Demography of England

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Error creating thumbnail: File with dimensions greater than 25 MP
Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census
The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England, colour-coded to show population. (Due to the small size of the City of London density is displayed as part of the overall Greater London area)

The demography of England has since 1801 been measured by the decennial national census, and is marked by centuries of population growth and urbanisation. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably.

Population

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The population at the time of the 2011 census was 53,012,456

  • Male: 26,069,148
  • Female: 26,943,308
  • Total: 53,012,456[1]

Historical population

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Population 5000–100BC
Year Pop. ±%
50000BC below 6000 —    
30000BC 100,000 —    
18000BC 300,000 +200.0%
01000BC 1,500,000 +400.0%
Source: [3]
Population 1100–1751
Year Pop. ±%
1100 3,250,000 —    
1350 3,000,000 −7.7%
1541 2,774,000 −7.5%
1601 4,110,000 +48.2%
1651 5,228,000 +27.2%
1700 5,058,000 −3.3%
1751 5,772,000 +14.1%
Source: Year(s) 1100[4] 1350[5]
00000000000001541 – 1751[6]
Population 1801–2011
Year Pop. ±%
1801 7,754,875 —    
1811 8,762,178 +13.0%
1821 10,402,143 +18.7%
1831 12,011,830 +15.5%
1841 13,654,914 +13.7%
1851 15,288,885 +12.0%
1861 18,325,052 +19.9%
1871 21,361,235 +16.6%
1881 24,397,385 +14.2%
1891 27,231,229 +11.6%
1901 30,072,180 +10.4%
1911 33,561,235 +11.6%
1921 35,230,225 +5.0%
1931 37,359,045 +6.0%
1941 38,084,321 +1.9%
1951 38,668,830 +1.5%
1961 41,159,213 +6.4%
1971 43,460,525 +5.6%
1981 45,978,080 +5.8%
1991 48,197,672 +4.8%
2001 49,138,831 +2.0%
2011 53,012,456 +7.9%
Source: Year(s) 1801–2011[6][7][8][9]

Place of birth

Places of birth given by respondents to the 2001 and 2011 censuses were as follows:

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Map showing the percentage of the population born outside England according to the 2011 census.
Country of birth 2001[10] 2011[11]
Number % Number %
 England 42,968,596 87.44% 44,246,592 83.46%
 Scotland 794,577 1.62% 708,872 1.34%
 Wales 609,711 1.24% 506,619 0.96%
 Northern Ireland 215,124 0.44% 206,735 0.39%
 United Kingdom UK not otherwise specified 6,499 0.01%
 Ireland 459,662 0.94% 395,182 0.75%
 EU Other EU Member Countries 695,045 1.41%
 EU Other EU Member Countries (joined pre 2001) 894,908 1.69%
 EU Other EU Member Countries (joined post 2001) 1,085,351 2.04%
 UN Other Countries 3,396,116 6.91% 4,961,698 9.36%
Total 49,138,831 100.00% 53,012,456 100.00%

Age

The data below is based on the 2011 census.[12] In 2001, the mean age of England's population was 38.60, and the median age was 37.00.

Population pyramid for England as at the 2011 census.
Ages attained
(years)
Population  % of total
population
 % per year
of age band
0–4 3,318,449 6.26 1.25
5–9 2,972,632 5.61 1.12
10–14 3,080,929 5.81 1.16
15–19 3,340,265 6.30 1.26
20–24 3,595,321 6.78 1.36
25–29 3,650,881 6.89 1.38
30–34 3,509,221 6.62 1.32
35–39 3,549,116 6.69 1.34
40–44 3,885,934 7.33 1.47
45–49 3,879,815 7.32 1.46
50–54 3,400,095 6.41 1.28
55–59 2,996,992 5.65 1.13
60–64 3,172,277 5.98 1.20
65–69 2,508,154 4.73 0.95
70–74 2,044,129 3.86 0.77
75–79 1,669,345 3.15 0.63
80–84 1,258,773 2.37 0.47
85–89 776,311 1.46 0.29
90+ 403,817 0.76

Life expectancy at birth[13]

  • January 2001 – December 2003
    • Males: 76.24 years
    • Females: 80.72 years
  • January 2002 – December 2004
    • Males: 76.55 years
    • Females: 80.91 years
  • January 2003 – December 2005
    • Males: 76.92 years
    • Females: 81.14 years

Ethnicity

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The 2001 and 2011 censuses recorded the following ethnic groups:

Ethnic group 2001
population
2001
%
2011
population
2011
%
White: British 42,747,136 87.0 42,279,236 79.8
White: Irish 624,115 1.3 517,001 1.0
White: Irish Traveller/White Gypsy[note 1] 54,895 0.1
White: Other 1,308,110 2.7 2,430,010 4.6
White: Total 44,679,361 91.0 45,281,142

85.4

Asian or Asian British: Indian 1,028,546 2.1 1,395,702 2.6
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 706,539 1.4 1,112,282 2.1
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 275,394 0.6 436,514 0.8
Asian or Asian British: Chinese[note 2] 220,681 0.5 379,502 0.7
Asian or Asian British: Asian Other 237,810 0.5 819,403 1.6
Asian or Asian British: Total 2,468,970 5.1 4,143,403

7.8

Black or Black British: Caribbean 561,246 1.1 591,016 1.1
Black or Black British: African 475,938 1.0 977,741 1.8
Black or Black British: Other 95,324 0.2 277,857 0.5
Black or Black British: Total 1,132,508 2.3 1,846,614

3.5

Mixed: White and Caribbean 231,424 0.5 415,616 0.8
Mixed: White and African 76,498 0.2 161,550 0.3
Mixed: White and Asian Other 184,014 0.4 332,708 0.6
Mixed: Other Mixed 151,437 0.3 283,005 0.3
British Mixed: Total 643,373 1.4 1,192,879

2.3

Other: Arab[note 3] 220,985 0.4
Other: Any other ethnic group 214,619 0.4 327,433 0.6
Other: Total 214,619 0.4 548,418

1.0

Total 49,138,831 100 53,012,456

100

Notes for table above

  1. New category created for the 2011 census
  2. In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.
  3. New category created for the 2011 census
Source: 2001 Census KS06 Ethnic group: Key Statistics for local Authorities and 2011 Census: KS201EW Ethnic group: local authorities in England and Wales.

Languages

The most common main languages spoken in England according to the 2011 census are shown below.[14]

Rank Language Usual residents aged 3+ Proportion
1 English 46,936,780 92.02%
2 Polish 529,173 1.04%
3 Panjabi 271,580 0.53%
4 Urdu 266,330 0.52%
5 Bengali (with Sylheti and Chatgaya) 216,196 0.42%
6 Gujarati 212,217 0.42%
7 Arabic 152,490 0.30%
8 French 145,026 0.28%
9 Portuguese 131,002 0.26%
10 Spanish 118,554 0.23%
11 Tamil 99,773 0.20%
12 Turkish 98,083 0.19%
13 Italian 90,547 0.18%
14 Somali 84,387 0.17%
15 Lithuanian 84,327 0.17%
16 German 75,190 0.15%
17 Persian/Farsi 75,179 0.15%
18 Tagalog/Filipino 67,593 0.13%
19 Romanian 66,496 0.13%
20 Russian 66,271 0.13%
Welsh 8,248 0.02%
Cornish 554 0.00%
Other 1,209,614 2.37%
Population 51,005,610 100.00%

Religion

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Circle frame.svg

Religious structure, according to the 2011 census

  Christianity (59.39%)
  Islam (5.02%)
  Hinduism (1.52%)
  Sikhism (0.79%)
  Judaism (0.49%)
  Buddhism (0.45%)
  Other religion (0.43%)
  No religion (24.74%)
  Not declared (7.17%)

Respondents to the 2001 and 2011 censuses gave their religions as follows:

Religion 2001[15] 2011[16]
Number % Number %
Christian 35,251,244 71.74% 31,479,876 59.38%
Muslim 1,524,887 3.10% 2,660,116 5.02%
Hindu 546,982 1.11% 806,199 1.52%
Sikh 327,343 0.67% 420,196 0.79%
Jewish 257,671 0.52% 261,282 0.49%
Buddhist 139,046 0.28% 238,626 0.45%
Other religion 143,811 0.29% 227,825 0.43%
No religion 7,171,332 14.59% 13,114,232 24.74%
Religion not stated 3,776,515 7.69% 3,804,104 7.18%
Total population 49,138,831 100.00% 53,012,456 100.00%

See also

Notes


References

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  4. John Hatcher and Mark Bailey, Modelling the Middle Ages, Oxford University press, 2001, pg. 29 ISBN 978-0-19-924412-6
  5. Stuart James Borsch, The Black Death in Egypt and England: a comparative study, University of Texas Press, 2005.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Wrigley and Schofield, "The Population History of England, 1541–1871. A reconstruction.", Harvard University Press, 1981, Table 7.8, pgs. 208-9, [1]
  7. At the time of the first census. Census officials estimated that there had been an increase of 77% in the preceding 100 years. In each county women were in the majority. Notes for 1801 taken from Kent 1800–1899 – A Chronicle of the Nineteenth Century Bob Ogley (Froglets Publications 2003) ISBN 1-872337-51-1. Wrigley and Schofield estimate 8,664,000 based on birth and death records.]
  8. Vision of Britain a population through time England, Retrieved 9 August 2013
  9. 2011 Census: Population Estimates for the United Kingdom, 27 March 2011 Published ONS 12 December 2011, Retrieved 9 August 2013
  10. Census 2001 Key Statistics – Local Authorities KS05 Country of birth, Accessed 6 September 2014
  11. 2011 Census: KS202EW National identity, local authorities in England and Wales, Accessed 22 December 2012
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External links