Moritz Geiger

Moritz Geiger (Frankfurt, 26 June 1880 – Seal Harbor, Maine, 9 September 1937) was a German philosopher and a disciple of Edmund Husserl. He was a member of the Munich phenomenological school. Beside phenomenology, he dedicated himself to psychology, epistemology and aesthetics.

Life

Moritz Geiger studied law at the University of Munich in 1898, then history of literature in 1899, and finally philosophy and psychology in 1900, with Theodor Lipps. During the years 1901-1902, he studied experimental psychology with Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. Returning to Munich in 1904, he became part of the circle of students around Lipps, which included Alexander Pfänder, Adolf Reinach, Theodor Conrad, Aloys Fischer, Max Scheler, and Dietrich von Hildebrand. In 1906, Geiger attended Husserl's lectures in Göttingen, and became part of the Munich Circle of phenomenology, along with Reinach, Conrad, Fischer and Pfänder. He passed his thesis in 1907. Along with this Husserlian circle (including Max Scheler), he published the review Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung.

In 1915, he became a teacher at Munich and, after World War I, at Göttingen (1923). When the Nazis had him dismissed from his chair because of his Jewish ancestry in 1933, he emigrated to the United States, teaching at Vassar College in New York and at Stanford University.

Several of his students became famous, such as Klaus Berger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Walter Benjamin and Karl Löwith.

Theoretical contributions

Moritz Geiger was the sustainer of a sui generis phenomenological method of “pure self-given factuality”, without limitation by sensual-visible or idealistic prejudices, without basing the reality on a lower, not-given sphere. In his phenomenology every given fact values equally, independent from whether it is sensual or not. He is also famous for being the founder of aesthetic phenomenology deeply but freely influenced by Husserl.

A less known but very important contribution is in the clarification of the psychological concept of empathy. In a lecture on the essence and meaning of empathy presented at the 4th Congress for experimental psychology in Innsbruck (Austria), Geiger fully describes the different concepts of empathy available in the whole wide panorama of his time. The range of the discussed conceptualizations is wide, from aesthetics to evolutionary theory, from the phenomenal fact of “foreign expressive movements” and “foreign personalities” across the – deeply romantically influenced – treatment of the “animation of subhuman entities”, to end with the aesthetical aspects of empathy.

Works

• "Bemerkungen zur Psychologie der Gefühlselemente und Gefühlsverbindungen". In: Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie (1904), pp. 233–88.
• "Methodologische und experimentelle Beiträge zur Quantitätslehre". In: Theodor Lipps (ed.), Psychologische Untersuchungen. I (1907), pp. 325–522.
• "Zum Problem der Stimmungseinfühlung". In: Zeitschrift für Ästhetik. 6 (1911), pp. 1–42.
• "Das Bewußtsein von Gefühlen". In: Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1911), pp. 125–62.
• "Beiträge zur Phänomenologie des ästhetischen Genusses". In: Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung. 1 (1913), pp. 567–684.
• "Das Unbewusste und die psychische Realität". In: Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung. 4 (1921), pp. 1–138.
• Die philosophische Bedeutung der Relativitätstheorie (1921).
• Systematische Axiomatik der Euklidischen Geometrie (1924).
• "The Philosophical Attitudes and the Problems of Essence and Subsistence". In: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Philosophy (1927), pp. 272–78.
• Zugänge zur Ästhetik. Der Neue Geist Verlag (1928).
• Die Wirklichkeit der Wissenschaften und die Metaphysik (1930).
• "Alexander Pfänders methodische Stellung". In: Neue Münchener Philosophische Abhandlungen (1930), pp. 1–16.
• Die Bedeutung der Kunst. Zugänge zu einer materialen Wertästhetik. Gesammelte, aus dem Nachlass ergänzte Schriften. Klaus Berger and Wolfhart Henckmann, eds. (1976).