Mithridates II of Commagene

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Mithridates II
Tumulus of Karakus 11.jpg
Relief of Mithridates II and his sister Laodice at the Tumulus of Karakuş, Turkey
King of Commagene
Reign 38 BC – 20 BC
(18 years)
Predecessor Antiochus I Theos
Successor Mithridates III
Died 20 BC
Rome, Roman Empire
Spouse Laodice
Issue Mithridates III of Commagene
Full name
Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites
House Orontid Dynasty
Father King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene
Mother Princess Isias Philostorgos of Cappadocia

Mithridates II Antiochus Epiphanes Philorhomaeus Philhellen Monocrites (Greek: Μιθριδάτης Ἀντίοχος ὀ Ἐπιφανής Φιλορωμαίος Φιλέλλην Μονοκρίτης, died 20 BC), also known as Mithridates II of Commagene, was a man of Armenian[1] and Greek descent who lived in the 1st century BC. He was a prince of Commagene and one of the sons of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene and Queen Isias Philostorgos of Commagene. When his father died in 38 BC, he succeeded his father and reigned until his death.

According to Plutarch, he was an ally of the Roman triumvir Mark Antony. He also married off his daughter to the Parthian king Orodes II.[2] In 31 BC, Mithridates personally led his forces to Actium in Greece in support of Antony in the war against Caesar Octavian, the future Roman emperor Augustus.[3] After the defeat of Antony, however, Mithridates became a loyal ally to Augustus. Nevertheless, Augustus forced Mithridates to hand over a village in Commagene called Zeugma, which was a major crossing point of the Euphrates River, to the Roman province of Syria. To show his support for Augustus, Mithridates dropped the title Philhellen ("friend of the Greeks") from his Aulic titulature and adopted the title Philorhomaeus ("friend of the Romans") instead. Both titles were derived from the Commagenean royal cult that Mithridates' father had founded, and in which Mithridates played an important role. His other title Monocrites is an otherwise unattested title and was most likely a judicial function within the royal administration and a sign of his high social standing.

Mithridates had a brother, Antiochus II of Commagene, who was also a prince of the kingdom.[4][5] In 29 BC, Antiochus was summoned to Rome and executed by Roman emperor Augustus, because Antiochus had caused the assassination of an ambassador whom Mithridates had sent to Rome.[4]

According to an inscription on a funerary altar of a local wealthy leading family, found in the Turkish village of Sofraz and dating to around the mid-1st century, the wife of Mithridates was a Greek woman called Laodice. The altar inscribes the names of seven generations of family members, including the names of Mithridates, of his father and of his wife. When Mithridates died in 20 BC, his son by Laodice, Mithridates III of Commagene, succeeded him.[5]

Ancestry

Family of Mithridates II of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. King Ptolemaeus of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. King Sames II Theosebes Dikaios of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. King Mithridates I Callinicus of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Princess Pythodoris of Pontus
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. King Demetrius II Nicator of the Seleucid Empire
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. King Antiochus VIII Grypus of the Seleucid Empire
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Princess Cleopatra Thea of Egypt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Princess Laodice VII Thea of the Seleucid Empire
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Ptolemy VIII Physcon of Egypt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Princess Tryphaena of Egypt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Cleopatra III of Egypt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Mithridates II of Commagene
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. King Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Princess Isias Philostorgos of Cappadocia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Athenais Philostorgos I
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

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