List of philosophers born in the 19th century
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Philosophers born in the 19th century (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- For the history of philosophy in the 19th century, see 19th-century philosophy.
-
- Note: This list has a minimal criteria for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
See also:
- List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
- List of philosophers born in the 1st through 10th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 11th through 14th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 15th and 16th centuries
- List of philosophers born in the 17th century
- List of philosophers born in the 18th century
- List of philosophers born in the 19th century
- List of philosophers born in the 20th century
A
- Muhammad Abduh, (1849–1905)[d]
- Robert Adamson, (1852–1902)
- Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, (1839–1897)[d]
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, (1890–1963)[b][c][d]
- Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, (1817–1860)
- Samuel Alexander, (1859–1938)[a][b][c][d]
- Henri-Frédéric Amiel, (1821–1881)
- John Anderson, (1893–1962)[b][c][d]
- Roberto Ardigò, (1828–1920)
- Valentin Ferdinandovich Asmus, (1894–1975)[d]
- Sri Aurobindo, (1872–1950)[b][c][d]
- Richard Avenarius, (1843–1896)[a][b][c][d]
B
- Gaston Bachelard, (1884–1962)[a][b][c][d]
- Alexander Bain, (1818–1903)[a][b][c]
- Mikhail Bakhtin, (1895–1975)[a][b][c][d]
- Mikhail Bakunin, (1814–1876)[a][b][c][d]
- James Mark Baldwin, (1861–1934)
- Karl Barth, (1886–1968)[b][c][d]
- Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, (1805–1895)
- Georges Bataille, (1897–1962)[a][d]
- Bruno Bauer, (1809–1882)[b][c][d][e]
- David Baumgardt, (1890–1963)[d]
- Oskar Becker, (1889–1964)
- Vissarion Belinsky, (1811–1848)[d]
- Julien Benda, (1867–1956)
- Walter Benjamin, (1892–1940)[b][c][d]
- Nikolai Berdyaev, (1874–1948)[a][b][c][d]
- Henri Bergson, (1859–1941)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Eduard Bernstein, (1850–1932)[d]
- Nathan Birnbaum, (1864–1937)
- Brand Blanshard, (1892–1987)[b][c]
- Ernst Bloch, (1885–1977)[a][b][c][d]
- Maurice Blondel, (1861–1949)[a]
- Benjamin Paul Blood, (1832–1919)
- Hermann Blumenau, (1819–1899)
- George Boas, (1891–1980)
- Alexander Bogdanov, (1873–1928)[b][c][d]
- Niels Bohr, (1885–1962)[b][c][d]
- Ludwig Boltzmann, (1844–1906)[a][b][c]
- John Elof Boodin, (1869–1950)
- George Boole, (1815–1864)[b][c][d][e]*
- Bernard Bosanquet, (1848–1923)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Emile Boutroux, (1845–1921)[d]
- Oets Kolk Bouwsma, (1898–1978)[a]
- Borden Parker Bowne, (1847–1910)[d]
- F. H. Bradley, (1846–1924)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Franz Brentano, (1838–1917)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Percy Williams Bridgman, (1882–1961)[b][c][d]
- Edgar S. Brightman, (1884–1953)[b][c]
- C. D. Broad, (1887–1971)[a][b][c][d]
- Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881–1966)[a][b][c][e]
- Orestes Brownson, (1803–1876)[b][c]
- Constantin Brunner, (1862–1937)
- Emil Brunner, (1889–1966)[d]
- Leon Brunschvicg, (1869–1944)[a][b][c][d]
- James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce, (1838–1922)[d]
- Martin Buber, (1878–1965)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Ludwig Büchner, (1824–1899)[d]
- Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov, (1871–1944)[d]
- Rudolf Bultmann, (1884–1976)[b][c][d]
- Jacob Burckhardt, (1818–1897)[b][c]
- Samuel Butler, (1835–1902)[b][c]
C
- Cai Yuanpei, (1868–1940)
- Edward Caird, (1835–1908)[a]
- Mary Whiton Calkins, (1863–1930)
- Norman Robert Campbell, (1880–1949)[a][d]
- Georg Cantor, (1845–1918)[a][b][c][d]
- Pantaleo Carabellese, (1877–1948)[a]
- Rudolf Carnap, (1891–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Lewis Carroll, (1832–1898)[a][b][c][d]
- Paul Carus, (1852–1919)
- Ernst Cassirer, (1874–1945)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Carlo Cattaneo, (1801–1869)[d]
- Emile Auguste Chartier, (1868–1951)
- Nikolai Chernyshevsky, (1828–1889)[d]
- Ch'ien Mu, (1895–1990)[a]
- Leon Chwistek, (1884–1944)
- August Cieszkowski, (1814–1894)[d]
- William Kingdon Clifford, (1845–1879)[a][b][c]
- Hermann Cohen, (1842–1918)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- R. G. Collingwood, (1889–1943)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Josephus Flavius Cook, (1838–1901)
- John Cook Wilson, (1849–1915)[a][c]
- Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy, (1877–1947)
- Hans Cornelius, (1863–1947)
- Antoine Augustin Cournot, (1801–1877)[a][d]
- Louis Couturat, (1868–1914)[a][b][c]
- James Edwin Creighton, (1861–1924)
- Benedetto Croce, (1866–1952)[a][b][c][d]
- Tadeusz Czezowski, (1889–1981)
- Heinrich Czolbe, (1819–1873)[a]
D
- Nikolay Danilevsky (1822–1885)
- Charles Darwin, (1809–1882)[d]
- Augustus De Morgan, (1806–1871)[a][b][c][d]
- Francesco de Sanctis, (1817–1883)
- Richard Dedekind, (1831–1916)[a][b][c][d]
- Galvano Della Volpe, (1895–1968)
- Paul Deussen, (1845–1919)
- John Dewey, (1859–1952)[a][b][c][d]
- Albert Venn Dicey, (1835–1922)[d]
- Wilhelm Dilthey, (1833–1911)[a][b][c][d]
- Hugo Dingler, (1881–1954)
- Juan Donoso Cortés (1809-1853)
- Herman Dooyeweerd, (1894–1977)[d]
- Fyodor Dostoevsky, (1821–1881)[d]
- Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch, (1867–1941)
- Emil du Bois-Reymond, (1818–1896)[d]
- Curt Ducasse, (1881–1969)[a][b][c][d]
- Pierre Duhem, (1861–1916)[a][b][c][d]
- Eugen Dühring, (1833–1921)[b][c][d]
- Émile Durkheim, (1858–1917)[b][c][d]
E
- Julius Ebbinghaus, (1885–1981)
- Mary Baker Eddy, (1821–1910)
- Christian von Ehrenfels, (1856–1932)
- Albert Einstein, (1879–1955)[a][b][c][d]
- George Eliot, (1819–1880)[d]
- Ralph Waldo Emerson, (1803–1882)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Friedrich Engels (1820–1895)[a][b][c][d]
- Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (1846–1926)
- Julius Evola, (1898–1974)
F
- Thome H. Fang, (1899–1976)[a]
- Gustav Fechner, (1801–1887)[a][d]
- Feng Youlan, (1895–1990)[a]
- Ernest Fenollosa, (1853–1908)
- Giuseppe Ferrari, (1812–1876)
- James Frederick Ferrier, (1808–1864)[d]
- Ludwig Feuerbach, (1804–1872)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Kuno Fischer, (1824–1907)
- John Fiske, (1842–1901)
- Franciszek Fiszer, (1860–1937)
- Robert Flint, (1838–1910)
- Pavel Aleksandrovich Florenskii, (1882–1937)[d]
- Georges Florovsky, (1893–1979)
- Jerome Frank, (1889–1957)[d]
- Philipp Frank, (1884–1966)
- Semën Liudvigovich Frank (1877–1950)[d]
- Gottlob Frege, (1848–1925)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Sigmund Freud, (1856–1939)[a][b][c][d]
- Hans Freyer, (1887–1969)
- Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov, (1829–1903)[d]
G
- Mahatma Gandhi, (1869–1948)[a][b][c][d]
- Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange, (1887–1964)[d]
- Nārāyana Guru, (1856–1928)
- Giovanni Gentile, (1875–1944)[a][b][c][d]
- Otto von Gierke, (1841–1921)
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, (1860–1935)
- Étienne Gilson, (1884–1978)[a][b][c]
- Asher Ginsberg (or Ahad Ha'am), (1856–1927)[d]
- Vincenzo Gioberti, (1801–1852)[a][d]
- Arthur de Gobineau, (1816–1882)
- Antonio Gramsci, (1891–1937)[a][b][c][d]
- Thomas Hill Green, (1836–1882)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Kurt Grelling, (1886–1942)
- John Grote, (1813–1866)[d]
- D. V. Gundappa, (1889–1975)
- G. I. Gurdjieff, (1872–1949)
- Edmund Gurney, (1847–1888)[d]
H
- Paul Häberlin, (1878–1960)
- Ernst Haeckel, (1834–1919)[a][d]
- Axel Hägerström, (1868–1939)[d]
- Béla Hamvas, (1897–1968)
- Eduard Hanslick, (1825–1904)[d]
- Friedrich Harms, (1819–1880)
- William Torrey Harris, (1835–1909)
- Eduard Von Hartmann, (1842–1906)[a][b][c][d]
- Nicolai Hartmann, (1882–1950)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Charles Hartshorne, (1897–2000)[a][b][c][e]
- Friedrich Hayek, (1899–1992)[b][c][d]
- Rudolf Haym, (1821–1901)
- Martin Heidegger, (1889–1976)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Hermann von Helmholtz, (1821–1894)[a][d]
- Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, (1857–1894)[d]
- Alexander Herzen, (1812–1870)[a][b][c][d]
- Moses Hess, (1812–1875)[d]
- Sergei Hessen, (1887–1950)[d]
- David Hilbert, (1862–1943)[a][b][c]
- Dietrich von Hildebrand, (1889–1977)
- Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, (1864–1929)[b][c]
- William Ernest Hocking, (1873–1966)[b][c]
- Shadworth Hodgson, (1832–1912)[b][c]
- Harald Høffding, (1843–1931)[b][c]
- Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, (1879–1918)[a][d]
- Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., (1841–1935)[d]
- Max Horkheimer, (1895–1973)[a][d]
- Hsiung Shih-li, (1885–1968)[a]
- Hu Shih, (1891–1962)[a]
- Elbert Hubbard, (1856–1915)
- Edmund Husserl, (1859–1938)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Thomas Henry Huxley, (1825–1895)[d]
I
- Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883–1954)[a][d]
- Roman Ingarden, (1893–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]
- William Ralph Inge, (1860–1954)[d]
- Muhammad Iqbal, (1877–1938)[b][c][d]
J
- Henry James Sr., (1811–1882)
- William James, (1842–1910)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Karl Jaspers, (1883–1969)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- William Stanley Jevons, (1835–1882)[a][b][c][e]*
- Rudolf von Jhering, (1818–1892)[d]
- Krishnamurti Jiddu, (1895–1986)
- C.E.M. Joad, (1891–1953)
- William Ernest Johnson, (1858–1931)[a][b][c]
- Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894–1969)[b][c]
- Carl Jung, (1875–1961)[a][b][c][d]
- Ernst Jünger, (1895–1998)
K
- Kang Youwei, (1858–1927)[a]
- Mordecai Kaplan, (1881–1983)[d]
- Michael Ivanovich Karinski (1840–1917)
- Karl Kautsky, (1854–1938)[b][c][d]
- Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)
- Hans Kelsen, (1881–1973)[b][c][d]
- Norman Kemp Smith, (1872–1958)[d]
- John Maynard Keynes, (1883–1946)[a][b][c][d]
- Hermann von Keyserling, (1880–1946)
- Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)
- Søren Kierkegaard, (1813–1855)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Wolfgang Köhler, (1887–1967)[a]
- Alejandro Korn, (1860–1936)[b][c]
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886–1981)[a][b][c][d]
- Alexandre Koyre, (1892–1964)[d]
- Karl Kraus, (1874–1936)[b][c]
- Jiddu Krishnamurti, (1895–1986)
- Leopold Kronecker, (1823–1891)[d]
- Richard Kroner, (1884–1974)
- Peter Kropotkin, (1842–1921)[a][b][c][d]
- Kuki Shūzō, (1888–1941)[d]
L
- Antonio Labriola, (1843–1904)[a][d]
- Jules Lachelier, (1832–1918)[d]
- Pierre Laffitte, (1823–1903)[a]
- Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828–1875)[a][d][e]
- Susanne Langer, (1895–1985)[b][d]
- Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825–1864)[d]
- Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823–1900)[d]
- Moritz Lazarus, (1824–1903)
- Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870–1954)[d]
- Adrian LeMors, (1893–1956)
- Vladimir Lenin, (1870–1924)[a][b][c][d]
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831–1891)[d]
- Jules Lequier, (1814–1862)[a]
- Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886–1939)[a][b][c][d]
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857–1939)[b][c]
- George Henry Lewes, (1817–1878)
- Kurt Lewin, (1890–1947)[a]
- Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883–1964)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- C. S. Lewis, (1898–1963)[a][d]
- John Lewis, (1889–1976)
- Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873–1929)[a]
- Liang Sou-ming, (1893–1988)[a]
- Karol Libelt, (1807–1875)
- Israel Lipkin, (1810–1883)[e]*
- Émile Littré, (1801–1881)
- Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898–1969)[a]
- Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893–1962)[d]
- Alain LeRoy Locke, (1886–1954)
- Alfred Loisy, (1857–1940)[d]
- Jakob Lorber, (1800–1864)
- Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893–1988)[d]
- Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870–1965)[d]
- Hermann Lotze, (1817–1881)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873–1962)[b][c]
- Georg Lukács, (1885–1971)[a][b][c][d]
- Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878–1956)[a][b][c][d]
- Rosa Luxemburg, (1871–1919)[d]
M
- Ernst Mach, (1838–1916)[a][b][c][d][e]
- John Macmurray, (1891–1976)[c]
- Philipp Mainländer, (1841–1876)
- Ernst Mally, (1879–1944)[e]
- Karl Mannheim, (1893–1947)[a][b][c]
- Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820–1871)[a]
- Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893–1976)[a]
- Gabriel Marcel, (1887–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Herbert Marcuse, (1898–1979)[a][b][c][d]
- Jacques Maritain, (1882–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Harriet Martineau, (1802–1876)[d]
- James Martineau, (1805–1900)[a][b][c]
- Karl Marx, (1818–1883)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, (1850–1937)[b][c][d]
- Fritz Mauthner, (1849–1923)[d]
- James Clerk Maxwell, (1831–1879)[a]12[d]
- James McCosh, (1811–1894)[a]
- William McDougall, (1871–1938)[a]
- John Ellis McTaggart, (1866–1925)[a][b][c][d]
- George Herbert Mead, (1863–1931)[a][b][c][d]
- Georg Mehlis, (born 19th century)
- Friedrich Meinecke, (1862–1954)[d]
- Alexius Meinong, (1853–1920)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Gregor Mendel, (1822–1884)[a]
- Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, 1856-1912)
- Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851–1926)[a]
- Franklin Merrell-Wolff, (1887–1985)
- Emile Meyerson, (1859–1933)[b][c][d]
- Carlo Michelstaedter, (1887–1910)
- Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842–1904)[d]
- Miki Kiyoshi, (1897–1945)[d]
- John Stuart Mill, (1806–1873)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Ludwig von Mises, (1881–1973)
- William Mitchell, (1861–1962)
- Dimitrije Mitrinovic, (1887–1953)
- W. H. S. Monck (1839–1915)
- Addison Webster Moore, (1866–1930)
- G. E. Moore, (1873–1958)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Gaetano Mosca, (1858–1941)[a]
- John Henry Muirhead, (1855–1940)
- Max Müller, (1823–1900)
N
- Nārāyana Guru, (1856–1928)
- Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854–1924)[e]
- John Neihardt, (1881–1973)
- Leonard Nelson, (1882–1927)
- Otto Neurath, (1882–1945)[b][c][d]
- John Henry Newman, (1801–1890)[a][d]
- H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894–1962)[d]
- Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892–1971)[d]
- Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844–1900)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Nishi Amane, (1829–1897)[d]
- Nishida Kitaro, (1870–1945)[b][c][d][e]
- Shalva Nutsubidze, (1888–1969)
- Anders Nygren, (1890–1978)[d]
O
- Georges Ohsawa, (1893–1966)
- Karl Olivecrona, (1897–1980)[d]
- John Wood Oman, (1860–1939)[d]
- José Ortega y Gasset, (1883–1955)[a][b][c][d]
- Rudolf Otto, (1869–1937)[d]
- P. D. Ouspensky, (1878–1947)
P
- Vilfredo Pareto, (1848–1923)
- Giuseppe Peano, (1858–1932)[b][c]
- Benjamin Peirce, (1809–1880)[e]
- Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839–1914)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Ralph Barton Perry, (1876–1957)[a][b][c]
- Leon Petrazycki, (1867–1931)[d]
- Jean Piaget, (1896–1980)[a][d]
- Max Planck, (1858–1947)[b][c][d]
- Georgi Plekhanov, (1856–1918)[a][b][c][d]
- Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827–1907)
- Henri Poincaré, (1854–1912)[a][b][c][d]
- Michael Polanyi, (1891–1976)[d]
- Emil Leon Post, (1897–1954)[d]
- Roscoe Pound, (1870–1964)[d]
- Karl von Prantl, (1820–1888)
- Henry Habberley Price, (1899–1984)[b][c]
- Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871–1947)[a][b][c][d]
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809–1865)[a][b][c][d]
Q
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R
- Gustav Radbruch, (1878–1949)[d]
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, (1888–1975)[b][c][d]
- Hastings Rashdall, (1858–1924)[a][b][c][d]
- Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, (1813–1900)[d]
- Paul Rée, (1849–1901)[b][c]
- Wilhelm Reich, (1897–1957)[b][c]
- Hans Reichenbach, (1891–1953)[a][b][c][d]
- Adolf Reinach, (1883–1917)[d]
- Karl Renner, (1870–1950)[d]
- Charles Bernard Renouvier, (1815–1903)[a][b][c][d]
- I. A. Richards, (1893–1979)
- Heinrich Rickert, (1863–1936)[e]*
- Bernhard Riemann, (1826–1866)
- George Croom Robertson, (1842–1892)
- Erwin Rohde, (1845–1898)
- Francisco Romero (1891–1962)[b][c]
- Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, (1805–1879)
- Franz Rosenzweig, (1886–1929)[a][b][c][d]
- Alf Niels Christian Ross, (1899–1979)[d]
- William David Ross, (1877–1971)[a][b][c][d]
- Josiah Royce, (1865–1916)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Vasily Rozanov, (1856–1919)[d]
- Arnold Ruge, (1802–1880)[d]
- Bertrand Russell, (1872–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]
S
- Émile Saisset, (1814–1863)
- George Santayana, (1863–1952)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857–1913)[a][d]
- Max Scheler, (1874–1928)[a][b][c][d]
- F. C. S. Schiller, (1864–1937)[d]
- Moritz Schlick, (1882–1936)[b][c][d]
- Carl Schmitt, (1888–1985)[d]
- Erwin Schrödinger, (1887–1961)[a]
- Joseph Schumpeter, (1883–1950)[d]
- Alfred Schütz, (1899–1959)[b][c][d][e]
- Albert Schweizer, (1875–1965)
- Charles Secrétan, (1815–1895)
- Roy Wood Sellars, (1880–1973)[b][c]
- Lev Shestov, (1866–1938)[d]
- Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, (1879–1937)[a][d]
- Henry Sidgwick, (1838–1900)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Georg Simmel, (1858–1918)[a][d]
- Thoralf Skolem, (1887–1963)[a]
- Vladimir Solovyov, (1853–1900)[a][b][c][d]
- Georges Sorel, (1847–1922)[a][b][c][d]
- William Ritchie Sorley, (1855–1935)
- Othmar Spann, (1878–1950)
- Herbert Spencer, (1820–1903)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Thomas Spencer Baynes, (1823–1887)
- Oswald Spengler, (1880–1936)
- Afrikan Spir, (1837–1890)[a]
- Lysander Spooner, (1808–1887)
- Walter Terence Stace, (1886–1967)
- Henry Stanton, (1805–1887)
- Olaf Stapledon, (1886–1950)
- L. Susan Stebbing, (1885–1943)
- Edith Stein, (1891–1942)
- Rudolf Steiner, (1861–1925)[a][d]
- Leslie Stephen, (1832–1904)[a]
- James Hutchison Stirling, (1820–1909)
- Max Stirner, (1806–1856)[a][b][c][d][e]
- George Frederick Stout, (1860–1944)[a][b][c]
- David Friedrich Strauss, (1808–1874)[d]
- Leo Strauss, (1899–1973)[d]
- Carl Stumpf, (1848–1936)
- James Sully, (1842–1923)
- Sun Yat-sen, (1866–1925)[a]
T
- Debendranath Tagore, (1817–1905)
- Rabindranath Tagore, (1861–1941)[b][c][d]
- Hippolyte Taine, (1828–1893)[d]
- T'an Ssu-t'ung, (1864–1898)[a]
- Tanabe Hajime, (1885–1962)[b][c][d]
- Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, (1886–1980)
- Harriet Taylor Mill, (1807–1858)[a][d][e]
- Gustav Teichmuller (1837–1888)[a]
- Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, (1881–1955)[a][d]
- William Temple, (1881–1944)[d]
- Frederick Robert Tennant, (1866–1957)[d]
- Henry David Thoreau, (1817–1862)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Paul Tillich, (1886–1965)[a][d]
- Alexis de Tocqueville, (1805–1859)[d]
- Leo Tolstoy, (1828–1910)[d]
- Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, (1802–1872)
- Ernst Troeltsch, (1865–1923)[a][d]
- Leon Trotsky, (1879–1940)[b][c][d]
- Benjamin Tucker, (1854–1939)
- Kazimierz Twardowski, (1866–1938)[b][c][d]
U
- Pietro Ubaldi, (1886–1972)
- Hermann Ulrici, (1806–1884)
- Miguel de Unamuno, (1864–1936)[a][b][c][d]
- Dimitri Uznadze, (1886–1950)
V
- Hans Vaihinger, (1852–1933)[a][b][c][d]
- John Veitch, (1829–1894)
- John Venn, (1834–1923)[d]
- Milan Vidmar, (1885–1962)
- Lev Vygotsky, (1896–1934)[b][c][d]
- Boris Petrovich Vysheslavtsev, (1877–1954)[d]
W
- Jean Wahl, (1888–1974)
- Friedrich Waismann, (1896–1959)
- Alfred Russel Wallace, (1823–1913)[d]
- James Ward, (1843–1925)[a]
- John B. Watson, (1878–1958)[b][c]
- Watsuji Tetsuro, (1889–1960)[b][c][d][e]
- Max Weber, (1864–1920)[a][b][c][d][e]*
- Otto Weininger, (1880–1903)
- Christian Hermann Weisse, (1801–1866)
- Victoria, Lady Welby, (1837–1912)
- Felix Weltsch, (1884–1964)
- Edvard Westermarck, (1862–1939)[a]
- Hermann Weyl, (1885–1955)[d]
- Frantisek Weyr (or Franz Weyr), (1879–1951)[d]
- Alfred North Whitehead, (1861–1947)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Wilhelm Windelband, (1848–1915)[a][e]*
- Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, (1885–1939)
- Ludwig Wittgenstein, (1889–1951)[a][b][c][d][e]
- Woo Tsin-hang (or Chih-hui), (1865–1953)
- Chauncey Wright, (1830–1875)[a][b][c][e]
- Dorothy Maud Wrinch, (1894–1976)
- Wilhelm Wundt, (1832–1920)[a][d][e]*
X
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Y
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Z
- Peter Wessel Zapffe, (1899–1990)
- Eduard Zeller, (1814–1908)
- Ernst Zermelo, (1871–1953)[d]
- Zhang Dongsun, (1886–1973)
- Florian Znaniecki, (1882–1958)
- Xavier Zubiri, (1889–1983)
Notes
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
- The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
- The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 2005. ISBN 0-19-926479-1
- Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0-415-22364-4
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
