Michael Foster (physiologist)

For other people named Michael Foster, see Michael Foster (disambiguation).

Sir Michael Foster
Michael Foster
Born	(1836-03-08)8 March 1836 Huntingdon, England
Died	London, England
Nationality	British
Fields	Physiologist
Institutions	University College London University of Cambridge
Alma mater	University College School
Academic advisors	Thomas Henry Huxley William Sharpey
Notable students	John Newport Langley Charles Scott Sherrington
Known for	Textbook of Physiology (1876)
Influenced	Henry Newell Martin Keith Lucas

Sir Michael Foster, KCB, DCL, MD (8 March 1836 – 29 January 1907) was an English physiologist.

Biography

He was born in Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, and educated at University College School, London. After graduating in medicine in 1859, he began to practise in his native town, but in 1867 he returned to London as teacher of practical physiology at University College London, where two years afterwards he became professor. In 1870 he was appointed by Trinity College, Cambridge, to its praelectorship in physiology, and thirteen years later he became the first occupant of the newly created chair of physiology in the university, holding it till 1903. One of his most famous students at Cambridge was Charles Scott Sherrington who went on to win the Nobel Prize in 1932.

Career

Sir Michael Foster by John Collier

He excelled as a teacher and administrator, and had a very large share in the organization and development of the Cambridge biological school. From 1881 to 1903 he was one of the secretaries of the Royal Society, and in that capacity exercised a wide influence on the study of biology in Britain. In the 1899 Birthday Honours, he was created KCB, and served as president of the British Association at its meeting at Dover in September 1899.

In the 1900 general election, he was elected to represent the University of London in parliament. Though returned as a Unionist, his political action was not to be dictated by party considerations, and he gravitated towards Liberalism; but he played no prominent part in parliament and at the election of 1906 was defeated.

He was joint editor with E. Ray Lankester of The Scientific Memoirs of Thomas Henry Huxley. His chief writings were a Textbook of Physiology (1876), which became a standard work, and Lectures on the History of Physiology during the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries (1901), which consisted of lectures delivered at the Cooper Medical College, San Francisco, in 1900. He died suddenly in London.

Foster was also the binomial author of many iris species.

One of many irises he introduced includes Iris lineata Foster ex Regel (or A.Regel), which was originally described and published in Gartenflora (1887), and later cited in Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1888).

Iris fosteriana was named in 1881, after Sir Michael Foster by Dr Aitchison, and found in Pendjeh, Turkmenistan.

Bibliography

• Hawgood, Barbara J (2008). "Sir Michael Foster MD FRS (1836–1907): the rise of the British school of physiology". Journal of Medical Biography. England. 16 (4): 221–6. doi:10.1258/jmb.2008.008009. PMID 18952994.

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica%2FFoster%2C_Sir_Michael "Foster, Sir Michael" ] . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Michael Foster
• History of Physiology during the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Cambridge U. Press. 1901.
• Obituary in The Journal of Physiology
• Photograph of Sir Michael's residence, Nine Wells House, Great Shelford. This house used to have an extensive iris garden planted by Sir Michael, but the iris garden was lost during WW II.
• Sir Michael Foster works @Google Books

Academic offices
Preceded by Thomas Henry Huxley	Fullerian Professor of Physiology 1869–1872	Succeeded by William Rutherford
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir John Lubbock	Member of Parliament for London University 1900–1906	Succeeded by Sir Philip Magnus