Pierre Lhande
| Pierre Lhande Heguy | |
|---|---|
Pierre Lhande in 1928
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| Born | 9 July 1877 Bayonne, Labourd, France |
| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Tardets, Soule, France |
| Occupation | Priest, writer |
| Notable works | Dictionnaire basque-français • L'emigration basque • Le Pays basque à vol d'oiseau • Mirentchu |
Pierre Lhande Heguy SJ (Basque: Pierre Allande Hegi; 9 July 1877 – 17 April 1957) was a French Roman Catholic priest and writer, scholar of Basque and French languages, apostle of the banlieues and best known for the success of his "radio-sermons", a great novelty in the 1930s.
Contents
Biography
He was born at 8 Argenterie street, Bayonne, the son of Jean-Pierre Bassagaitz, a hardware merchant, and Pauline Héguy.[lower-alpha 1] His mother Pauline, born in Montevideo (Uruguay), was the daughter of Valentin Héguy and Stéphanie de Berterèche from Menditte. A strong Basque personality, Lhande studied at the minor and major seminaries of his home town before joining the Society of Jesus on September 6, 1900. Ten years later, on August 28, 1910, he was ordained a priest in Enghien (Belgium), on completion of his theological studies.
After a few years as a teacher in secondary schools around Toulouse, he taught Basque language and literature at the Catholic Institute of Toulouse (1920–1924). In 1922, he was expelled from Spain for his critical attitude towards the Spanish government's actions towards the Basque people. In 1924, he moved to Paris as one of the main contributors of the magazine Étvdes (1924–1939). Overworked, he was transferred to Pau in 1939, where he continued to work in several ministries.
A member of the Royal Academy of the Basque Language, he published a Basque-French dictionary in 1926, the first volume of a work whose planned second volume, French-Basque, remained unpublished. This work specifically takes into account the Northern Basque dialects: Labourdin, Lower Navarrese and Souletin.
During his years in Paris (1924–1939), he criss-crossed the banlieues and published numerous articles in the journal Étvdes on the difficulties of Christian life in the Red Belt of Paris.[1] The articles were collected in three volumes under the overall title Le Christ dans la banlieue: enquête sur la vie religieuse dans les milieux ouvriers de la banlieue de Paris (1927–1931). These articles, and the book itself, help French Catholics to understand the gulf that had gradually opened up between the Catholic Church and the working-class world.
In 1931, Cardinal Verdier, Archbishop of Paris, created the Œuvre des Chantiers du Cardinal to try to alleviate the lack of churches in the Paris slum-suburbs. The association's periodical took its title from Father Lhande's book, Le Christ dans la banlieue (Christ in the Suburbs).[lower-alpha 2]
Father Lhande made a name for himself with a brand new form of preaching: radio sermons. He was a pioneer of radio preaching. On January 2, 1927, he inaugurated the first Catholic broadcast. In the form of talks, 20-minute radio-sermons were broadcast every Sunday at 12:00 on Radio Paris. On January 1, 1934, with the nationalization of Radio Paris, Laurent Eynac, Minister of PTT, cancelled Father Lhande's program in accordance with the principle of separation of Church and State. On April 8, 1934, in response to widespread protests against the suppression of the program, André Mallarmé, the new Minister of PTT, reinstated the radio sermons.
Apostolically very creative, Pierre Lhande also wrote novels and reports on the Maduré and Madagascar missions, where French Jesuits were involved.
He died in Tardets-Sorholus at the age of 79.
See also
In popular culture
- In 1941, Robert Péguy directed a French film entitled Notre-Dame de la Mouise (an adaptation of Le Christ dans la banlieue[3]), starring Édouard Delmont, Odette Joyeux and François Rozet.
- In 1956, Roland Quignon, Aloysius Vachet and Paul Vandenberghe made a French film entitled Les Mains liées, (an adaptation of the novel Mon petit prêtre. Récit d'une mère) starring Nadine Alari, Paul Vandenberghe and Jean Brochard.
Works
- "L'émigration basque", Revista Internacional de Estudios Vascos, Vol. I (1907), pp. 609–16; Vol. II (1908), pp. 95–103, 238–49, 438–55; Vol. III (1909), pp. 79–100; published in book form in 1925.[lower-alpha 3]
- Autour d'un foyer basque, récits et idées (1908)
- Luis (1912; novel; 21 re-editions)
- Mirentchu (1914; novel; 24 re-editions)
- Gure orma zaarra (1915)
- Trois prêtres soldats (1918)
- Notre sœur latine d'Espagne. Études morales et politiques (1919)
- Les Mouettes (1920)
- Yolanda. Roman de meurs basques (1921; novel)
- Un maître humaniste, le Père Longhaye (1923; awarded the Montyon Prize (1924) by the French Academy)[5]
- Les Lauriers coupés (1924; novel)
- "Le Pays basque et sa littérature", Bulletin de l'Université et de l'Académie de Toulouse (1925; free course taught in the Faculty of Letters)
- Le pays basque à vol d'oiseau (1925)
- Bilbilis (1926)
- Dictionnaire basque-français et français-basque (dialectes labourdin, bas-navarrais et souletin) (1926)
- Le Christ dans la banlieue: enquête sur la vie religieuse dans les milieux ouvriers de la banlieue de Paris (1927–1931; 135 re-editions; awarded the Prix Juteau-Duvigneaux (1928) and the Montyon Prize (1932) by the French Academy)[5]
- Mon petit prêtre. Récit d'une mère (1928; 43 re-editions)
- La France rayonnante. Argentine, Chili, Uruguay (1931)
- Madagascar (1832-1932): Notre Épopée Missionnaire (1932)
- Le moulin d'Hernani. Récit de Navarre et du Pays basque (1936)
Notes
Footnotes
- ↑ The name seems to be the result of an error; his father's name was Bassagaitz, but the documentation shows the name of his grandfather Allande from Atharratze (Tardets), and later it was changed to Lhande.
- ↑ This book was translated into German by Abbé Franz Stock.[2]
- ↑ Basque Emigration was the cause of a brief polemic between Lhande and Pío Baroja, owing to the latter use of the priest research in the pages of his novella The Restlessness of Shanti Andía (1911).[4]
Citations
- ↑ Stovall, Tyler (1989). "French Communism and Suburban Development: The Rise of the Paris Red Belt," Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. XXIV, No. 3, pp. 437–60.
- ↑ Closset, René (1998). Franz Stock, aumônier de l'enfer. Paris: Fayard.
- ↑ Reader, Keith (2021). "The Banlieue in French Cinema of the 1930s." In: Across Texts: Essays on Different Forms of French Textuality. Cambridge: Legenda, pp. 68–77.
- ↑ Elizalde, Ignacio (1975). Personajes y temas barojianos. Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, pp. 128–29.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Pierre Lhande," Académie française.
References
- Hilaire, Yves-Marie (2000). "La Sociologie Religieuse du Catholicisme Français au Vingtième Siècle." In: Kay Chadwick, ed., Catholicism, Politics and Society in Twentieth-Century France. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, pp. 244–59.
- Moret, Jeanne (1964). Le Père Lhande, pionnier du Christ dans la banlieue et à la radio. Paris: Beauchesne.
- Powers, Douglas (1932). "Among the Poor," The Commonweal, Vol. XVI, No. 5, p. 134.
- Stovall, Tyler (1990). The Rise of the Paris Red Belt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
External links
- Works by Pierre Lhande at Gallica
- Works by Pierre Lhande at Persée
- Pierre Lhande at the Internet Movie Database
- Use dmy dates from March 2014
- Articles containing Basque-language text
- 1877 births
- 1957 deaths
- 20th-century French Jesuits
- 20th-century French male writers
- 20th-century French novelists
- 20th-century Roman Catholic priests
- Basque culture
- Basque-language scholars
- Basque-language writers
- Catholic University of Toulouse faculty
- Censorship in France
- Études (journal) people
- French-Basque people
- French lexicographers
- French radio personalities
- French Roman Catholic writers
- Montyon Prize laureates
- People from Bayonne
