Portal:Peru

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Flag of the Republic of Peru
Coat of Arms of the Republic of Peru
Location of Peru
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Peru is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, and to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the country in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisis as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. Peru is a presidential representative democratic republic divided into 25 regions. Its geography varies from the arid plains of the Pacific coast to the peaks of the Andes mountains and the tropical forests of the Amazon basin. It is a developing country with a medium Human Development Index score and a poverty level around 40%. Its main economic activities include agriculture, fishing, mining, and manufacturing of products such as textiles. The Peruvian population, estimated at 28 million, is multiethnic, including Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechua or other native languages.

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Regions of Peru

The regions of Peru (Spanish: Regiones del Perú) are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Peru. Since its 1821 independence, Peru had been divided into departments (Spanish: departamentos) but faced the problem of an increasing centralization of political and economic power in its capital, Lima. After several unsuccessful decentralization attempts, departments were replaced by regions and regional governments elected on November 20, 2002.

Under the new arrangement, the former 24 departments plus the Callao Province have become regions. The province of Lima has been excluded of this process and does not form part of any region. Unlike the earlier departments, regions have an elected government and have a wide array of responsibilities within their jurisdiction. Under the 2002 Organic Law of Regional Governments (Spanish: Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales), there is an ongoing process of transfer of functions from the central government to the regions. A 2005 referendum for the merger of several regions failed to get the necessary electoral support. (more...)

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Osambela House
Photo credit: Manuel González Olaechea

Osambela House (Spanish: Casa de Osambela) is one of the biggest houses built in Lima during the colonial period. This mansion was built between 1803 and 1805, but was officially finished in 1807. It has five balconies and a mirador from which the first owner of the place, Don Martín de Osambela, watched with a spyglass the arrival of galleons to the port of Callao. It was renovated in 2003 and serves as a venue for art exhibitions and cultural events. (more...)

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The Cenepa War (January 26 – February 28, 1995), also known as the Alto Cenepa War, was a brief and localized military conflict between Ecuador and Peru, fought over control of a disputed area on the border between the two countries. The indecisive outcome of the conflict — with both sides claiming victory — along with the mediation efforts of the United States of America, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, paved the way for the opening of diplomatic negotiations that ultimately led to the signing of a definitive peace agreement in 1998, putting an end to one of the longest territorial disputes in the Western Hemisphere. (more...)

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Peru

CultureArchitectureArtCinemaLiteratureMusicCuisineDancesMediaNational symbolsSport

EconomyAgricultureEnergyMiningTourismCompaniesCurrenciesTrade unions

GeographyGeologyLandformsNatural disastersPopulated placesProtected areasSubdivisions

GovernmentForeign relationsPolitical office-holders

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History: Ancient civilizations • Inca Empire • Spanish conquest • Viceroyalty • War of independence • War of the Pacific • Demographic • Economic • More...

Politics: Constitution • Law • Human rights • Foreign relations • Military • Electoral system • Political parties • More...

Geography: Regions • Cities • Lima • Earthquakes • Mountains • Rivers • Flora • National parks • More...

Economy: Currency • Central Bank • Stock Exchange • Communications • Transport • Tourism • Companies • Electricity • Water supply and sanitation • More...

Culture: Architecture • Art • Cinema • Dances • Cuisine • Education • Languages • Literature • Media • Music • Public holidays • Religion • Sport • More...

Other: Chifa • Guinea pig • Inca Kola • Llama • Machu Picchu • People • More...

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