Monschau

Monschau
Slate-roofs of Monschau town centre and castle. The castle's courtyard in preparation for Monschau Open Air Klassik music festival Slate-roofs of Monschau town centre and castle. The castle's courtyard in preparation for Monschau Open Air Klassik music festival
Coat of arms
Monschau
Location of Monschau within Aachen district 250px
Coordinates:
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Köln
District	Aachen
Government
• Mayor	Magga Ritter (CDU)
Area
• Total	94.620312003 km2 (36.533106706 sq mi)
Population (2013-12-31)
• Total	11,866
• Density	130/km2 (320/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	52156
Dialling codes	02472
Vehicle registration	AC / MON
Website	www.monschau.de

Monschau (French: Montjoie, Walloon: Mondjoye) is a small resort town in the Eifel region of western Germany, located in the district Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

Geography

The town is located in the hills of the North Eifel, within the Hohes Venn – Eifel Nature Park in the narrow valley of the Rur river.

The historic town center has many preserved half-timbered houses and narrow streets have remained nearly unchanged for 300 years, making the town a popular tourist attraction nowadays. An open-air, classical music festival is staged annually at Burg Monschau. Historically, the main industry of the town was cloth-mills.

History

History of Monschau (Montjoie)

view • discuss • 

1100 —

–

1200 —

–

1300 —

–

1400 —

–

1500 —

–

1600 —

–

1700 —

–

1800 —

–

1900 —

–

2000 —

1198 - First written evidence of Monschau

1433 - Became the seat of the dukes of Jülich.

1543 - Besieged by Charles V

1609 - Became part of Palatinate-Neuburg.

1795 - Captured by the French

1815 - Became part of Prussia

1918 - Renamed "Monschau".

1972 - Town was enlarged

On the heights above the city is Monschau castle, which dates back to the 13th century — the first mention of Monschau was made in 1198. Beginning in 1433, the castle was used as a seat of the dukes of Jülich. In 1543, Emperor Charles V besieged it as part of the Geldern Feud, captured it and plundered the town. However, the castle stayed with Jülich until 1609, when it became part of Palatinate-Neuburg.

In 1795, the French captured the area and, under the name Montjoie, made it the capital of a canton of the Roer département. After the area became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, Monschau became the district capital of the Kreis Montjoie.

During World War I, some people argued that Monschau (or "Montjoie" as it was then still called) should be annexed to Belgium since they believed it historically to be a Walloon area that had been Germanized by the Prussians.

In 1918, William II, German Emperor, changed the name to Monschau. In 1972, the town was enlarged with the previous independent municipalities of Höfen, Imgenbroich, Kalterherberg, Konzen, Mützenich and Rohren. Mützenich, to the west of the town center, is an exclave of German territory surrounded by Belgium. It is separated from Germany by the Vennbahn railway line, which was assigned to Belgium by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.

During World War II the town of Monschau, sitting on a vital road network, was a point of great tactical importance in the opening phase of the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 as the northernmost point of the battlefront.

Notable residents

• Mario Theissen (1952), former BMW Motorsport Director.
• Karl Wilhelm Scheibler (1820–1881), industrialist.
• Elwin Bruno Christoffel (1829–1900), physicist and mathematician.

Gallery

• 0 Monschau - La Rur et le centre historique (1).JPG

  Historic center of Monschau at the Rur

• 0 Monschau - Eschbachstraße.JPG

  Street in Monschau

• Monschau, straatzicht7 foto1 2011-03-23 13.17.JPG

  Another street in Monschau

• Monschau, kerk op plein foto4 2011-03-23 13.29.JPG

  Church on a square

• 0 Monschau - Burg (1).JPG

  Eastern walls of the castle of the Dukes of Jülich (13th century).

• MonschauKircheOhneTurm.JPG

  Protestant Church in Monschau with the tower removed

External links

• Monschau travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official site (German) (English)
• Official site of Monschau Music Festival (German)
• Official site for the borough of Höfen (German)