ignition — 1968 Fiat Dino 2.0 / Dino 206 GT (Magneti Marelli Dinoplex)
• first distributor-less ignition — Citroën 2CV (???)

general miscellany

• first California Ultra Low Emission Vehicle — 1995 Honda Accord
• first California Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle — 2000 Honda Accord I4
• first flex-fuel vehicle (bioethanol and gasoline)— 1908 Ford Model T

Hybrid vehicles

• First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 Lohner-Porsche Mixte
• First modern hybrid car - 1904 Auto-Mixte (Belgium)
• First mass-produced hybrid car - 1997 Toyota Prius
• First hybrid bus - 1997 Hino
• First all-wheel drive hybrid - 2003 (for the 2004 model year) Ford Escape Hybrid
• First hybrid SUV - 2003 (for the 2004 model year) Ford Escape Hybrid
• First hybrid luxury car - 2004 (for the 2005 Japanese model year) Lexus RX 400h (introduced January 2004)
• First mild hybrid pickup truck - 2004 (for the 2005 model year) Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid
• First full hybrid pickup truck - 2008 (for the 2009 model year) Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid
• First 4-fuel hybrid - 2010 Monte Carlo Automobile Quadrifuel (powered with bio-ethanol, hydromethane, gasoline and LPG)

Body

• First tricar - 1885 Benz Patent Motorwagen
• First motorized truck — October 1896 Daimler
• First sedan/saloon — 1900 Renault Voiturette
• First production station wagon (estate) - 1908 Ford Model T
• First production closed-body car - 1910 Cadillac Model Thirty
• First cyclecar - 1910 GN/1910 Bédélia
• First aerodynamic design - 1914 A.L.F.A. 40/60 HP Aerodinamica
• First production aerodynamic design - 1921 Rumpler Tropfenwagen
• First monocoque - 1922 Lancia Lambda
• First shatter-resistant windshield glass - 1925 (for the 1926 model year) Cadillac
• First minivan - 1932 Stout Scarab
• First all-aluminium body - 1933 Riley Nine Kestrel
• First coupé convertible - 1934 Peugeot 401 D Eclipse
• First Pickup / Utility vehicle (Ute) - 1934 Ford Coupé utility
• First retractable hardtop roof - 1934 Pourtout Lancia Belna Eclipse (coachbuilt)
• First production retractable hardtop roof - ???
• First flush mounted gas door - 1936 Cord 810
• First fully boxed frame - 1938 ERA R4D (racing car)
• First fiberglass body - 1946 Stout Scarab Experimental (also first monocoque fiberglass body)
• First safety windshield - 1947 (for the 1948 model year) Tucker (popout safety glass)
• First hardtop - 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Cadillac Coupe de Ville, Buick Roadmaster Riviera and Oldsmobile 98 Holiday
• First production minivan - 1946 Chenard et Walcker CHV
• First limited production fiberglass body - 1951 (for the 1952 model year) Woodill Wildfire
• First production fiberglass body - 1952 (for the 1953 model year) Chevrolet Corvette
• First hatchback - 1953 Aston Martin DB2/4
• First body made of recycled material - 1954 Trabant P70
• First 4-door hardtop - 1955 (middle of the model year) Buick Century Riviera and Special Riviera and Oldsmobile 98 Holiday and 88 Holiday
• First Crossover - 2002 Renault Avantime
• First production fiberglass monocoque - 1956 Berkeley SA322
• First Mini MPV - 1956 Fiat 600 Multipla
• First fiberglass bodied convertible - 1952 (for the 1953 model year) Chevrolet Corvette
• First fiberglass bodied 4-door Sedan - 1970 Anadol A2
• First fiberglass bodied Station wagon / Estate car - 1973 Anadol SV-1600
• First electric boot spoiler - 1986 Lancia Thema 8.32
• First all-aluminium space frame - 1990 Honda NSX
• First carbon fibre monocoque - 1993 McLaren F1
• First stress-bearing engine acting like a structural member - 1995 Ferrari F50
• First single-piece carbon fibre monocoque - 2003 Invicta S1
• First fully boxed frame Pickup - 2003 (for the 2004 model year) Ford F-150 (???)

Transmission

• Manual transmissions
  • First synchronized transmission - 1924 Isotta Fraschini 8A
  • First overdrive - 1933 (for the 1934 model year) Chrysler Airflow
  • First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 Porsche 356
  • First 3-speed manual - 1894 Miari & Giusti Triciclo Bernardi
  • First 4-speed manual - 1901 Ceirano 5 HP
  • First 5-speed manual - 1948 Lancia Ardea Mk3
  • First 6-speed manual - 1967 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale
  • First 7-speed manual - 2011 Porsche 991
  • First 8-speed manual - 1931 Maybach DS8
• Automatic transmissions
  • First automatic transmission - 1939 Oldsmobile (Hydra-Matic, also the first 4-speed automatic)
  • First torque converter automatic - 1948 (middle of model year) Buick Roadmaster (Dynaflow)
  • First non-planetary automatic - 1968 Honda (Hondamatic)
  • First 2-speed automatic - 1947 GM Dynaflow 1948 model year Buick Roadmaster
  • First 3-speed automatic - 1950 Borg Warner Automatic Drive Studebaker Land Cruiser
  • First 4-speed automatic - 1939 Oldsmobile (Hydra-Matic, also the first automatic)
  • First 5-speed automatic - 1989 Nissan Cedric, Nissan Cefiro, Nissan Gloria, Nissan Skyline, Nissan Laurel, (RE5R01A, Jatco/Nissan transmission)
  • First 6-speed automatic - 2002 BMW E65 7-Series (ZF 6HP26)
  • First 7-speed automatic - 2003 Mercedes-Benz (7G-Tronic)
  • First 8-speed automatic - 2007 Lexus LS 460
  • First 9-speed automatic - 2013 Range Rover Evoque
• First self-locking differential - 1939 Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 Super Sport
• First limited slip differential - 1955 (for the 1956 model year) Studebaker
  • Note: In 1939, the Volkswagen Type 82 used a cam and pawl type differential which had a slip-limiting effect.)
• First continuously variable transmission (CVT) - 1958 DAF 600 "A-Type"
• First electronically controlled continuously variable transmission (ECVT) - 1987 Subaru Justy ECVT
• First active differential - 1986 Porsche 959 PSK (limited production of 200 vehicles)
• First toroidal continuously variable transmission - 1999 Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria
• First dual clutch transmission - 2003 Volkswagen Golf Mk4 R32 (Direct-Shift Gearbox)

Layout

• First FR layout car - 1895 Panhard et Levassor
• First RR layout car - 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen
• First FR layout transaxle car - 1898 De Dion-Bouton
• First four-wheel drive car - 1910 Caldwell Vale
• First MR car - 1921 Rumpler Tropfenwagen
• First front-wheel drive car - 1924 Tracta (Gregoire-Tracta)
• First transverse front-wheel drive car - 1931 DKW F1
• First four-wheel drive car - 1966 Jensen FF
• First transverse front-wheel drive I6 car - 1970 Austin Kimberley and Austin Tasman
• First mass-produced four-wheel drive car - 1972 Subaru Leone 4WD Station Wagon
• First transverse four-wheel drive car - 1983 Fiat Panda 4x4
• First MR four-wheel drive car - 1983 Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 (homologation special, 200 road cars produced for Group B regulations.)
• First transverse front-wheel drive I5 car - 1991 Volvo 850

Suspension

• First front independent suspension - 1898 Decauville
• First torsion bar suspension - 1921 Leyland
• First hydraulic shock absorbers - 1922 Lancia Lambda
• First coil spring / shock absorber suspension - 1922 Lancia Lambda
• First fully independent suspension - 1931 Alfa Romeo 8C
• First air suspension - 1946 Stout Scarab Experimental
• First MacPherson strut suspension - 1949 Ford Vedette
• First self-levelling suspension - 1954 Citroën Traction Avant 15/6 "H"
• First self-levelling suspension on all four wheels - 1955 Citroën DS
• First production air suspension - 1956 (for the 1957 model year) Cadillac Eldorado Brougham (standard)
• First Chapman strut suspension - 1958 Lotus Elite
• First anti-roll bars - 1965 Lancia Fulvia Coupè (front and rear)
• First electronic adjustable suspension dampers - 1981 Nissan Skyline
• First electronically controlled semi-active suspension - 1983 Toyota Soarer (Japan-market model Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension) and Mitsubishi Galant (Electronic Steering Chassis)
• First active air suspension - 1987 Mitsubishi Galant active ECS
• First fully active suspension without anti-roll bars: 1989 on Toyota Celica: Toyota Active Control Suspension
• First semi-active hydraulic suspension - 1990 Citroën XM (Hydractive)
• First semi-active suspension scanning the road ahead (sonar) - 1990 Nissan Leopard/Nissan Cedric/Nissan Maxima/Nissan J30 DUET-SS Super Sonic Suspension
• First active anti-roll bars - 1994 Citroën Xantia Activa (Systeme Citroën de Contrôle Actif du Roulis)
• First active suspension optically scanning the road ahead - 2013 Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222) (MAGIC BODY CONTROL with ROAD SURFACE SCAN)

Brakes

• First four-wheel brakes - 1910 Isotta Fraschini
• First power brakes - 1919 Hispano-Suiza H6 (mechanically assisted and 4-wheel)
• First hydraulic power brakes - 1921 Duesenberg Model A (4-wheel)
• First vacuum-assist power brakes - 1927 (for the 1928 model year) Pierce-Arrow
• First Inboard drum brakes - 1937 Lancia Aprilia
• First disc brakes - 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler Crown Imperial (4-wheel and standard)
• First inboard disc brakes - 1955 Citroën DS19
• First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 Saab 95/96
• First antilock braking system - 1966 Jensen FF (Dunlop Maxaret system, previously used in aviation)
• First electrical & electronic antilock braking system - 1969 (for the 1970 model year) Lincoln Continental Mark III (standard)
• First 4-wheel electrical & electronic antilock braking system - 1970 (for the 1971 model year) Imperial
• First asbestos-free brake pads - 1983 Saab Automobile
• First regenerative brakes - 1996 GM EV1
• First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2001 Toyota Prius
• First electric parking brake - 2002 BMW E65/E66

Driver-aids

• First steering wheel - 1900 Packard
• First speedometer - 1901 Oldsmobile
• First windscreen wiper - 1903 Mary Anderson (inventor)
• First electromechanical vehicle horn - 1908 Klaxon ("ah-oo-gah")
• First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 Peerless
• First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 Marmon
• First adjustable steering column - 1913 Lancia Theta
• First dash-mounted fuel gauge - 1914 Studebaker
• First power windscreen wiper - 1916 Willys-Knight
• First turn signals - 1919 Phianna
• First electric windscreen wiper - 1922 William M. Folberth (inventor)
• First windscreen defogger - 1927 (for the 1928 model year) Studebaker
• First horn ringed steering wheel - 1935 (for the 1936 model year) Cord 810
• First windscreen washer - 1936 (for the 1937 model year) Studebaker
• First rear window defogger - 1947 (for the 1948 model year) Cadillac
• First power steering - 1950 (for the 1951 model year) Chrysler Imperial
• First cruise control - 1956 (for the 1957 model year) Imperial
• First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1964 (for the 1965 model year) Cadillac
• First traction control system/anti slip regulation - 1970 (for the 1971 model year) full-size Buick (MaxTrac)
• First LED display - 1976 Aston Martin Lagonda instrument cluster
• First original-equipment (OEM) Citizens Band radio - 1976 (for the 1977 model year) Lincoln, Cadillac, Buick (except Skyhawk), Oldsmobile (except Omega and Starfire) and Pontiac (except Ventura, Sunbird and Astre)
• First trip computer - 1958 Saab GT750
• First electronic trip computer - 1978 (in middle of model year) Cadillac Seville
• First navigation system - August 1981 Honda Accord (analog, dealer-installed)
• First Rain-Sensing Windshield Wipers - 1984 Nissan 200SX and Silvia
• First CRT display - 1984 Aston Martin Lagonda computer controlled instrument cluster
• First electronic four-wheel steering - 1985 Nissan Skyline HICAS
• First drive-by-wire throttle - 1988 BMW 750iL
• First mechanical four-wheel steering - 1988 Honda Prelude 4WS
• First heads-up display - 1987 (for the 1988 model year) Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme
• First electrochromic rear-view mirror - 1989 Lexus LS
• First digital navigation system - 1990 Acura Legend
• First original equipment GPS navigation - 1990 Mazda Eunos Cosmo Type-E CCS
• First dynamic stability control system/Electronic Stability Programme/Vehicle Stability Control - 1995 BMW 7 Series (E38)-(DSC III), Mercedes-Benz S 600 Coupé-(ESP), and Toyota Crown Majesta-(VSC)
• First adaptive cruise control - 1995 (for 1996 model year) Mitsubishi Diamante (like the later Toyota Celsior system, this LIDAR did not apply brakes, only throttle&shifting)
• First telematics assist system - 1996 (for the 1997 model year) Cadillac Seville (OnStar) and Lincoln Continental (Motorola RESCU)
• First night vision - 1999 (for the 2000 model year) Cadillac Deville
• First navigation system with voice controls - 2002 Infiniti Q45
• First radar Collision avoidance system - 2003 Toyota Harrier-Pre-Collision System PCS
• First self parking - 2004 Toyota Prius
• First Blind Spot Intervention System - 2005 Volvo S80
• First Driver drowsiness detection - 2007 on the Volvo S80-Driver Alert Control
• First driver eyelid monitoring system - 2008 on the Toyota Crown-Driver Monitoring System
• First Synchronized down shift rev-matching system - 2009 Nissan 370Z and Fairlady Z
• First active pedestrian avoidance with steering correction - 2013 on Lexus LS (XF40) (Japan only)

Passive Restraint

• First safety padding - 1936 (for the 1937 model year) Chrysler
• First seat belts - 1947 (for the 1948 model year) Tucker
• First padded dash - 1947 (for the 1948 model year) Tucker
• First rear seat belts - 1954 (for the 1955 model year) Ford
• First standard seat belts - 1958 Saab GT 750 ([2] [3])
• First shoulder belts - 1959 Volvo PV444/544
• First standard shoulder belts - 1959 Volvo 122

Active restraint

• First airbags - 1973 (for the 1974 model year) full-size Cadillac, Buick and Oldsmobile (Air Cushion Restraint System)
• First standard dual airbag - 1987 Porsche 944
• First rear-seat SRS airbags - 1993 Nissan President
• First side airbags - 1995 Volvo 850
• First six-airbag system - 1997 Audi A8: 1 side airbag in every door + 2 front airbags.
• First head airbags - 1997 BMW 7-Series
• First knee airbag - 1996 Kia Sportage
• First seatbelt airbags - 2010 Lexus LFA
• First front center airbag - 2013 Chevrolet Traverse, Buick Enclave and GMC Acadia

Tires

• First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 Peugeot L'Eclair (Michelin)
• First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 Bollée Voiturette
• First radial-ply tires - 1946 Michelin "X" (Optional fitment on 1949 Peugeots, Citroën 11CV and Simca 8, standard on the 1950 Lancia Aurelia)
• First self-repairing tires - 1950 Goodyear
• First run flat tire - 1974 Mini 1275GT (Dunlop Denovo; optional)

Lighting

• First electrical lighting - 1898 Columbia electric
• First bright headlamps - 1899 Bleirot carbide generator
• First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" acetylene
• First standard electrical lights - 1908 Peerless
• First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 Cadillac Model 1912 Delco
• First "dipping" headlamps - 1915 Guide Lamp Company
• First original-equipment (OEM) "dipping" headlamps - 1917 Cadillac
• First stop or brake lights - 1919 Phianna
• First dual-beam headlamp - 1924 Bilux
• First directional headlamps - 1934 Tatra 77
• First hidden headlamps - 1935 (for the 1936 model year) Cord 810 (hand cranked from dash)
• First flush mounted taillights with the body - 1935 (for the 1936 model year) Cord 810
• First fog lights - 1937 (for the 1938 model year) Cadillac
• First power hidden headlamps - 1938 Buick Y-Job
• First production power hidden headlamps - 1941 (for the 1942 model year) DeSoto (standard)
• First auto-dimming headlamps - 1951 (for the 1952 model year) Cadillac and Oldsmobile (Autronic Eye)
• First auto-on/off headlamps - 1959 (for the 1960 model year) Buick (Twilight Sentinel)
• First headlamp wipers - 1970 Saab (95, 96, 99)
• First AC HID (lowbeam only) lights - 1991 BMW 7-series
• First neon lights - 1994 (for the 1995 model year) Ford Explorer
• First DC HID lights - 1996 (for the 1997 model year) Lincoln Mark VIII
• First all-LED tail lights - 1998 Maserati 3200 GT
• First lowbeam/highbeam HID headlamps (Bi-Xenon) - 1999 on Mercedes-Benz CL-Class
• First low beam, front position light and sidemarker LED headlights - 2008 Lexus LS600h
• First all-LED headlamps - 2007 Audi R8
• First continuously adaptive highbeam (HID| - 2009 on the Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212)
• First headlamps with pedestrian highlighting/warning - in 2011 on Mercedes-Benz CL-Class (C216)
• First full-LED car + tail lights with automatic variable intensity control - 2013 on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)
• First laser headlights - 2014 Audi R8 LMX

Electrical system

• First magneto - 1897 Lanchester Motor Company
• First electric self-starter - Arnold (copy of the Benz Velo) before 1900.
• First power door locks - 1914 Scripps-Booth
• First twin-spark engine - 1914 Alfa Romeo Grand Prix
• First electric power windows - 1938 Buick Y-Job (see "Other" for nonelectric production power windows)
• First combination key and ignition switch - 1948 (for the 1949 model year) Chrysler
• First 12 volt system - 1948 Lancia Ardea mk3
• First alternator - 1959 (for the 1960 model year) Plymouth Valiant
• First sealed battery - 1969 (for the 1970 model year) Pontiac "Freedom Battery"
• First multiplexing wiring - 1986 (for the 1987 model year) Cadillac Allanté
• First integrated car systems control - 1987 Toyota Soarer (Electro Multi Vision)

Climate control

• First exhaust system heat - 1917 (???)
• First cooling system heat - 1926 (???) (Cadillac also lists heat as an option for $32 in the 1926 model year although it is not clear what the source is)
• First automobile air conditioning - 1939 (for the 1940 model year) Packard
• First automatic climate control - 1963 (for the 1964 model year) Cadillac
• First digital climate control - 1975 Rolls-Royce Camargue
• First heated seats - 1965 (for the 1966 model year) Cadillac
• First ventilated seats - 1998 Saab 9-5
• First cooled seats - 1998 W220 Mercedes-Benz S-Class
• First heated seats - 1973 Saab 99

In-car entertainment

• First radio - May 1922 Ford Model T (fitted to the passenger door by 18-year-old George Frost, president of the Lane High School Radio Club in Chicago)
• First radio installed by a corporation - November 1922 Daimler (installed in a limousine by the Marconi-phone company)
• First aftermarket radio - 1923 Springfield Body Corporation
• First original-equipment (OEM) radio - 1929 (for the 1930 model year) Cadillac and LaSalle
• First in-car phonograph - 1955 (for the 1956 model year) Chrysler (optional on all makes)
• First FM radio - 1958 (for the 1959 model year) Lincoln
• First stereo - 1964 (for the 1965 model year) full-size Chevrolet
• First 8-track tape - 1965 (for the 1966 model year) Lincoln and Ford Thunderbird and Mustang
• First Compact Cassette - 1977 (for the 1978 model year) Cadillac and Buick (except Skyhawk)
• First steering wheel mounted audio controls - 1984 Nissan 300ZX AE
• First compact disc - 1986 (for the 1987 model year) Lincoln Town Car
• First active audio volume control - 1989 (for the 1990 model year) Chevrolet Corvette Bose/Delco Gold Series
• First front auxiliary input (for portable devices) (OEM systems) - 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT and Galant VR-4
• First Bluetooth-capable audio system - 1999 (for the 2000 model year) Chrysler
• First MP3-capable audio system - 2001 Mazda Protegé MP3
• First active noise cancellation - 2005 Acura RL

Other

• First anti-theft device - 1930 Ansaldo Tipo 22
• First power windows - 1939 (for the 1940 model year) Packard 180 (hydro-electric)
• First power seat - 1947 (for the 1948 model year) Cadillac, Buick and Oldsmobile (hydraulic)
• First split folding rear seats - 1959 Auto Union (all makes)
• First composite wheels - 1970 Citroën SM
• First production car to achieve 200 mph (320 km/h) - 1987 Ferrari F40
• First standard composite wheels - 1989 Shelby CSX
• First active exhaust - 1991 Mitsubishi 3000GT

Pre-War

• Best-selling pre-war vehicle - Ford Model-T (15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)
• Least-expensive - US$125 (equivalent to $1,767 in 2021) – 1922 Briggs & Stratton Flyer
• Least-expensive full-featured automobile - US$300 (equivalent to $4,010 in 2021) - 1926-27 (for the 1927 model year) Ford Model-T
• Fastest pre-war stock production vehicle - Cord Automobile - 1937 supercharged 812 Beverly sedan 173 km/h (107.66 mph) - September 1937 at the Bonneville Salt Flats
• Fastest pre-war limited production vehicle (41 made) - Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 - 1939 Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 clocked to 211 km/h (131 mph) average at Brooklands Speedway
• Fastest pre-war vehicle - Railton Mobil Special - 2-SC Napier Lion V-12 - 595 km/h (369.740 mph) - Driver John Cobb on August 23, 1939 at the Bonneville Salt Flats
• Longest pre-war production - 6,096 mm (240.0 in) - 1933-35 (for the 1934-35 model years) Cadillac V-16
• Longest pre-war limited production - 6,400 mm (252.0 in) 1927-33 Bugatti Royale
• Longest pre-war production wheelbase - 3,912 mm (154.0 in) - 1933-37 (for the 1934-37 model years) Cadillac V-16
• Longest pre-war limited production wheelbase - 4,572 mm (180.0 in) 1927 Bugatti Royale Prototype
• Widest pre-war - 2,100 mm (82.7 in) 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 (armoured)
• Widest pre-war Front Track - 1,626 mm (64.0 in) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150
• Widest pre-war Rear Track - 1,676 mm (66.0 in) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150
• Tallest pre-war production car - 2,550 mm (100.4 in) - 1904-9 Fiat 60 HP
• Heaviest pre-war Curb Weight - 4,800 kg (10,582 lb) - 1938-43 Mercedes-Benz 770 W150 (armoured)
• Largest pre-war limited production car inline-four engine 28.3 L (1,727 in³) 1911 Fiat S76
• Largest pre-war Straight-6 - 21,112 cc (1,288 in³) - 1905 Panhard et Levassor 50 CV
• Largest pre-war limited production Straight-8 - 14,726 cc (899 in³) - 1927 Bugatti Royale
• Largest pre-war V8 - 14,700 cc (897 in³) - 1910-12 De Dion-Bouton
• Largest pre-war V12 - 11,310 cc (690 in³) - 1935-38 Hispano-Suiza J12
• Largest pre-war V16 - 8,048 cc (491 in³) - 1930-33 (for the 1931-33 model years) Marmon Series 16

See also

• Units of measurement
  • International System of Units
  • United States customary units
  • Imperial units
• Power
• Torque
• Mass