Nantwich

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Nantwich
240px
High Street
Nantwich is located in Cheshire
Nantwich
Nantwich
 Nantwich shown within Cheshire
Population 17,424 (2011)
OS grid reference SJ652523
Civil parish Nantwich
Unitary authority Cheshire East
Ceremonial county Cheshire
Region North West
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town NANTWICH
Postcode district CW5
Dialling code 01270
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK Parliament Crewe and Nantwich
List of places
UK
England
Cheshire

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Nantwich is a market town and civil parish in the Borough of Cheshire East and the county of Cheshire, England. In 2011 Nantwich had a population of 17,424.[1]

History

The origins of the settlement date to Roman times,[2] when salt from Nantwich was used by the Roman garrisons at Chester (Deva Victrix) and Stoke-on-Trent as both a preservative and a condiment. Salt has been used in the production of Cheshire cheese and in the tanning industry, both products of the dairy industry based in the Cheshire Plain around the town. "Nant" comes from the Welsh for brook or stream. Wich and wych are names used to denote brine springs or wells. In 1194 there is a reference to the town as being called Nametwihc, which would indicate it was once the site of a pre-Roman Celtic nemeton or sacred grove.[3]

In the Domesday Book, Nantwich is recorded as having eight salt houses. It had a castle and was the capital of a barony of the earls of Chester, and of one of the seven hundreds of medieval Cheshire. Nantwich is one of the few places in Cheshire to be marked on the Gough Map, which dates from 1355–66.[4] It was first recorded as an urban area at the time of the Norman conquest, when the Normans burned the town to the ground[5] leaving only one building standing.

The town is believed to have been a salt-producing centre from the 10th century or earlier.[6] The Norman castle was built at the crossing of the Weaver before 1180, probably near where the Crown Inn now stands. Although nothing remains of the castle above ground, it affected the town's layout.[7][8] During the medieval period, Nantwich was the most important salt town and probably the second most important settlement in the county after Chester.[9][10] By the 14th century, the town held a weekly cattle market at the end of what is today is Beam Street, and it was also important for its tanning industry centred on Barker Street.[11]

Churche's Mansion, one of the few buildings in Nantwich to survive the fire of 1583

A fire in December 1583 destroyed most of the town to the east of the Weaver.[12][13] Elizabeth I contributed financially to the town's rebuilding, which occurred rapidly and followed the plan of the destroyed town.[14] Beam Street was so renamed to reflect the fact that timber (including wood from Delamere Forest) to rebuild the town was transported along it. A plaque marking the 400th anniversary of the fire and of Nantwich's rebuilding was unveiled by the Duke of Gloucester on 20 September 1984.[15]

During the English Civil War Nantwich declared for Parliament, and consequently it was besieged several times by Royalist forces. The final, six-week-long, siege was lifted following the victory of the Parliamentary forces in the Battle of Nantwich on 26 January 1644, which has been re-enacted as Holly Holy Day on its anniversary every year since 1973 by the Sealed Knot, an educational charity. The name comes from the sprigs of holly worn by the townsfolk in their caps or clothing in the years after the battle, in its commemoration.[16]

The salt industry peaked in the mid-16th century, with around 400 salt houses in 1530, and had almost died out by the end of the 18th century; the last salt house closed in the mid-19th century.[17][18][19] Nikolaus Pevsner considers the decline in the salt industry to have been the critical factor in preserving the town's historic buildings.[17] The last tannery closed in 1974. The town's location on the London to Chester road meant that Nantwich began to serve the needs of travellers in medieval times.[9][20] This trade declined in the 19th century, however, with the opening of Telford's road from London to Holyhead, which offered a faster route to Wales, and later when the Grand Junction Railway bypassed the town.[18]

Governance

The Borough Council of Crewe and Nantwich was abolished on 1 April 2009; the civil parish is now administered by the new unitary authority of Cheshire East.[21] Nantwich falls in the parliamentary constituency of Crewe and Nantwich,[22]

Places of interest

Nantwich, outside Chester, has the largest collection of historic buildings in the county.[23] The listed buildings are clustered mainly in the town centre on Barker Street, Beam Street, Churchyard Side, High Street and Hospital Street, and extending across the Weaver on Welsh Row. The majority are located within the 38 hectares (94 acres) of conservation area, which broadly follows the boundaries of the late medieval and early post-medieval town.[10][24]

The oldest listed building is St Mary's Church, which dates from the 14th century and is listed Grade I. Two other listed buildings are known to pre-date the fire of 1583: Sweetbriar Hall and the Grade I listed Churche's Mansion, both timber-framedElizabethan mansion houses. A few years after the fire, William Camden described Nantwich as the "best built town in the county",[25] and particularly fine examples of timber-framed buildings constructed during the town's rebuilding include 46 High Street and the Grade I listed Crown coaching inn. Many half-timbered buildings, such as 140–142 Hospital Street, have been concealed behind brick or rendering. The town contains many Georgian town houses. Good examples include Dysart Buildings, 9 Mill Street, Townwell House and 83 Welsh Row. Several examples of Victorian corporate architecture are listed, including the former District Bank by Alfred Waterhouse. The most recent listed building is 1–5 Pillory Street, a curved corner block in 17th-century French style which dates from 1911. The majority of the town's listed buildings were originally residential, but churches, chapels, public houses, schools, banks, almshouses and workhouses are also represented. Unusual listed structures include a mounting block, twelve cast-iron bollards, a stone gateway, two garden walls and a summerhouse.

Dorfold Hall is a Grade I listed Jacobean mansion in the nearby village of Acton[26] and was considered by Pevsner to be one of the two finest Jacobean houses in Cheshire.[27] Nantwich Show, including the International Cheese Awards, takes place in the hall's grounds each summer.

Nantwich Museum is in Pillory Street. It has galleries on the history of the town, including Roman salt making, Tudor Nantwich's Great Fire, the Civil War Battle of Nantwich (1644) and the more recent shoe and clothing industries. There is also a section devoted to the local cheese-making industry. Hack Green Secret Nuclear Bunker, a few miles outside the town, is a formerly government-owned nuclear bunker, now a museum. Also in Pillory Street is the 82-seat Nantwich Players Theatre, which puts on about five plays a year.[28]

The name of Jan Palach Avenue in the south of the town commemorates the self-immolation of a student in Czechoslovakia in 1969.

Geography and transport

Nantwich is on the Cheshire Plain, on the banks of the River Weaver. The Shropshire Union Canal runs to the west of the town on an embankment, crossing the A534 via an iron aqueduct. The basin is a popular mooring for visitors to the town. It joins the Llangollen Canal at Hurleston to the north. The town is approximately four miles south-west of Crewe and 20 miles south-east of Chester. There is a major road junction in the town, being the meeting point of the A51, A500, A529, A530 and A534 roads. The stretch of the A534 from Nantwich to the Welsh border is regarded as one of the ten worst stretches of road in England for road safety.[29]

Nantwich railway station is on the line from Crewe to Whitchurch, Shrewsbury and other towns along the Welsh border. The station is currently served mainly by stopping trains between Crewe and Shrewsbury.

GHA Coaches now operate the majority of local bus routes, with funding from Cheshire East council. Arriva, D&G Bus and a few smaller companies also operate routes in and around Nantwich.

Education

The town has seven primary schools – Highfields Community, Millfields, Pear Tree, St Anne's (Catholic), Stapeley Broad Lane (Church of England), The Weaver and The Wyche, two secondary schools Brine Leas School and Malbank School and Sixth Form College, as well as Reaseheath College which runs both Further Education and Higher Education courses (in conjunction with Harper Adams University and the University of Chester). A new Sixth Form Colleg at Brine Leas opened in September 2010.

In 2012, supporting the London 2012 Olympic Games, Malbank School and Sixth Form College was nominated to represent the North West.

Sport

The Weaver Stadium

The town's football club, Nantwich Town F.C., won the 2006 FA Vase. The club plays at the Weaver Stadium.[citation needed]

Rugby union is played at Crewe and Nantwich RUFC, founded in 1922. The club is based at Vagrants Sports Club on Newcastle Road, Willaston and runs four senior teams; the first XV play in the Midlands 1 West (Level 6). The club, which holds Club Mark and RFU Seal of Approval accreditations, has an active mini and junior section with over 250 young people aged 5–18 taking part every Sunday. The rugby football club Acton Nomads RFC, was founded in 2009 and won the 2010 RFU Presidents XV "This is Rugby" Award.[30][31] It operates two senior sides, and is recognised by the RFU and Cheshire RFU.

In rugby league, Crewe & Nantwich Steamers play at the Barony Park, Nantwich, which is also the home ground for Acton Nomads RFC. The Steamers and the Nomads share a clubhouse at the Red Lion Hotel in Barony Road, Nantwich.[citation needed]

The town's cricket club, in Whitehouse Lane, won the ECB-accredited Cheshire County Premier League Title in 2010, 2011 and 2012, and regularly host Cheshire Minor County cricket matches. In 2012, the under-13s team finished 3rd out of 1800 entries in the ECB National Championship.[citation needed]

Media

The daily Sentinel, the weekly Nantwich Chronicle, and the Crewe and Nantwich Guardian, and the monthly Dabber[32] newspapers all cover the town.

Radio stations covering the Nantwich area include BBC Radio Stoke, Silk 106.9 from Macclesfield, Signal 1 and Signal 2 from Stoke-on-Trent, Crewe-based The Cat 107.9 community radio, and Nantwich-based online radio and networking organisation RedShift Radio.

The Nantwich News is a Hyperlocal blog covering local events and issues. The inNantwich website promotes and lists Nantwich information including shops, businesses, schools, wifi spots, car parking and toilets.

International Cheese Awards

The annual International Cheese Awards are held in Nantwich as a part of Nantwich Show, an agricultural show which is held at the Dorfold Hall estate in July each year. The marquee used to hold the awards is some 83,000 square feet and the awards hold the current world record of 4,425 different cheese entries from some 26 different countries across the globe. Each year the awards are hosted by celebrity chef James Martin who is joined by other celebrity chefs over the course of the two-day awards.[33][34]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  2. Cheshire Historic Towns Survey Nantwich Retrieved 24 December 2015.
  3. E.Ekwall, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place-Names (Oxford) 1936:320 col. a.
  4. The Gough Map (interactive version) (accessed 21 April 2008)
  5. Holly Holy Day Society website
  6. Lake, 1983, p. 1
  7. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. Phillips & Phillips, eds, 2002, p. 32.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Hewitt, 1967, p. 67
  10. 10.0 10.1 Borough of Crewe & Nantwich: Nantwich Conservation Area: Conservation Area Character Appraisal and Review (January 2006).
  11. Lake, 1983, pp. 3, 30
  12. Lake, 1983, p. 67.
  13. Beck, pp. 34–35 and 75–76.
  14. Lake, 1983, pp. 76 and 91.
  15. Photo: Great Fire of Nantwich – plaque. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  16. Battle of Nantwich... and Holly Holy Day, Nantwich Museum, UK.
  17. 17.0 17.1 Pevsner & Hubbard, 1971, p. 12.
  18. 18.0 18.1 Lake, 1983, pp. 131–32.
  19. Phillips & Phillips, eds, 2002, p. 66.
  20. Lake, 1983, pp. 30–31 and 35.
  21. Cheshire (Structural Changes) Order 2008
  22. Cheshire County Council: Interactive Mapping: Crewe and Nantwich (accessed 27 January 2009)
  23. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. Borough of Crewe & Nantwich: Replacement Local Plan 2011: Insets: Nantwich Town Centre, Acton, Aston, Audlem, Bridgemere School, Buerton, Hankelow, Marbury, Sound School, Worleston School, Wrenbury [1], 4 June 2010)
  25. Hall, 1883, p. 255.
  26. Images of England: Dorfold Hall Accessed 21 February 2008.
  27. Pevsner, p. 22
  28. About Us, Nantwich Players Accessed 17 November 2010.
  29. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. http://www.cheshirerfu.co.uk/SinglePosting.php?ArticleID=1080
  31. http://www.rfu.com/ManagingRugby/ClubDevelopment/Volunteers/Recognition/PresidentsXV/CategoriesPrevWinners/ThisIsRugbyPW.aspx
  32. The Dabber
  33. International Cheese Awards Website
  34. Nantwich Show Official Website
  35. ODNB: Marja Smolenaars, "Gerard, John (c.1545–1612)" Retrieved 22 April 2014.
  36. Nantwich Museum: James Hall (accessed 3 April 2013)
  37. Sutton CW (revd Skedd SJ). 'Partridge, Joseph (1724–1796)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press; 2004) (accessed 4 April 2013)

Bibliography

External links