Portal:Food

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Food is any substance that can be consumed to help the body grow, usually composed primarily of carbohydrates, fats, minerals, water and/or proteins, that can be eaten or drunk and metabolized by almost all multicellular entities for nutrition or pleasure. Items considered food may be sourced from plants, animals or other categories such as fungus. Ranching, farming, fishing, hunting, foraging, grocery shopping and other methods are ways to obtain food. Most traditions have a recognizable cuisine, a specific set of cooking traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as gastronomy. Many cultures have diversified their foods by means of preparation, cooking methods and manufacturing. This also includes a complex food trade which helps the cultures to economically survive by-way-of food, not just by consumption. Global cuisines can be defined as cuisine based upon global, continental, national, state or local regions; essentially as cuisines of the world. Many cultures study the dietary analysis of food habits. While humans are omnivores, religion and social constructs such as morality often affect which foods they will consume. Food safety is also a concern with foodborne illness claiming many lives each year. In English, the substance food is often used metaphorically or figuratively, as in food for thought. The cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies was derived from familiar traditions from the colonist's home countries, mainly England. Many agricultural items came to the New World through trade with England and the West Indies. Certain familiar items grew better in the New World than others, and this led to a dependence on imports which drove the daily lives of the colonists. For example, the cost of items such as imported wool gave the colonists an incentive to raise sheep, not only for wool to replace imports, but for access to the meat of the older animals as mutton. However, the colonial diet was increasingly supplemented by meat and plant foods indigenous to the New World. In the years leading up to 1776, a number of events led to a drastic change in the diet of the American colonists. Taxes and tariffs levied by England increased the costs of goods and caused colonists to hold a grudge toward the British monarchy and British imports. Import tariffs and taxes, and other issues, eventually led to the American Revolution. As they could no longer depend on British and West Indies imports, agricultural practices of the colonists began to focus on becoming completely self sufficient. François Pierre La Varenne B. 1618 – d. 1678 François Pierre La Varenne ( – Dijon ) was the author of Le cuisinier françois (1651), the founding text of modern French cuisine. La Varenne broke with the Italian traditions that had dominated medieval and Renaissance French cookery during 16th century. He was the foremost member of a group of French chefs, writing for a professional audience, who codified French cuisine for the age of Louis XIV. The others were Nicholas de Bonnefons, Le jardinier François (1651) and Les Délices de la Campagne (1654) and François Massialot, Le Cuisinier royal et bourgois, (1691), which was still being edited and modernized in the mid-18th century. La Varenne introduced the first bisque and Béchamel sauce. He replaced crumbled bread with roux as the base for sauces, and lard with butter. He was the first to use the concept of bouquet garni, fonds de cuisine (stocks) and reductions. It also contains the earliest recipe in print for the dessert mille-feuille. Pesto ingredients Pesto is a sauce that originates in the city of Genoa in the Liguria region of northern Italy (pesto alla genovese). It can be used as a sauce for pasta or meat, or can be used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes. One classic use is to spread the pesto onto slices of bread which are then toasted. The word "pesto" derives from the Italian for pestle, pestello. This recipe substitutes Romano cheese for the usual Parmesan. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive (Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with lilacs, jasmine and ash trees), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The wild olive tree originated in Asia Minor, today the countries of Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps. The olive tree is native to the Mediterranean basin; wild olives were collected by Neolithic peoples as early as the 8th millennium BC. The wild olive tree originated in Asia Minor in modern Turkey. It is not clear when and where olive trees were first domesticated: in Asia Minor in the 6th millennium; along the Levantine coast stretching from the Sinai Peninsula to modern Turkey in the 4th millennium; or somewhere in the Mesopotamian Fertile Crescent in the 3rd millennium. Food news from Wikinews October 17: Police shut down Edmonton pizza restaurant for illegally delivering alcohol September 16: Subway sandwich empire co-founder Fred DeLuca dies August 30: UK beer, soft drinks delivery drivers vote to strike August 7: Russian government homosexuality position leads to NYC Russian vodka boycott May 12: Fifth Expo Gastronomía finishes in Caracas “ Cookery has become a noble art, a noble science; cooks are gentlemen. ” — Robert Burton Les Halles during France's Ancien régime Food Drink Beer Wine Liquor Coffee Bacon Agriculture and Agronomy Health and fitness Hunger relief Template:/box-footer Parent project: WikiProject Food and Drink Related projects: WikiProject Agriculture WikiProject Fishing and Fisheries Child projects: Task forces: Wikiproject Bacon WikiProject Bartending WikiProject Beer WikiProject Breakfast WikiProject Spirits Wikiproject Wine Beverages task force Cheeses task force Coffee and Tea task force Desserts task force Foodservice task force Herbs and Spices task force Pub task force What are WikiProjects? Here are some tasks awaiting attention: Article requests : See Food, drink, and nutrition article requests Cleanup : Bremner Wafer Copyedit : Personal chef, Tea Classics, More... Expand : Allen Family Foods, Maître d'hôtel, Outline of food preparation, Pastry chef, Saucier, Wenchang Chicken, More Maintain : List of chefs, List of Michelin starred restaurants NPOV : Vegetarianism Photo : Wikipedia requested photographs of food and drink Stubs : Food and drink stubs Verify : Baker, Breakfast, Brunch, Burger King Kingdom, Chef, Coconut milk powder, Dim sum, Dining rights, Dinner, Foodpairing, Food studies, Garde manger, Irish Cuisine, Latin American cuisine, List of street foods, Lunch, Meat cutter, Philippine cuisine, Salvadoran cuisine, Sausage making, Smörgåsbord, Tapas, Venetian cuisine Wikify : Confectionery store, List of stews Other : Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing Template:/box-header The following are categories relating to food. Select [►] to view subcategories ▼ Foods ► Foods by cooking technique ► Lists of foods ► Appetizers ► Breads ► Chocolate ► Condiments ► Confectionery ► Dairy products ► Desserts ► Dried foods ► Dumplings ► Edible plants ► Fast food ► Fermented foods ► Fictional foods ► Fruit ► Food ingredients ► Kosher food ► Meat ► Meat substitutes ► Military food ► Noodles ► Pancakes ► Pasta ► Patented foods ► Pet foods ► Pies ► Porridges ► Prepared foods by main ingredient ► Salads ► Sandwiches ► Sauces ► Food science ► Seafood ► Snack foods ► Soups ► Staple foods ► Stews ► Vegetables See also: Category:Lists of foods and Category:Lists of beverages Food list articles on Wikipedia: American cheeses Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée cheeses Apple cultivars Bacon dishes Bacon substitutes Basil cultivars Breads Breakfast beverages Breakfast cereals Breakfast foods British cheeses Cakes Candies Cheeses Cheese soups Christmas dishes (list) Cocktails Cookies Dishes using coconut milk Diets Doughnut varieties Egg dishes Fermented soy products Food additives Food additives (Codex Alimentarius) Foods named after people French cheeses French dishes Fried dough foods Fruits List of hamburgers Herbs and spices Hors d'oeuvre Indian dishes Indian snack foods Indonesian dishes Italian dishes Japanese snacks Japanese dishes Jewish dishes Kebabs Korean beverages Mango cultivars Moroccan dishes Pasta Pastries Philippine snack food Pies, tarts and flans Poppy seed pastries and dishes Potato dishes Puddings Raw fish dishes Rice dishes Rolled foods Sauces Seafood Seeds Sandwiches Snack foods Soft drinks by country Soul foods and dishes Soups Stews Street foods Tapas Turkish dishes Twice-baked foods Vegetable oils Vegetables Vodkas Template:/box-header The following are topics relating to food Beverages Alcoholic beverage, Beer, Cocktail, Coffee, Distilled beverage, Energy drink, Espresso, Flaming beverage, Foodshake, Juice, Korean beverages, Liqueur, Milk, Milkshake, Non-alcoholic beverage, Slush, Smoothie, Soft drink, Sparkling water, Sports drink, Tea, Water, Wine Cooking Baking, Barbecuing, Blanching, Baking Blind, Boiling, Braising, Broiling, Chefs, Coddling, Cookbooks, Cooking school, Cooking show, Cookware and bakeware, Cuisine, Deep frying, Double steaming, Food and cooking hygiene, Food processor, Food writing, Frying, Grilling, Hot salt frying, Hot sand frying, Infusion, Kitchen, Cooking utensils, Macerating, Marinating, Microwaving, Pan frying, Poaching, Pressure cooking, Pressure frying, Recipe, Restaurant, Roasting, Rotisserie, Sautéing, Searing, Simmering, Smoking, Steaming, Steeping, Stewing, Stir frying, Vacuum flask cooking Cooking schools Art Institute of Fort Lauderdale, Cambridge School of Culinary Arts, Culinary Institute of America, French Culinary Institute, Hattori Nutrition College, International Culinary Center, Johnson & Wales University, Le Cordon Bleu, Louisiana Culinary Institute, New England Culinary Institute, Schenectady County Community College, State University of New York at Delhi Dining Buffet, Catering, Drinkware, Food festival, Gourmand, Gourmet, Picnic, Potluck, Restaurant, Salad bar, Service à la française, Service à la russe, Table d'hôte, Thanksgiving dinner, Vegan, Vegetarian, Waiter, Wine tasting Foods Baby food, Beans, Beef, Breads, Burger, Breakfast cereals, Cereal, Cheeses, Comfort food, Condiments, Confections, Convenience food, Cuisine, Dairy products, Delicacies, Desserts, Diet food, Dried foods, Eggs, Fast foods, Finger food, Fish, Flavoring, Food additive, Food supplements, Frozen food, Fruits, Functional food, Genetically modified food, Herbs, Hors d'œuvres, Hot dogs, Ingredients, Junk food, Legumes, Local food, Meats, Noodles, Novel food, Nuts, Organic foods, Pastas, Pastries, Poultry, Pork, Produce, Puddings, Salads, Sandwiches, Sauces, Seafood, Seeds, Side dishes, Slow foods, Soul food, Snack foods, Soups, Spices, Spreads, Staple food, Stews, Street food, Sweets, Taboo food and drink, Vegetables Food industry Agriculture, Bakery, Dairy, Fair trade, Farmers' market, Farming, Fishing industry, Food additive, Food bank, Food co-op, Food court, Food distribution, Food engineering, Food processing, Food Salvage, Food science, Foodservice distributor, Grocery store, Health food store, Institute of Food Technologists, Meat packing industry, Organic farming, Restaurant, Software, Supermarket, Sustainable agriculture Food organizations American Culinary Federation, American Institute of Baking, American Society for Enology and Viticulture, Chinese American Food Society, European Food Information Resource Network, Food and Agriculture Organization, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Technologists, International Association of Culinary Professionals, International Life Sciences Institute, International Union of Food Science and Technology, James Beard Foundation, World Association of Chefs Societies Food politics Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, European Food Safety Authority, Food and agricultural policy, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Drugs Act, Food and Drug Administration, Food and Nutrition Service, Food crises, Food labelling Regulations, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Food security, Food Stamp Program, Food Standards Agency (UK), Natural food movement, World Food Council, World Food Prize, World Food Programme Food preservation Canning, Dried foods, Fermentation, Freeze drying, Food preservatives, Irradiation, Pasteurization, Pickling, Preservative, Snap freezing, Vacuum evaporation Food science Appetite, Aristology, Biosafety, Cooking, Danger zone, Digestion, Famine, Fermentation, Flavor, Food allergy, Foodborne illness, Food coloring, Food composition, Food chemistry, Food craving, Food faddism, Food engineering, Food preservation, Food quality, Food safety, Food storage, Food technology, Gastronomy, Gustatory system, Harvesting, Product development, Sensory analysis, Shelf-life, Slaughtering, Taste, Timeline of agriculture and food technology Meals Breakfast, Second breakfast, Elevenses, Brunch, Tiffin, Lunch, Tea, Dinner, Supper, Dessert, Snack Courses of a meal Amuse bouche, Bread, Cheese, Coffee, Dessert, Entrée, Entremet, Hors d'œuvre, Main course, Nuts, Salad, Soup Nutrition Chronic toxicity, Dietary supplements, Diet, Dieting, Diets, Eating disorder, Food allergy, Food energy, Food groups, Food guide pyramid, Food pyramid, Food sensitivity, Healthy eating, Malnutrition, Nootropic, Nutraceutical, Nutrient, Obesity, Protein, Protein combining, Yo-yo dieting Occupations Baker, Butcher, Chef, Personal chef, Farmer, Food stylist, Grocer, Waiter Other Food chain, Incompatible Food Triad The following Wikimedia sister projects provide more on this subject: Wikipedia's Portals All Portals Overview Glossaries Indices Lists Outlines Categories Reference Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Featured 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