Livno

Livno
Town and municipality
Municipality of Livno Općina Livno
Flag Coat of arms
Map of the Town of Livno
Livno Location of Livno in BiH
Coordinates:
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
County	Canton 10 (Herzeg-Bosnia County)
First mentioning	28 September 892 CE
Government
• Mayor	Luka Čelan (HDZ BiH)
Area
• Municipality	994 km2 (384 sq mi)
Elevation	724 m (2,375 ft)
Population (2013)
• Total	37,487
• Density	38/km2 (100/sq mi)
• Town	9,045
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	80101
Area code	34
Website	livno.ba

Livno (Croatian pronunciation: [lǐːʋno]) is a town and municipality in Canton 10 (Herzeg-Bosnia County) of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in western Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located between Tomislavgrad, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo, Kupres and the Croatian border.

History

The plains of Livno have been populated since approximately 2000 BC. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. The region was inhabited by Illyrian tribe of Dalmatae which capital was Delminium in today's Tomislavgrad. They left remains that testify about their presence in this area. The most important of them are the gradine, remains of Illyrian settlements which were distributed along the Livno Field. The three most important are Velika gradina, Mala gradina and Kasalov gradac.

During the Roman period, the city was known as Pelva. It is assumed that the Slavs arrived to the region in the 7th century. The Illyrian population assimilated into the Slav culture, and eventurally lost their language and customs. Through the next three centuries, they turned to Christianity.

Livno celebrates its founding as being 28 September 892 AD due to it being mentioned in a document of the Croatian Duke Mutimir released at that time. It was the centre of Hlebiana (ή Χλεβίανα) županija (province) of the Kingdom of Croatia, as mentioned in the tenth century work De Administrando Imperio (chapter 30). From 1199 Emeric until 1326 Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, who was a resident of Livno, it was part of the Chelmensis territory. From 1326 until 1463 Livno was part of the Bosnian Kingdom. One of the noble families of the Bosnian Kingdom bought Livno, Duvno, and Kupres (12th to 13th century) then called "Tropolje," (Three Fields).

The beginning of 15th century saw the Ottoman Empire advance, invade, and occupy Bosnia for the next 400 years. Mosque complex in the picture (left) the Hajji Ahmed the Ducat Minter's Mosque (more commonly known as the Glavica ("Head") Mosque, called after the knap above town on which is erected) is one of the most recognizable architectural symbols of Livno. Constructed upon design by Mimar Sinan in 1574. (some date to 1587), it is situated on a hill overlooking old town of livno, the river Bistrica and the spring Duman in the upper section of the old town of Livno. The mosque complex consists of compact main building of the mosque under a dome and uncharacteristically short minaret, with a clock tower which is erected some 100 years later, between 1670.- 1680. but more likely in 1659. and is still in function today, and finally within perimeter is almost 500-year-old necropolis with characteristic early Bosnian Muslim tombstones and later ones.

In 1878 Livno was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From 1918 it was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. In 1929 the kingdom was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and divided into nine banates (banovine). Livno was divided into the Littoral Banovina, with its centre in the city of Split. This division brought Livno politically closer to Croatia. In 1939, the banates were further redrawn so that there was a Croatian banate (Banovina Hrvatska) of which Livno was also part. From 1941-45, Livno was part of the Independent State of Croatia. Croatian writer Ivan Goran Kovačić joined the Partisans where he wrote his epic poem "Jama" ("The Pit"). He finished his poem in Livno. At the end of World War II, Livno was a part of Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, and after its collapse in 1995, a part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Position

Livno is 96 km from Split, 127 km from Mostar, 167 km from Banja Luka and 212 km from Sarajevo.

Demographics

Year	Croats	%	Muslims	%	Serbs	%	others	%	Total	±%	Ref.
1948	29,647	80.86	−	−	4,452	12.14	2,565	7.00	36,664	—
1953	30,603	78.98	−	−	5,204	13.43	2,942	7.59	38,749	+5.7%
1961	31,133	77.27	2,068	5.13	5,503	13.66	1,587	3.94	40,291	+4.0%
1971	31,567	74.83	5,087	12.06	4,791	11.36	741	1.76	42,186	+4.7%
1981	28,918	71.51	4,418	10.93	3,898	9.64	3,204	7.92	40,438	−4.1%
1991	29,324	72.23	5,793	14.27	3,913	9.64	1,570	3.87	40,600	+0.4%
2013	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	37,487	−7.7%

Settlements

Bila • Bilo Polje • Bogdaše • Bojmunte • Čaić • Čaprazlije • Čelebić • Čuklić • Ćosanlije • Dobro • Donji Rujani • Drinova Međa • Držanlije • Golinjevo • Gornji Rujani • Grborezi • Grgurići • Gubin • Komorani • Kovačić • Lipa • Lištani • Livno • Lopatice • Lusnić • Ljubunčić • Mali Guber • Mali Kablići • Miši • Odžak • Orguz • Podgradina • Podgreda • Podhum • Potkraj • Potočani • Potok • Priluka • Prisap • Prolog • Provo • Radanovci • Rapovine • Sajković • Smričani • Srđevići • Strupnić • Suhača • Tribić • Veliki Guber • Veliki Kablići • Vidoši • Vrbica • Vržerala • Zabrišće • Zagoričani • Zastinje • Žabljak • Žirović

Geography

File:Livno Valley.jpg

Livno karst field and mountain Dinara

The territory of the municipality is 994 km² (384 sq mi). Livno is both the cultural and industrial center of the canton. It is the biggest city in the canton and situated 730 meters above sea level. The Bistrica river flows through the city and is itself is 3 km (1.9 mi) long, which means that it is a very small river. Livno is also situated in the Livanjsko field which is the largest field in the entire country. The field is situated between the mountains Dinara and Kamešnica in the south, Tušnica in the east, Cincar in the north and Šator in the west. Livanjsko field is 405 km² (156 sq mi), making it almost half of the Livno municipality.

Climate

Livno has a stable continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. It is situated between big mountains like Cincar and Kamesnica which make the climate more continental than the climate in Mostar and Čapljina for example. The winters in that part of the country are not as cold as in Livno. Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfb" (Marine West Coast Climate/Oceanic climate).

Governance

The main local government of the municipality is Municipal Council of Livno (Bosnian: Općinska skupština; Croatian: Općinsko vijeće; Serbian: Opštinska skupštinacode: sr is deprecated ). Council has 31 members elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. Livno has its municipal mayor who is the highest-ranking officer in the municipal government.

Structure of the Council

party		1997	2000	2004	2008	2012
	Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ)	20	20	16	8	11
	Croatian Democratic Union 1990 (HDZ 1990)	-	-	-	5	6
	People's Party for Work and Betterment (NSRZB)	-	-	3	12	4
	Croatian Party of Rights (HSP)	-	-	1	1	3
	Party of Democratic Action (SDA)	5	3	5	3	3
	Social Democratic Party (SDP)	1	3	2	1	2
	Croatian Peasant Party of Stjepan Radić (HSS SR)	-	-	-	-	1
	Independent	2	-	-	-	1

Sport

The local football club is NK Troglav.

Transport

M16 road, passing through Kupres and Šujica, connects Livno with Croatia and Central Bosnia. M6.1 starts at Bosansko Grahovo, runs through Livno connecting it with Tomislavgrad, Herzegovina and Mostar. Going northwards M15 connects Livno with Glamoč and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Notable people

• Gabrijel Jurkić, artist
• Hasan Brkić, (1913–1965) politician
• Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, Croatian leader and member of the Šubić noble family
• Davor Šuker, retired footballer and 1998 FIFA World Cup Golden Boot
• Vukašin Mrnjavčević, ruler
• Mate Rimac, CEO of Rimac Automobili
• Miroslav Miso Bartulica, famous musician, composer and songwriter, leader and guitarist of the rock band Bolero
• Ivica Propadalo, musician and amateur painter
• Niko Kovac, former footballer and selector of the Croatian national football team
• Robert Kovac, former footballer
• Niko Ceko, former footballer
• Zlatko Dalic, former footballer and International coach
• Mladen Matijanic, former footballer
• Safo Zibin, poet
• Tepo Jahic, actor and philosopher

External links

• Municipality of Livno website (Croatian)
• Livno Online (Croatian)
• Aero Club of Livno (Croatian)
• Tourism Association of Bosnia-Herzegovina site about Livno