List of rulers of Oman

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Sultan of Oman
سلطان عمان
120px
Standard of the Sultan of Oman
Incumbent
Haitham bin Tariq Al Said
since 11 January 2020
Details
Style His Majesty
Heir apparent Theyazin bin Haitham
First monarch Al-Julanda bin Masud (imamate)
Ahmad bin Said (as Sultan)
Formation 751; 1273 years ago (751) (imamate)
1744; 280 years ago (1744) (Al Busaid Dynasty)
Residence Al Alam Palace
Website www.oman.om

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The sultan of the Sultanate of Oman is the monarchial head of state and head of government of Oman. It is the most powerful position in the country. The sultans of Oman are members of the Busaid dynasty, which has been the ruling family of Oman since the mid-18th century.

Haitham bin Tariq Al Said is the current sultan, reigning since 11 January 2020.[1]

List of imams (751–1406)

Imams Tribe Residence Began to reign Reference
Transliteration of the Arab names Names in Arab script
Al-Julanda bin Masud الجلندى بن مسعود Azd Sohar 751 [2]
Mohammed bin Abi Affan محمد بن أبي عفان Azd Nizwa  ? [3]
Al-Warith bin Ka'ab الوارث بن كعب Yahmad Nizwa 801 [4]
Ghassan bin Abdullah غسان بن عبد الله Yahmad Nizwa 807 [5]
Abdulmalik bin Humaid عبد المالك بن حميد Azd  ? 824 [6]
Al-Muhanna bin Jayfar المهنا بن جيفر Yahmad Nizwa 840 [7]
Al-Salt bin Malik الصلت بن مالك Azd  ? 851 [8]
Rashid bin Al-Nadhar راشد بن النظر  ?  ? 886 [9]
Azzan bin Tamim عزان بن تميم  ? Nizwa 890 [10]
Mohammed bin Al-Hassan محمد بن الحسن Azd  ? 897 [11]
Azzan bin Al-Hazbar عزان بن الهزبر Yahmad  ? 898 [12]
Abdullah bin Mohammed عبد الله بن محمد  ?  ? 899 [13]
Al-Salt bin Al-Qasim الصلت بن القاسم  ?  ? 900 [14]
Al-Husn bin Said الحسن بن سعيد  ?  ? 900 [15]
Al-Hawari bin Matraf الحواري بن مطرف  ?  ? 904 [16]
Omar bin Mohammed عمر بن محمد  ?  ? 912 [17]
Mohammed bin Yazid محمد بن يزيد Kinda  ?  ? [18]
Al-Hakm bin Al-Milaa Al-Bahri الحكم بن الملا البحري Bahri Nizwa  ? [19]
Said bin Abdullah سعيد بن عبد الله  ?  ? 939 [20]
Rashid bin Waleed راشد بن الوليد  ? Nizwa  ? [21]
Al-Khalil bin Shadhan الخليل بن شاذان Kharusi  ? 1002 [22]
Rashid bin Said راشد بن سعيد Yahmad  ? 1032 [23]
Hafs bin Rashid حفص بن راشد  ?  ? 1068 [24]
Rashid bin Ali راشد بن علي  ?  ? 1054 [25]
Musa bin Jabir ابن جابر موسى  ? Nizwa 1154 [26]
Malik bin Aly مالك بن علي  ?  ? 1406 [27]

List of imams (1406–1749)

Nabhani dynasty (1406–1624)

Name Portrait Reign start Reign end Notes
Makhzum bin al Fallah No image.png 1406 1435
Abul Hassan of Oman No image.png 1435 1451
Omar bin al Khattab No image.png 1451 1490
Omar al Sharif No image.png 1490 1500
Muhammad bin Ismail No image.png 1500 1529 Portuguese protectorate imposed on 15 April 1515.
Barakat bin Muhammad No image.png 1529 1560
Abdulla bin Muhammad No image.png 1560 1624

Yaruba dynasty (1624–1749)

Name Portrait Reign start Reign end Notes
Nasir bin Murshid No image.png 1624 1649
Sultan bin Saif No image.png 1649 1679 Portuguese protectorate ended with their expulsion on 1 January 1650.
Bil'arab bin Sultan No image.png 1679 1692
Saif bin Sultan No image.png 1692 1711
Sultan bin Saif II No image.png 1711 1718
Saif bin Sultan II No image.png 1718 1719
Muhanna bin Sultan No image.png 1719 1720
Saif bin Sultan II No image.png 1720 1722 Second reign
Ya'arab bin Bel'arab No image.png 1722 1722
Saif bin Sultan II No image.png 1722 1724 Third reign
Muhammad bin Nasir No image.png 1724 1728 Not a member of the dynasty
Saif bin Sultan II No image.png 1728 1742 Fourth reign; at first in the coastal area only
Bal'arab bin Himyar No image.png 1728 1737 First reign; in the interior
Sultan bin Murshid No image.png 1742 1743
Bal'arab bin Himyar No image.png 1743 1749 Second reign; in the interior

List of sultans (1749–present)

Name
 Lifespan
 Reign start
 Reign end
 Notes
 Family
 Image
Ahmad bin Said <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • أحمد بن سعيد
 1710 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 10 June 1749 15 December 1783 From 1744 in the coastal region Busaid Ahmad bin Said
Said bin Ahmad <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سعيد بن أحمد
 1741 – 1811 (aged 70) 15 December 1783 1786 Son of Ahmad bin Said Busaid Said bin Ahmad
Hamad bin Said <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • حمد بن سعيد
 ? – 13 March 1792 1786 13 March 1792 Son of Said bin Ahmad Busaid Hamad bin Said
Sultan bin Ahmad <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سلطان بن أحمد
 1755 –
17 November 1804 (aged 48–49)		 18 March 1792 17 November 1804 Son of Ahmad bin Said Busaid Sultan bin Ahmad
Salim bin Sultan <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سالم بن سلطان
 (1790-09-11)11 September 1790 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 18 November 1804 14 September 1806 Son of Sultan bin Ahmad Busaid Salim bin Sultan
Said bin Sultan <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سعيد بن سلطان
 (1791-06-05)5 June 1791 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 20 November 1804 19 October 1856 Son of Sultan bin Ahmad Busaid 80px
Thuwaini bin Said <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • ثويني بن سعيد
 1821 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 19 October 1856 11 February 1866 Son of Said bin Sultan Busaid 80px
Salim bin Thuwaini <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سالم بن ثويني
 1839 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 11 February 1866 3 October 1868
(deposed)		 Son of Thuwaini bin Said Busaid Salim bin Thuwaini
Azzan bin Qais <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سعيد بن أحمد
 ? – 30 January 1871 3 October 1868 30 January 1871 Great-great-grandson of Ahmad bin Said Busaid 80px
Turki bin Said <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • تركي بن سعيد
 1832 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 30 January 1871 4 June 1888 Son of Said bin Sultan Busaid Turki bin Said
Faisal bin Turki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • فيصل بن تركي
 (1864-06-08)8 June 1864 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 4 June 1888 5 October 1913 Son of Turki bin Said Busaid Faisal bin Turki
Taimur bin Faisal <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • تيمور بن فيصل
 1886 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 5 October 1913 10 February 1932
(abdicated)		 Son of Faisal bin Turki Busaid 80px
Said bin Taimur <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • سعيد بن تيمور‎
 (1910-08-13)13 August 1910 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 10 February 1932 23 July 1970
(deposed)		 Son of Taimur bin Feisal Al Said 80px
Qaboos bin Said <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • قابوس بن سعيد
 (1940-11-18)18 November 1940 –
Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.		 23 July 1970 10 January 2020 Son of Said bin Taimur Al Said Qabus bin Said{{
Haitham bin Tariq <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • هيثم بن طارق
 (1955-10-11) 11 October 1955 (age 68) 11 January 2020 Incumbent Grandson of Taimur bin Feisal Al Said 80px

Succession

Unlike the heads of other Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Qaboos did not publicly name an heir. Article 6 of the constitution says the Royal Family Council has three days to choose a new sultan from the date the position falls vacant. If the Royal Family Council fails to agree, a letter containing a name penned by Sultan Qaboos should be opened in the presence of the Defence Council of military and security officials, supreme court chiefs, and heads of the upper and lower houses of the consultative assemblies.[28] Analysts saw the rules as an elaborate means of Qaboos securing his choice for successor without causing controversy by making it public during his lifetime, since it was considered unlikely that the royal family would be able to agree on a successor on its own.[28]

Qaboos had no children, and only one sister, Sayyida Umaima, but no male siblings; there are other male members of the Omani royal family including paternal uncles and their families. Using same-generation primogeniture, the successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur, Oman's first prime minister and the Sultan's former father-in-law. Oman watchers believed the top contenders to succeed Qaboos were three of Tariq's sons: Asa'ad bin Tariq, Deputy Prime Minister[29] for International Relations and Cooperation[30] and the Sultan's special representative; Shihab bin Tariq, a retired commander of the Royal Navy of Oman; and Haitham bin Tariq, Minister of Heritage and National Culture.[28][31]

On 11 January 2020, Oman state TV said the Royal Family Council, in a letter to the Defense Council, had decided to defer to the choice that Qanoos named in his will, and thus had opened the letter by Qaboos naming his successor, announcing shortly that Haitham bin Tariq is the country's ruling sultan.[32] Haitham has two sons and two daughters.[33][34]

On 12 January 2021, the current Sultan, Haitham bin Tariq officially changed the Basic Law of State, stipulating the creation of the post for the Crown Prince of Oman and appointed his first son, Theyazin bin Haitham as the apparent successor, making him the first Crown Prince of the Sultanate.[35]

2021 changes

On 11 January 2021, the new Sultan, Haitham bin Tariq changed the Basic law of the state and charted out the procedures for succession in the future.

As per the new rules, the power shall be transferred from the Sultan to his eldest son and then to the eldest son of the Heir Apparent. In case the eldest son of the sultan is no more, then the power will be transferred to the eldest son of the Heir Apparent.

If the Heir Apparent has no sons, then the power should be transferred to the eldest of his brothers. In Case the heir apparent has no brothers, then the powers shall transfer to the son of the eldest of his brothers and so on as per the sequence of the ages of the brothers.

In case there exists no brothers or sons of brothers to the Heir Apparent, then the rule shall transfer to the uncles (only from the fathers' side) and their sons as per the order set by the paragraph (2) of the Basic Law of the State. It is also stated the Heir apparent must be a Muslim and legitimate son of Omani Muslim parents.

Article (3) of the Law states that if the transfer of power is made to a person aged under 21, then the power of the Sultan shall be undertaken by a trusteeship council appointed by a Royal Will and in case of non-appointment of such a council before his death, the Royal Family Council will appoint a trusteeship council comprising one of the brothers of the Sultan and two sons of his uncles.

The system of the trusteeship council shall be issued by a Royal Decree.  Article (7) states that a Royal Order shall be issued on the appointment of the Heir Apparent to assume power and the prerogatives and duties to be assigned to him.   

The Heir Apparent shall be sworn in before the Sultan before exercising his prerogatives and duties.

Article (8) says that in case it is not temporarily possible for the Sultan to exercise his powers, then the Heir Apparent shall assume such powers.

Standard of the Sultan

  • Royal Standard of Oman.svg

    Standard of the Sultan of Oman.

See also

References

General
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Specific
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 7
  3. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 9
  4. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 10
  5. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 12
  6. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 15
  7. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 16
  8. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 19
  9. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 19
  10. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 20
  11. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 25
  12. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 25
  13. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 26
  14. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 26
  15. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 26
  16. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 26
  17. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 27
  18. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 28
  19. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 29
  20. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 29
  21. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 30
  22. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 35
  23. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 35
  24. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 35
  25. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 35
  26. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 36
  27. ↑ Salil-Ibn Razik 1871, p. 36
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

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