List of nonreligious Nobel laureates
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
This list comprises laureates of the Nobel Prize who self-identified as atheist, agnostic, freethinker or otherwise nonreligious at some point in their lives.[1] Many of these laureates were identified with a religion earlier in life. By one estimate, 10.5% of all laureates, and 35% of those in Literature, fall in this category.[2] According to the same estimate Atheists, Agnostics, and Freethinkers have won 8.9% of the prizes in Medicine,[3] 7.1% in Chemistry,[3] 5.2% in Economics,[3] 4.7% in Physics,[3] and 3.6% in Peace.[3] Alfred Nobel himself was an atheist later in his life.[4]
Contents
Chemistry
Harry Kroto, joint recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- Svante Arrhenius[5]
- Paul D. Boyer[6]
- Frédéric Joliot-Curie[7]
- Irène Joliot-Curie[8]
- Richard R. Ernst[9]
- Herbert A. Hauptman[10]
- Roald Hoffmann [11]
- Harold W. Kroto[12]
- Jean-Marie Lehn[13]
- Peter D. Mitchell [14]
- George Andrew Olah[15]
- Wilhelm Ostwald[16]
- Linus Pauling[17]:336[18]
- Max Perutz[19][20]
- Frederick Sanger[21]
- Michael Smith[22]
- Harold Urey[23]
Economics
Literature
Jean-Paul Sartre, recipient of the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature.
- Samuel Beckett (1969)[28]
- Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson (1913)[29]
- Pearl S. Buck (1938)[30]:58
- Albert Camus[31]
- Anatole France[32]
- John Galsworthy (1932)[33]
- Dario Fo[34]
- Nadine Gordimer[35]
- Gao Xingjian[36]
- Pablo Neruda[37]
- Eugene O'Neill[30]:125[38]
- Bertrand Russell[17]:27
- George Bernard Shaw[30]:125
- Jean-Paul Sartre[39]
- Wole Soyinka.[40][41]
- John Steinbeck[42][43]
- José Saramago[44]
Peace
- Norman Angell (1933)[45]
- Klas Pontus Arnoldson (1908)[30]:151
- Mikhail Gorbachev[46]
- Linus Pauling[17]:336[18]
- Andrei Sakharov[47][48][49]
- Elie Wiesel[50]
Physics
- Zhores Alferov[51][52]
- Hannes Alfvén[53][54]
- Philip Warren Anderson[1][55]
- John Bardeen[1]
- Hans Bethe[1][56]
- Patrick Blackett[57]
- Nicolaas Bloembergen[9]
- Niels Bohr[1][58][59][60]
- Percy Williams Bridgman[61][62][63]
- Louis de Broglie[1]
- James Chadwick[64]
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar[1][65]
- Marie Curie[1]
- Pierre Curie[1]
- Paul Dirac[1][17]:325[66]
- Albert Einstein[1][67] Einstein used many labels to describe his religious views, including "agnostic",[68]:216 "religious nonbeliever",[68]:218 and a believer in "Spinoza's God."[68]:204 However, he rejected other labels like "atheist" and "pantheist".[69]
- Enrico Fermi[1]
- Richard Feynman[1][17]:328[70]
- Val Logsdon Fitch[71]
- James Franck[72]
- Dennis Gabor[73][74]
- Murray Gell-Mann[75]
- Vitaly Ginzburg[76]
- Roy J. Glauber[9]
- Peter Higgs[77]
- Gerard 't Hooft[78][79]
- Herbert Kroemer[80]
- Lev Landau[1][81]
- Leon M. Lederman[82][83]
- Albert A. Michelson[84]
- Konstantin Novoselov[85]
- Jean Baptiste Perrin[86]
- Isidor Isaac Rabi[1]
- C. V. Raman[1]
- William Shockley[1][17]:339
- Erwin Schrödinger[1][87][88]
- Jack Steinberger[89][90]
- Igor Tamm[91][92]
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals[1]
- Eugene Wigner[1]
- Steven Weinberg[1][17]:342[93]
- Chen-Ning Yang[94]
Physiology or Medicine
- Julius Axelrod[17]:322[95]
- Robert Bárány (1914)[96]
- J. Michael Bishop[97]
- Francis Crick[98][99][100][101][102]
- Max Delbrück[103][104]
- Christian de Duve[105]
- Howard Florey[106]
- Camillo Golgi[107]
- Frederick Gowland Hopkins[108]
- Andrew Huxley[109]
- François Jacob[110]
- Sir Peter Medawar[111]
- Jacques Monod[112]
- Thomas Hunt Morgan [113]
- Herbert J. Muller[114]
- Élie Metchnikoff[115]
- Rita Levi-Montalcini[116]
- Hermann Joseph Muller[17]:334
- Paul Nurse[117]
- Ivan Pavlov[118]
- Richard J. Roberts [119]
- John Sulston[120][121]
- Albert Szent-Györgyi[122]
- Nikolaas Tinbergen[123]
- James Watson[124]
See also
- List of Nobel laureates
- List of Christian Nobel laureates
- List of Jewish Nobel laureates
- List of Muslim Nobel laureates
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ "Today, I consider myself, in Thomas Huxley's terms, an agnostic. I don’t know whether there is a God or creator, or whatever we may call a higher intelligence or being. I don’t know whether there is an ultimate reason for our being or whether there is anything beyond material phenomena. I may doubt these things as a scientist, as we cannot prove them scientifically, but at the same time we also cannot falsify (disprove) them. For the same reasons, I cannot deny God with certainty, which would make me an atheist. This is a conclusion reached by many scientists." George Olah, A Life of Magic Chemistry
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ "Nuclear power is uniquely unforgiving: as Swedish Nobel physicist Hannes Alfvén said, "No acts of God can be permitted."" Amory Lovins, Inside NOVA – Nuclear After Japan: Amory Lovins, pbs.org.
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- ↑ "The family adopted the Lutheran faith in 1918, and although Gabor nominally remained true to it, religion appears to have had little influence in his life. He later acknowledged the role played by an antireligious humanist education in the development of his ideas and stated his position as being that of a “benevolent agnostic.”" "Gabor, Dennis." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (30 January 2012).
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- ↑ The International Academy of Humanism at the website of the Council for Secular Humanism. Retrieved 18 October 2007. Some of this information is also at the International Humanist and Ethical Union website
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- ↑ Jacob, The Statue Within, pp 20–57. Quotes from pp 42 and 53.
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