Lone Horn

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One Horn
Chief
File:OneHornByGeorgeCaitlin1832.jpg
Painting by George Catlin of the Honorable Chief Ha-wón-je-tah, 1832
Reign 1790–1877
Successor Chief Spotted Elk
Born 1790
Died 1877
Bear Butte
Spouse Sand Bar
Issue Spotted Elk
Father Black Buffalo
Mother White Cow Woman

Lone Horn (Lakota: Heh-won-ge-chat or Ha-wón-je-tah), also called One Horn (1790 –1877), born in present-day South Dakota), was chief of the Minneconjou Lakota.

Lone Horn's sons were Spotted Elk (later known as Big Foot) and Touch the Clouds, and Crazy Horse was his nephew.[1] He participated in the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, which reads "Heh-won-ge-chat, his x mark, One Horn" [2] Old Chief Smoke (1774–1864) was Lone Horn's maternal uncle.

Lone Horn died near Bear Butte in 1877 from old age. After Lone Horn's death, his adopted son Spotted Elk, who eventually became chief of the Minneconjou and was killed along with his people at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890.

George Catlin paints One Horn

In 1832, George Catlin painted One Horn, at Fort Pierre, South Dakota. Back East, Caitlin wrote this description of him:[3]

"[One Horn was] a middle-aged man, of middling stature, with a noble countenance, and a figure almost equaling the Apollo, and I painted his portrait. ... [He] has risen rapidly to the highest honours in the tribe, from his own extraordinary merits, even at so early an age. He told me he took the name of 'One Horn' (or shell) from a simple small shell that was hanging on his neck, which descended to him from his father, and which, he said, he valued more than anything he possessed; affording a striking instance of the living affection which these people often cherish for the dead. ... His costume was a very handsome one, and will have a place in my Indian Gallery by the side of his picture. It is made of elk skins beautifully dressed, and fringed with a profusion of porcupine quills and scalp-locks; and his hair, which is very long and profuse, divided into two parts, and lifted up and crossed, over the top of his head, with a simple tie, giving it somewhat the appearance of a Turkish turban.
"This extraordinary man, before he was raised to the dignity of chief, was the renowned of his tribe for his athletic achievements. In the chase he was foremost; he could run down a buffalo, which he often had done, on his own legs, and drive his arrow to the heart. He was the fleetest in the tribe; and in the races he had run, he had always taken the prize."

Other Lone Horns

A Lakota chief, thought to be Oglala, named Lone Horn or One Horn is recorded in Lakota winter counts. In 1834, he accidentally caused the death of his only son. Consumed by sorrow, he committed suicide by attacking a buffalo bull on foot with only a knife, and was mangled to death.[1] Drury and Clavin's text The Heart of Everything That Is: the Untold Story of Red Cloud states that One Horn's suicide was caused by his grief over the death of his favorite wife: "But when illness took his favorite young wife, so heavy was his grief that in a kind of ritual suicide he attacked a bull buffalo, alone, on foot, with only a knife. The two-horned animal gored The One Horn to death."[4]

See also

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Sundstrom, Linea. "The Thin Elk/Steamboat Winter Count." at the Wayback Machine (archived February 24, 2008) Saint Francis Mission. Archived 24 Feb 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
  2. Fort Laramie Treaty, Creighton.edu
  3. Letters and notes on the manners, customs, and conditions of the North ... By George Catlin, Books.Google.com
  4. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.