Meleager
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In Greek mythology, Meleager (/ˌmɛliˈeɪɡər/,[1] Greek: Μελέαγρος Meléagros) was a hero venerated in his temenos at Calydon in Aetolia. He was already famed as the host of the Calydonian boar hunt in the epic tradition that was reworked by Homer.[2]
Contents
Mythology
Early life
Meleager was the son of Althaea and the vintner Oeneus and, according to some accounts father of Parthenopeus and Polydora. When Meleager was born, the Moirai (the Fates) predicted he would only live until a brand, burning in the family hearth, was consumed by fire. Overhearing them, Althaea immediately doused and hid the brand .[3]
Atalanta
Oeneus sent Meleager to gather up heroes from all over Greece[4] to hunt the Calydonian Boar that had been terrorizing the area, rooting up the vines, Oeneus having omitted Artemis at a festival in which he honored the other gods. In addition to the heroes he required, he chose Atalanta, a fierce huntress, whom he loved.[5] According to one account of the hunt, when Hylaeus and Rhaecus, two centaurs, tried to rape Atalanta, Meleager killed them. Then Atalanta wounded the boar and Meleager killed it. He awarded her the hide since she had drawn the first drop of blood.
Meleager's brother Toxeus, the "archer",[6] and Plexippus (Althaea's brother) grew enraged that the prize was given to a woman. Meleager killed them in the following argument. He also killed Iphicles and Eurypylus for insulting Atalanta. When Althaea found out that Meleager had killed her brother and one of her sons, Althaea placed the brand that she had stolen from the Fates (the one that the Fates predicted, once engulfed with fire, would kill Meleager) upon the fire, thus fulfilling the prophecy and killing Meleager, her own son. The women who mourned his death were turned into guineafowl (Meleagrides).
Argonaut
Meleager is also mentioned as one of the Argonauts. In Hades, his is the only shade that does not flee Heracles, who has come after Cerberus. In Bacchylides' Ode V, Meleager is still in his shining armor, so formidable, in Bacchylides' account, that Heracles reaches for his bow to defend himself. Heracles is moved to tears by Meleager's account; Meleager has left his sister[7] Deianira unwedded in his father's house, and entreats Heracles to take her as bride;[8] here Bacchylides breaks off his account of the meeting, without noting that in this way Heracles in the Underworld chooses a disastrous wife.
Personal life
Meleager married Cleopatra, daughter of Idas and Marpessa.[9] They had a daughter, Polydora, who became the bride of Protesilaus, who left her bed on their wedding-night to join the expedition to Troy.
Influences
Among the Romans, the heroes assembled by Meleager for the Calydonian hunt provided a theme of multiple nudes in striking action, to be portrayed frieze-like on sarcophagi.
Meleager's story has similarities with the Scandinavian Norna-Gests þáttr.
In Rick Riordan's book series, The Heroes of Olympus, Frank Zhang, Son of Mars, is told by Juno that he will only live as long as a piece of firewood has burnt to ash. This is most likely inspired by Meleager's curse.
- Meleager in art
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Meleager et Atalanta, after Giulio Romano
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Statue of Meleager modeled after Skopas
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Meleager sarcophagus
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Meleager and Atalanta (17th century) by Jacob Jordaens
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Volterra, Italy. Etruscan cinerary urn; Hunt of Maleager, Volterra. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
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Meleager, Scopas' influence. Brooklyn Museum Archives, Goodyear Archival Collection
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Meleager and Atalanta Setting Out to Hunt the Calydonian Boar, tapestry, Walters Art Museum
Notes
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Homer, Iliad IX, 529-99.
- ↑ Hyginus, Fabula 171; pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 1.8.2.
- ↑ pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 1.8.2.
- ↑ Euripides, Frg. 520, noted by Karl Kerenyi, The Heroes of the Greeks, 1959:119 note 673.
- ↑ There were two further brothers, Thyreus, the "porter", and Klymenos, the "famous"—though Meleager is by far the most renowned of the four—and two sisters, Gorge and Deianira (Kerenyi 1959:199 and Genealogical table G, p. 375).
- ↑ Or perhaps his half-sister, if Dionysus is the real father of Deianira, as pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 1.8.1, would have it; Oineos himself, "to judge by his name a double of the wine-god", Kerenyi observes (Kerenyi 1959:199).
- ↑ Scholia on Iliad 21.194, noted by Kerenyi 1959:180 note 103.
- ↑ Kerenyi 1959: Genealogical table F, p. 372.
Sources
 |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Meleager. |
- Bacchylides Fr 5.93
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica I, 190–201.
- Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca I, viii, 1-3.
- Ovid, Metamorphoses VIII, 269–525.
External links
Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
