This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources. Data is most complete for Australia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Japan, Hong Kong, Mexico, Taiwan, Yap, Chuuk, and the United States, with fragmentary data available for other countries. The French region of Réunion holds several world records for tropical cyclone and worldwide rainfall, due to the rough topography and its proximity to the Indian ocean.[1]
A map of all tropical cyclone tracks, encompassing the period between the years 1985 and 2005.
Below are the records for each country above.
Antigua and Barbuda
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Antigua and Barbuda
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Lenny 1999 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[2] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Luis 1995 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Frederic 1979 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Omar 2008 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Earl 2010 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Jose 1999 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hugo 1989 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Daisy 1962 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Iris 1995 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Rafael 2012 |
V. C. Bird International Airport |
[3] |
Australia
Christmas Island
Christmas Island is an Australian territory located in the Indian Ocean located at the summit of a submarine mountain, which rises steeply to a central plateau that is dominated by stands of rainforest.[13] After rainfall and wind observations started on the island during 1972, only 13 tropical cyclones passed within 220 km (135 mi) of the territory between 1972 and 2005.[13]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Christmas Island
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gillian 2014 |
Christmas Island Airport |
[14] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Jacob 2007 |
Christmas Island Airport |
[15] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Cecily 1973 |
|
[16] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Rosie 2008 |
Christmas Island Airport |
[17] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Norah 1974 |
|
[18] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Denise 1975 |
|
[19] |
Cocos Islands
Although Tropical Low 11U in 2013 remained more than 120 km (75 mi) away from the Cocos Islands, wind shear displaced convection westward and over the islands for several days, resulting in record breaking rainfall.
[20]
The Cocos (Keeling) Islands are an Australian territory of 27 coral islands that are formed into two large coral atolls and cover an area of around 36 km2 (14 sq mi) of the Indian Ocean to the northwest of Perth, Australia.[13] Rainfall observations started on the islands during 1907, while temperature, wind and other records started in 1952.[13] Between 1952 and 2005 27 tropical cyclones caused storm force wind gusts of over 90 km/h (55 mph) on the islands, while only four caused hurricane-force gusts of over 125 km/h (80 mph).[13]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in the Cocos Islands
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
844.6 |
33.25 |
11U 2013 |
Cocos Island Airport |
[20] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Pedro 1989 |
|
[13] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Walter 2001 |
|
[21] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Adeline-Juliet 2005 |
|
[22] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Deidre-Dalida 1973 |
|
[23] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Bruce 2013 |
Cocos Island Airport |
[24][25] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Kate 2014 |
Cocos Island Airport |
[26][27] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Norah 1974 |
|
[18] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Annie 1973 |
|
[28] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Anggrek 2010 |
Cocos Island Airport |
[29] |
Bahamas
Tropical Storm Noel over the Bahamas
Bangladesh
Cyclone Komen approaching Bangladesh on July 29, 2015
Bangladesh has been the scene of the greatest tropical cyclone casualties in recent times. The country is quite flat and generally lies near sea level.
Belize
This country has terrain mainly across its southern sections, with elevations up to about 3,700 feet (1,100 m).[46] The highest reported rainfall in what was formerly British Honduras occurred during Hurricane Keith in 2000 when 32.67 inches (830 mm) of rain fell in a 24‑hour period at Phillip Goodson International Airport in Belize City.[47] It should be noted that equally heavy rains could have fallen during Hurricane Hattie of 1961 and Hurricane Fifi of 1974.
Cambodia
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Cambodia
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
404.1 |
15.91 |
Linda 1997 |
Kompot |
[54] |
2 |
240.0 |
9.45 |
Violet 1964 |
Paksa |
[55] |
3 |
30.5 |
1.20 |
Faith 1998 |
Kompong Cham |
[56] |
Canada
Extratropical cyclone Harvey near Nova Scotia
Tropical cyclones are usually in transition to extratropical cyclones by the time they reach Atlantic Canada, though occasionally they retain their tropical status. No tropical cyclone has ever hit Canada's Pacific coast.
China
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China is a mountainous country, which leads to rapid dissipation of cyclones that move inland as well as significant amounts of rain from those dissipating cyclones. Typhoon Nina (1975) caused the collapse of two huge reservoirs and ten smaller dams when 1,062 millimetres (41.8 in) fell in Henan during a 24‑hour period, which is the record for Mainland China. Typhoon Sam of the 1999 Pacific typhoon season became the wettest known tropical cyclone to impact Hong Kong since records began in 1884, breaking a 73‑year‑old record.[67] Precipitation associated with tropical cyclones and their remains can bring snow to Tibet. An early October 2004 tropical depression brought daily precipitation of 6 centimetres (2.4 in) of liquid equivalent precipitation to Che-Ku county in the form of heavy snow, which was a new October daily precipitation record for both rain and snow. This led to a loss of 340,000 kg of food, 230,000 kg of forage grass, and 263 livestock in the snowstorm.[40]
Mainland
Hong Kong
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants Hong Kong
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
616.5 |
24.27 |
Sam 1999 |
Hong Kong Observatory |
[76] |
2 |
597.0 |
23.50 |
July 1926 Typhoon |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
3 |
562.0 |
22.13 |
June 1916 Typhoon |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
4 |
530.7 |
20.89 |
Agnes 1965 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
5 |
519.0 |
20.43 |
Agnes 1978 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
6 |
516.1 |
20.32 |
Ellen 1976 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
7 |
497.5 |
19.59 |
Dot 1993 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
8 |
491.7 |
19.36 |
Dot 1982 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
9 |
480.9 |
18.93 |
Helen 1995 |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
10 |
473.2 |
18.63 |
August 1904 Typhoon |
Royal Observatory, Hong Kong |
[76] |
Taiwan/Taipei
Costa Rica
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Costa Rica
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
920.0 |
36.22 |
Cesar 1996 |
Alto de Tinamaste |
[86] |
2 |
466.6 |
18.37 |
Mitch 1998 |
Jaco |
[87] |
3 |
376.4 |
14.82 |
Alma 2008 |
Quepos |
[88] |
4 |
331.5 |
13.05 |
Gert 1993 |
Unknown |
[89] |
Cuba
Hurricane Flora of October 1963 drifted across Cuba for four days, leading to extreme rainfall across the mountainous island country. During the heaviest 24‑hour period of rainfall, 735 millimetres (28.9 in) of rain fell at Santiago de Cuba. Total amounts of 2,033 millimetres (80.0 in) over 4 days and 2,550 millimetres (100 in) over 5 days produced staggering loss of life in Cuba, where over 2000 perished.[90]
Dominica
The islands of the eastern Caribbean are constantly threatened by tropical storms and hurricanes, mainly between August and October. Dominica is a rugged island, with spots of elevation as high as nearly 4,750 feet (1,450 m).[91] As Hurricane Jeanne moved through the region, 422.3 millimetres (16.63 in) of rain fell during the 24‑hour period ending on the morning of September 15, 2004.[38]
Dominican Republic
Noel near Dominican Republic
This country, taking up two-thirds of Hispaniola, has some of the highest terrain surrounding the Caribbean Sea, with Pico Duarte peaking at 10,700 feet (3,300 m) above sea level.[96] Most of the tropical cyclone rainfall totals on the list below are 24‑hour maxima, which likely underrepresent the storm total.
El Salvador
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in El Salvador
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
406.4 |
16.00 |
Adrian 2005 |
|
[104] |
2 |
>400 |
15.74 |
Agatha 2010 |
|
[105] |
3 |
262.4 |
10.33 |
Mitch 1998 |
Acajutla/Sonsonate |
[106] |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk
Elevations of the islands surrounding Chuuk lagoon reach a height of about 1,450 feet (440 m).[107] Typhoon Chataan led to excessive rainfall on this island from June 23 – July 3, 2002, when a total of 939 mm (37.0 in) fell. During the time frame when Chataan was declared a tropical cyclone from July 1–3, 622 mm (24.5 in) fell, with 506 mm (19.9 in) falling on the 2nd alone at the international airport.[108]
Pohnpei
This mountainous island lies in the tropical northwest Pacific Ocean.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Pohnpei island
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Axel 1992 |
|
[110] |
Yap State
The wettest known tropical cyclone for the state was Ruby in 1982, which drifted in the island's vicinity for several days during its initial development phase.[111]
Fiji
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Fiji
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Wally (1980) |
Sakisa |
[112] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Kina (1992-93) |
Monasavu dam |
[113] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Bebe (1972) |
Suva |
[112][114] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gavin (1997) |
Monasavu dam |
[115] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
June (1997) |
Matei |
[116] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Evan (2012) |
Monasavu dam |
[117] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Mick (2009) |
Monasavu dam |
[118] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Rae (1990) |
Monasavu dam |
[119] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Oscar (1983) |
Vunisea |
[120] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gene (2008) |
Taveuni Island |
[121] |
Orography from the volcanic islands of Fiji has led to significant rainfall during tropical cyclone passages, which occur roughly once a year.
France
French Polynesia
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in French Polynesia
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
02F 1998 |
Tahiti |
[122] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Judy 2004 |
Takaroa |
[123] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Wasa 1991 |
Uturoa |
[124] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Pam 1997 |
Rarotonga |
[125] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Zita 2007 |
Rurutu |
[126] |
Guadeloupe
Hurricane Marilyn moved directly across the island in mid-September 1995,[127] bringing the highest known rainfall totals to the island from a tropical cyclone.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Guadeloupe
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Luis 1995 |
Dent de l'est (Soufrière) |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Marilyn 1995 |
Saint-Claude |
[31] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Lenny 1999 |
Gendarmerie |
[128] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hugo 1989 |
|
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hortense 1996 |
Maison du Volcan |
[129] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Jeanne 2004 |
|
[130] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Cleo 1964 |
Deshaies |
[31] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Erika 2009 |
|
[131] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Earl 2010 |
Sainte-Rose (Viard) |
[132] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Edith 1963 |
Basse Terre |
[31] |
Martinique
Martinique is a mountainous island at the fringe of the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Martinique
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dorothy 1970 |
Fourniols |
[133] |
2 |
567.0 |
22.32 |
Klaus 1990 |
Le Morne-Rouge |
[134] |
3 |
475.0 |
18.07 |
Beulah 1967 |
Les Anses-d'Arlets |
[135] |
4 |
450.1 |
17.72 |
Iris 1995 |
Ducos |
[136] |
5 |
349.0 |
13.74 |
David 1979 |
Saint-Joseph |
[137] |
6 |
332.0 |
13.07 |
Dean 2007 |
Fort-de-France |
[138] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Cindy 1993 |
Le Prêcheur |
[139] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Edith 1963 |
Saint-Pierre |
[31] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Allen 1980 |
Grand-Rivière |
[140] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Marilyn 1995 |
Le Morne-Rouge |
[141] |
Tropical Storm Dorothy (1970)
New Caledonia
Réunion Island
The mountainous island of Réunion has experienced several of the highest rainfall totals on record from tropical cyclones and holds the rainfall world records for 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten days as a result.[143][144][145] The 12 and 24 hourly rainfall records were set at Foc-Foc by Cyclone Denise in 1966, while an Unnamed Tropical Cyclone between April 8–10, 1958 set the record for 48 hours at Aurere. Tropical Cyclone Gamede between February 24–28, 2007 came close to beating the records for 12, 24 and 48 hours before setting the records for three, four, five, six, seven, eight and nine days that were held by Tropical Cyclone Hyacinthe 1980.[144][145] Hyacinthe 1980 currently holds the world records for ten and fifteen days with rainfall totals of Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). and Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). respectively recorded at Commerson Crater.[145][146]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Reunion island
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hyacinthe 1980 |
Commerson |
[145] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gamede 2007 |
Commerson |
[144] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Diwa 2006 |
Grand-Ilet |
[144] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Denise 1966 |
Foc-Foc |
[145] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dina 2002 |
Bellecombe |
[147] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gael 2009 |
Commerson |
[148] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Bejisa 2013 |
Cilaos |
[149] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gretelle 1997 |
Commerson |
[150] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Fame 2008 |
Grand-Ilet |
[151] |
Saint Martin
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Saint Martin
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Lenny 1999 |
Gendarmerie |
[2] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Jose 1999 |
Point Blanche |
[152] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Otto 2010 |
Charlotte Amalie |
[153] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Earl 2010 |
Grand Case |
[154] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Marilyn 1995 |
|
[155] |
Wallis and Futuna
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Wallis and Futuna
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
674.9 |
26.57 |
Raja 1986 |
Maopoopo, Futuna Island |
[156] |
2 |
556.7 |
21.92 |
Fran 1992 |
Hihifo, Wallis Island |
[156] |
3 |
291.2 |
11.46 |
Val 1975 |
Hihifo, Wallis Island |
[156] |
4 |
220.6 |
8.69 |
Hina 1997 |
Maopoopo, Futuna Island |
[156] |
5 |
186.0 |
7.32 |
Evan 2012 |
Futuna Island |
[157] |
6 |
180.0 |
7.09 |
Val 1980 |
Maopoopo, Futuna Island |
[156] |
7 |
171.6 |
6.76 |
Keli 1997 |
Hihifo, Wallis Island |
[156] |
8 |
160.8 |
6.33 |
Unnamed 1966 |
Malaetoli, Wallis Island |
[156] |
9 |
160.0 |
6.30 |
Amos 2016 |
Hihifo, Wallis Island |
[158] |
10 |
119.0 |
4.69 |
Waka 2001 |
Hihifo, Wallis Island |
[156] |
Great Britain
Anguilla
Bermuda
Bermuda has not historically received overwhelming rains out of tropical cyclones. This could be because of the rapid pace storms usually pass the island and the lack of mountains on the island.
Cayman Islands
Guatemala
Tropical Storm Agatha in May 2010 became the second-wettest tropical cyclone in the nation's history when it slowly developed while remaining nearly stationary to the southwest of Guatemala, before turning northeast and dissipating across inland Central America.[171]
Tropical Storm Agatha (2010)
Haiti
The mountainous country of Haiti has experienced some of the most powerful hurricanes on record, including Hurricane David. Its three mountain ranges have peaks as high as 8793 feet/2680 meters above sea level.[177]
Gordon dropping heavy rainfall on Haiti along its frontal-like band
Honduras
Swan Island
India
India can be struck by cyclones that form in the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea.
Indonesia
The precursor tropical disturbance of Tropical Cyclone Inigo in April 2003 dropped heavy rainfall in eastern Indonesia. The rainfall caused flash flooding and mudslides, primarily in Flores but also on West Timor[197] and Sumba.[198] In some locations, the depth of the floodwaters reached 5 metres (16 ft). The Oessao River in West Timor exceeded its banks, which flooded seven villages. In Kupang in West Timor, the system destroyed hundreds of homes and large fields of corn, bean, and rice crop. Heavy damage was reported near Ende, where flooding and mudslides destroyed 20 houses and destroyed the roads connecting to East Flores. The city airport was flooded with one meter (3 ft) of water, preventing aerial transportation and which left the city temporarily isolated. In East Flores Regency in eastern Flores Island, the system left 75 destroyed houses, along with 77 severely damaged and a further 56 receiving light damage.[197]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Indonesia
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
223 |
8.78 |
Inigo 2003 |
Larantuka, Flores |
[199] |
Iran
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Iran
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
74 mm |
2.91 inches |
Gonu 2007 |
Chabahar |
[200] |
Jamaica
This mountainous island country of Jamaica can get lashed with rainfall by slow-moving tropical cyclones in the western Caribbean Sea. Its interior, the Blue Mountains, reach a height of 7,400 feet (2,300 m) above sea level.[201]
Japan
Severe Tropical Storm Talas approaching Japan on September 2, 2011
The mountainous island archipelago is constantly struck by typhoons recurving out of the tropics, which are normally in extratropical transition as they pass through Japan. Typhoon Namtheun of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season holds the national 24-hour precipitation record with 1,317 millimetres (51.9 in) observed in Kisawa village,[209] surpassing the previous record of 1,140 mm (45 in) set during Typhoon Fran in 1976.[210]
Okinawa
Typhoon Bolaven near Okinawa on August 26, 2012
Ryukyu Islands
Typhoon Rusa caused 409 millimetres (16.1 in) of rain to fall at Naze on August 29–30, 2002.[222] Typhoon Aere dropped 314.5 millimetres (12.38 in) of rain in the 65‑hour period ending at 1400 UTC on August 25, 2004 at Ishigakihima.[71] Typhoon Agnes in August 1957 dropped 586.2 millimetres (23.08 in) of rainfall on Marcus Island.[31] In 1972, Typhoon Rita dumped 31.87 in (809 mm) on Okinoerabu Shima.[225]
Johnston Atoll
Tropical cyclones occasionally threaten this central Pacific island. Hurricane Celeste of 1972 brought 6.21 inches (158 mm) to the isle around August 19.[226]
Korea
The Korean Peninsula experiences typhoons regularly. Tropical cyclones which impact southern China also lead to, on average, five heavy rainfall events per year across the Korean peninsula.[227]
North Korea
Very heavy rains fell across Tongchon and Kosong counties during Typhoon Rusa in 2002, where up to 510 millimetres (20 in) of precipitation fell in a 5- to 10-hour period.[222]
South Korea
Severe Tropical Storm Nakri
Madagascar
The north end of the island, known as the Tsaratanana Massif region, contains terrain with elevations up to 9417 feet/2880 meters.[237]
Malaysia
Tropical Storm Jelawat/Domeng
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Malaysia
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
220 |
8.66 |
Jelawat/Domeng 2006 |
Kampung |
[246] |
Mauritius
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Mauritius
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dina 2002 |
Pierrefonds |
[247] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hollanda 1994 |
Mare-aux-Vacoas |
|
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Davina 1999 |
Arnaud |
[248] |
3 |
202.8 |
7.98 |
Hennie 2005 |
Sans-Souci |
|
4 |
192.8 |
7.59 |
Dumile 2013 |
Arnaud |
[249] |
5 |
58.8 |
2.31 |
Crystal 2002 |
Providence |
[250] |
Marshall Islands
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants
in the Marshall Islands
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
|
271 |
10.65 |
Bavi 2015 |
Kwajalein Atoll |
[251] |
|
Mexico
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Hurricane Wilma of 2005 drifted over the northeast portion of the Yucatán peninsula for a couple of days, dropping significant rains. A report of 1,576 millimetres (62.0 in) was reported by the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional in Mexico,[252] which is the wettest known 24-hour rainfall amount ever measured in Mexico. Second on the list is from Tropical Storm Frances in 1998, which accumulated up to 1,019 millimetres (40.1 in) of rain at Independencia in southern Chiapas.[253] Below is a list of the highest known storm total rainfall amounts from individual tropical cyclones across Mexico. Most of the rainfall information was provided by the Mexico's National Weather Service, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional, which is a part of the National Water Commission, Comisión Nacional del Agua.
Mozambique
The elevation of the country increases to the west, with mountains on its highest plateau reaching nearly 8,000 feet (2,400 m).[264]
Myanmar
Cyclone Nargis near landfall
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Myanmar
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Nargis 2008 |
|
[268] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
T.D. No. 2 2007 |
|
[269] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Komen 2015 |
|
[270] |
Nepal
Some of the highest elevations on the planet lie in Nepal. Eight out of fourteen highest peaks in the world lie in the Nepalese Himalaya including the highest peak of the World, Mt. Everest (8848 m).[271] During a tropical depression that affected the Indian Subcontinent in 2004, 51.3 millimetres (2.02 in) of rain fell at Kathmandu airport in the 24‑hour period ending at 1200 UTC on October 7.[40]
Netherlands Antilles
Saba
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Saba
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
286.3 mm |
11.27 inches |
Alice (1954) |
|
[160] |
St. Eustatius
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on St. Eustatius
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
203.2 mm |
8.00 inches |
Alice (1954) |
|
[160] |
Saint Martin/Sint Maarten
This hilly island is partially owned by France and partially claimed by the Netherlands.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Saint Martin/Sint Maarten
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Lenny 1999 |
Meteorological Office, Phillpsburg |
[2] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Jose 1999 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[152] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Luis 1995 |
|
[272] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Otto 2010 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[273] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Rafael 2012 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[274] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ernesto 2012 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[274] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Chantal 2013 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[275] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dorian 2013 |
Princess Juliana International Airport |
[275] |
New Zealand
Most tropical cyclones which pass near New Zealand are in extratropical transition (ET) or have become extratropical, which can enhance their heavy rainfall threat.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in New Zealand
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Hilda 1990 |
North Egmont Visitor Centre |
[276] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Bola 1988 |
Glenross station |
[277] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Rewa 1994 |
Collier Creek |
[278] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Fergus 1996 |
The Pinnacles |
[279][280] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Delilah 1989 |
Puhipuhi |
[281] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dinah 1967 |
Mangahoe |
[282] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Beti 1996 |
The Pinnacles |
[283] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Giselle 1968 |
Leatham |
[284] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ivy 2004 |
The Pinnacles |
[285] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Wilma 2011 |
Northland |
[286] |
Nicaragua
Niue
During the passage of Tropical Cyclone Heta in January 2004, the Niue Meteorological Station reported a record 24-hour rainfall of 999.2 millimetres (39.34 in).[293]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants on Niue
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
999.2 mm |
39.34 in |
Heta 2004 |
Niue Meteorological Station |
[293] |
Oman
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Oman
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Gonu 2007 |
|
[294] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Phet 2010 |
JabalHilm |
|
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Masirah Cyclone 1977 |
Salala |
[295] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
T.S. 02A (1996) |
Dhofar |
[296] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Muscat Cyclone 1890 |
Muscat |
[295] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Oman Cyclone 2002 |
Qairoon |
[297] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ashobaa 2015 |
Masirah Island |
[298] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Salalah Cyclone 1963 |
Salalah |
[295] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Salalah Cyclone 1959 |
Salalah |
[295] |
Pakistan
Cyclone Phet, a cyclone making landfall in Pakistan in June 2010 as a deep depression
Tropical cyclones for the Arabian Sea usually affect Pakistan. Tropical cyclones from the Bay of Bengal can affect Pakistan, though they usually weaken by the time they reach the Pakistani coastline.[299]
Palau
Palau consists of a string of islands that is rugged and surrounds a lagoon. Elevations up to 2,060 feet (630 m) exist within the island group.[312]
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Palau
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Marie 1976 |
Koror |
[313] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Nathan 1993 |
Nekken Forestry |
[31] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ruby 1982 |
Koror |
[31] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Mike 1990 |
Koror |
[314] |
5 |
121.7 |
4.79 |
Dianmu 2004 |
Koror |
[315] |
6 |
84.3 |
3.32 |
Bopha 2012 |
Koror |
[316] |
7 |
47.8 |
1.88 |
Ewiniar 2006 |
Koror |
[317] |
Panama
Inflow to the south of Hurricane Mitch brought impressive rainfalls to the Panama. Veledero de Tole recorded 695 millimetres (27.4 in) of rainfall between October 22 and 31, 1998.
Philippines
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
This Philippines island archipelago is fairly mountainous, with the highest terrain found in Luzon.
Samoa
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Samoa
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Evan, 2012 |
Alaoa, Upolu |
[324] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Amos 2016 |
Apia, Upolu |
[325] |
Singapore
Typhoon Vamei of December 20, 2001 was the only known storm to ever hit the island state. It dropped 165.1 millimetres (6.50 in) of rainfall.
Solomon Islands
South Africa
Tropical Cyclone Eline in February 2000 dropped significant rains on portions of South Africa. The highest amount noted was 480 mm (19 in) at Thohoyandou.[330]
Spain
The only tropical cyclone to reach mainland Europe was 2005's Hurricane Vince. It dropped 3.3 inches (84 mm) of rain on the plain near Cordoba.[331]
Sri Lanka
A tropical depression in early October 2004 led to heavy rains across Sri Lanka. The maximum was measured at Galle where 117.2 mm (4.61 in) fell in the 24‑hour period ending at 0600 UTC on the 2nd.[40]
St. Brandon, South Indian Ocean
Tropical Cyclone Darius of New Year's Eve/Day of 2003/2004 passed about 45 miles (72 km) west-northwest of the island. Rainfall over the 24‑hour period of closest approach was 135 mm (5.3 in).[332]
St. Kitts and Nevis
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Alice (1954) |
|
[160] |
Thailand
Tropical cyclones occasionally cross the Malay Peninsula from the northwest Pacific into the Bay of Bengal.
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Thailand
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Zeke 1991 |
Khlong Yai |
[31] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Tilda 1962 |
At Somat |
[55] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Vae 1952 |
Chantaburi |
[55] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ira 1990 |
Lop Buri |
[31] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Ed 1990 |
Takua Pa |
[31] |
6 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
18W (2013) |
Muang district |
[333] |
7 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Fred 1991 |
Khon Kaen |
[31] |
8 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Brian 1989 |
Takua Pa |
[31] |
9 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Muifa 2004 |
Prachaup Khirikhan |
[334] |
10 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Nell 1990 |
Ko Samui |
[31] |
Tonga
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Tonga
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
200.0 |
7.87 |
Waka 2001 |
|
|
2 |
153.0 |
6.02 |
Lin 2009 |
Niuafo'ou |
[335] |
3 |
152.2 |
6.00 |
Mick 2010 |
Fua'amotu |
|
4 |
149.0 |
5.87 |
Rene 2011 |
Fua'amotu |
|
5 |
120.0 |
4.72 |
Isaac 1982 |
|
[336] |
5 |
120.0 |
4.72 |
Jasmine 2012 |
Tongatapu |
[337] |
6 |
97.7 |
3.85 |
Vaianu 2006 |
Fuaʻamotu |
[338] |
7 |
44.8 |
1.76 |
Cyril 2011 |
Vava'u |
[339] |
8 |
37.5 |
1.48 |
Wilma 2010 |
Fua'amotu |
[340] |
9 |
35.9 |
1.41 |
Cliff 2007 |
Fua'amotu |
[341] |
United States
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Vanuatu
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Vanuatu
Highest known totals
Precipitation |
Storm |
Location |
Ref. |
Rank |
mm |
in |
1 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Bola 1988 |
Lamap |
[344] |
2 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Dani 1999 |
Bauerfield Airport |
[345] |
3 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Vania 2011 |
Aneityum |
[346] |
4 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Eric 1985 |
Surukavian, Pentecost |
[347] |
5 |
Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
Sarah 1994 |
Santo-Pekoa International Airport |
[348] |
6 |
254.4 |
10.02 |
Ivy 2004 |
Bauerfield Airport |
[349] |
7 |
247.6 |
9.75 |
Anne 1988 |
Santo-Pekoa International Airport |
[348] |
8 |
246.4 |
9.70 |
Nigel 1985 |
Santo-Pekoa International Airport |
[348] |
9 |
223.7 |
8.81 |
Zuman 1998 |
Santo-Pekoa International Airport |
[348] |
10 |
219.3 |
8.63 |
Esau 1992 |
Santo-Pekoa International Airport |
[348] |
Venezuela
A few tropical cyclones have skimmed the northern coast of South America over recent decades. Tropical Storm Bret (1993) dropped 339 millimetres (13.3 in) of rain in ten hours at Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela.[350]
Vietnam
Flooding in Hue, Vietnam triggered by Typhoon Ketsana in 2009
See also
References
- ↑ http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/988_en-2.final.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Bureau of Meteorology. Tropical Cyclones in Queensland. Retrieved on 17 July 2015.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Noel_07" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 31.20 31.21 31.22 31.23 31.24 31.25 31.26 31.27 31.28 31.29 31.30 31.31 31.32 31.33 31.34 31.35 31.36 31.37 31.38 31.39 31.40 31.41 31.42 31.43 31.44 31.45 31.46 31.47 31.48 31.49 31.50 31.51 31.52 31.53 31.54 31.55 31.56 31.57 31.58 31.59 31.60 31.61 31.62 31.63 31.64 31.65 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "PADGETTSEP2004" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "PADGETTSEP2004" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Biological-Diversity.info. Biological Diversity in Belize. Retrieved on February 19, 2007.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Keith" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 Geology. List of Appendices. Retrieved on 2007-04-08.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Daily Rainfall from Kompot, Cambodia in 1997. Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Mekong" defined multiple times with different content
- ↑ Daily Rainfall from Kompong Cham, Cambodia in 1998. Retrieved on 2008-03-14.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Environment Canada. Canadian Hurricane Centre: Impacts of Hurricanes. Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
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<ref>
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tag; name "pmp" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid <ref>
tag; name "pmp" defined multiple times with different content
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<ref>
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