Malva Landa

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Malva Landa
File:Malva Landa.jpg
Native name Мальва Ноївна Ланда
Born (1918-08-04)4 August 1918
Odessa, Ukrainian State
(now Ukraine)
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Haifa, Israel
Occupation Human rights activist, geologist

Malva Noyivna Landa[lower-alpha 1] (4 August 1918 – 3 July 2019) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet-Russian dissident, publicist, and geologist. She was the author of multiple articles about human rights, the translator of number of humanitarian essays from English to Russian, and a veteran of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union, being a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group from its founding in 1976.[1] She received the Officer of the Order of the Cross of Vytis (Lithuania, 8 January 2003).[2]

Early life and career

Malva Noyivna Landa was born in Odessa, in what was then the Ukrainian State, amidst World War I and the Russian Civil War. Landa's family was Jewish. Her mother was a high school teacher, and her father was a professor of animal husbandry and a veterinary institute. In the autumn of 1932, her father was imprisoned and tortured in the jail of Stalingrad, and in 1938, he was executed.[3] From 1940 to 1945, she studied at the Moscow Geological Prospecting Sergo Ordzhonikidze Institute (now the Russian State Geological Prospecting University).[4] In the 1950s, she worked as a head of geological surveying party Karatau Expedition MGRI.

Dissident activities

Landa was a founding member of the Moscow Helsinki Group, which campaigned for the Soviet Unions to abide by its human rights commitments under the 1975 Helsinki Accords. She made the statement that the Soviet socialist system may not respect human rights and, accordingly, was not in compliance with the provisions of the Helsinki Accords. She joined the Helsinki Group to more effectively expose the situation of human rights in the Soviet Union. The group was mainly involved in the issue of political prisoners.[5]

On 26 March 1980, Landa was sentenced to five years exile under article 190-1 of the Russian SFSR criminal code, which banned the dissemination of false fabrications defaming the Soviet state and social system. She served time in the village of Dzhezdy, Dzhezkazgan Region in Kazakhstan. She remained in the Helsinki Group and returned from exile in 1984.[1]

Later life and death

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Landa continued to participate in political activities in Russia, particularly criticising the Chechen–Russian conflict and President Vladimir Putin. In March 2010, she signed a petition advocating for Putin's removal from office.[6]

In 2015, aged 97, Landa moved to Israel, where she lived with her son and daughter-in-law in Haifa.[7] She died there on 3 July 2019.[1]

Notes

  1. Russian: Ма́льва Но́евна Ла́нда
    Ukrainian: Ма́льва Но́ївна Ла́нда
    Hebrew: מלבה לנדה

References

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  2. The decree of the President of the Republic of Lithuania of 8 January 2003, No. 2007 Информация на официальном сайте Президента Литвы
  3. Воспоминания о ГУЛАГе
  4. Из воспоминаний Мальвы Ланды
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  6. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. 97-year-old is oldest person to make aliyah this year, Ynetnews, 30 December 2015.

External links