Prefixes in Hebrew

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. There are several prefixes in the Hebrew language which are appended to regular words to introduce a new meaning. In Hebrew, the letters that form those prefixes are called "formative letters" (Hebrew: אוֹתִיּוֹת הַשִּׁמּוּשׁ, Otiyot HaShimush). Eleven of the twenty-two letters of the Hebrew alphabet are considered Otiyot HaShimush. These letters are Aleph (א), Bet (ב), He (ה), Vav (ו), Yud (י), Kaf (כ), Lamed (ל), Mem (מ), Nun (נ), Shin (ש), and Tav (ת). A mnemonic to remember these letters is איתן משה וכלב (Eitan, Moshe, v'Kalev), which translates to "Ethan, Moses, and Caleb."

Otiyot haShimush

Prefixes in Hebrew serve multiple purposes. A prefix can serve as a conjunction, preposition, definite article, or interrogative. Prefixes are also used when conjugating verbs in the future tense and for various other purposes.

Conjunctions

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ו‎ (Vav) and, but Vav-conjunctive, cf. Vav-consecutive can make the "v" sound (/v/) or the "u" sound (/u/). If it is used with other prefixes, this is always the first prefix.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וְהוּאvahu[1] (and he)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּבַיוֹםuvayom[2] (and on the day)

Inseparable prepositions

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ל‎ (Lamed) to, for The Inseparable Prepositions are pointed:
  1. Normally with Sheva.
  2. Before a Sheva they take Chirik.
  3. Before <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יְ‎ they take Chirik, but the Sheva under the <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎ falls away.
  4. Before a T'nua Chatufa they assume the corresponding short vowel.
  5. Before <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶלֹהִים‎ they take Tzere and the T'nua Chatufa under the <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />א‎ disappears.
  1. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לְמֶלֶךְl'melech (to a king)
  2. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לִמְלָכִיםlim'lochim (to kings)
  3. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לִיהוּדָהlihudah (to Judah)
  4. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לַאֲרִיla'ari (to a lion)
  5. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />לֵאלֹהִיםlelohim (to God)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ב‎ (Bet) in, with, by
  1. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בְּמֶלֶךְb'melech (in a king)
  2. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בִּמְלָכִיםbim'lochim (in kings)
  3. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בִּיהוּדָהbihudah (in Judah)
  4. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בַּאֲרִיba'ari (in a lion)
  5. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בֵּאלֹהִיםbelohim (in God)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כ‎ (Kaf) as, like
  1. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כְּמֶלֶךְk'melech (as a king)
  2. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כִּמְלָכִיםkim'lochim (as kings)
  3. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כִּיהוּדָהkihudah (as Judah)
  4. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כַּאֲרִיka'ari (as a lion)
  5. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />כֵּאלֹהִיםkelohim (as God)

Other prepositions

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מ‎ (Mem) from
  1. Before ordinary letters (excluding the gutturals and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר‎) it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִ‎ followed by a Dagesh Chazak.
  2. Before gutturals and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר‎ it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֵ‎.
  3. Before the article it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֵ‎ as in 2, and the article remains intact; or it becomes <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִן‎ plus <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ה‎.
  1. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִמֶּלֶךְmimelech (from a king)
  2. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֵאָדָםmeadam (from a man)
  3. <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֵהַמֶּלֶךְ‎ or <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִן הַמֶּלֶךְmehamelech or min hamelech (from the king)

Definite article

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ה‎ (He) the Before ordinary letters (i.e. excluding gutturals and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר‎) it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַ‎ followed by a Dagesh Chazak.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַמֶּלֶךְhamelech (the king)
Before the weaker gutturals <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עא‎ and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ר‎ it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָ‎.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָאוֹרhaor (the light)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָעַיִןhaayin (the eye)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָרֹאשׁharosh (the head)
Before the harsh gutturals <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חה‎ it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַ‎.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַהוֹדhahod (the glory)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הַחֹשֶׁךְhachoshech (the darkness)
Before an unaccented <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָ‎ and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עָ‎ and always before <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חָ‎ it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶ‎.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶהָרִיםheharim (the mountains)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶעָפָרheafar (the dust)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶחָכָםhechacham (the wise)
Before an accented <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָ‎ and <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עָ‎ it is <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָ‎.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָהָרhahar (the mountain)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הָעָזhaaz (the strong)
  • When used with the Bet, Kaf or Lamed prepositional prefix it is omitted; instead the vowel on the preposition is changed.
  • If He is used with other prefixes, the He is always the last prefix before the root.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וּבַיוֹםuvayom[3] (and on the day: note that the ve (on) combines with the ha (the) to become va (on the)).

Interrogative

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ה‎ (He) Used to indicate a question Can usually be distinguished from the definite article because it is vowelized with a chataf patach
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֲבֵן יַקִּיר לִי?haven yakir li?[4] (Is he my most precious son?)

Conjugation of verbs

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Prefix Meaning Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />א‎ (Alef) When prefixed to a verb stem, indicates first person, singular, future tense. I will.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֹמַרomar (I will say)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />י‎ (Yud) When prefixed to a verb stem, indicates third person, future tense. (Number and gender depend on suffixes.) He will or They will.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יֺאמַרyomar (he will say)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />יֺאמְרוּyomru (they will say)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נ‎ (Nun) When prefixed to a verb stem, indicates first person, plural, future tense. We will.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נֺאמַרnomar (we will say)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ת‎ (Tav) When prefixed to a verb stem, indicates one of the following:
  • third person, singular, feminine, future tense. She will
  • second person, future tense. (Number and gender depend on suffixes.) You will
  • In biblical Hebrew, third person, plural, feminine, future tense. They will
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֹּאמַרtomar (she will say)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֹּאמַרtomar (you will say)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תֹּאמַרְנָה שָׂרוֹתtomarna sarot[5] (the women of the nobility will say)

Other uses

Prefix Meaning Comments Examples
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שׁ‎ (Shin) that, which, who, whom
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שֶׁקָּרָהshekara (which happened)
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />שֶׁעָשׂוּsheasu'[6] (who performed)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />ו‎ (Vav (letter)) changes past tense to future tense and vice versa Used mostly in Biblical Hebrew as vav-consecutive (compare vav-conjunctive). Pronounced "va" when changing future tense to past tense. Usually pronounced "v'" or "u" when changing past tense to future tense.
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וַיֹּאמֶרvayomer'[7]' (he said)

(compare yomar[8]-he will say)

  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />וְאָהַבְתָּveahavta[9] (you shall love)

(compare ahavta[10]-you loved)

Non Otiyot HaShimush

These prefixes (Hebrew: תְּחִלִּית t'hilit) often come from loanwords from English (Latin, Greek, etc...) which are especially prevalent with technical and academic terms. Other prefixes are native to Hebrew (ex. rav). When the Hebrew prefix does not line up in similarity to the English, Greek, or Latin one that is because it is of Hebrew origin.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Prefix Origin Hebrew Meaning Examples
ex- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶקְס-eks former
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶקְסְפּוֹזִיצְיָהekspozitzya exposition
un-/non- English/ Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִי-i/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוֹן-non negation
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִי-אַלִּימוּתi-alimut non-violence
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נוֹנְקוֹנְפוֹרְמִיזְםnonkonformizm nonconformism
in-/il-/im-/ir- Latin/ Biblical Hebrew[11] <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִי-i not, opposite of
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִירַצְיוֹנָלִיiratzyonali irrational
a- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אָ-a lacking in, lack of
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אָפּוֹלִיטִיapoliti apolitical
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אָ-מִינִיa-mini (means: a-sexual) asexual
prae- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּרֵה-pre/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרוֹם-trom/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קְדַם-kedam before
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּרֵהִיסְטוֹרִיprehistori prehistoric
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרוֹם-לֵדָתִיterom-ledati (means: pre-birth/pre-delivery (of a baby)) prenatal
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />קְדַם-סוֹקְרָטִיתkedam-sokratit (means: Pre-Socratic) Pre-Socratic
pro- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּרוֹ-pro for, on the side of
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּרוֹגְנוֹזָהprognoza prognosis
inter- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְטֶר-inter/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בֵּין-ben between, among
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְטֶרְנַצְיוֹנָלinternatzyonal international
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />בֵּינְלְאֻמִּיbenleumi (means: international) international
intra- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְטְרָה-intra/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תּוֹךְ-tokh/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פְּנִים-pnim inside
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְטְרָנֶטintranet intranet
para- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פָּרָה-para beside, beyond
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פָּרַפְּלֶגparapaleg paraplegic
homo- English
(from Greek homos)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הוֹמוֹ-homo same
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הוֹמוֹסֶקְסוּאָלִיּוּתhomoseksualiyut homosexuality
hetero- English
(from Greek heteros)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֵטֵרוֹ-hetero, <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶטְרוֹ-hetro different
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֵטֵרוֹסֶקְסוּאָלִיּוּתheteroseksualiyut heterosexuality
di-/bi- Greek/English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />דּוּ-du two
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />דּוּ-תַּחְמֹצֶתdu-tahmotzet (means: di-oxide) dioxide
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />דּוּ-לְשׁוֹנִיdu-leshoni (means: bi-lingual) bilingual
geo- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גֵּאוֹ-geo relating to the earth or its surface
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />גֵּאוֹתֶרְמִיgeotermi geothermal
retro- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶטְרוֹ-retro backwards
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶטְרוֹאַקְטִיבִיretroaktivi retroactive
semi- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סֶמִי-semi half
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סֶמִיטְרֵיְלֶרsemitreiler semitrailer
hemi- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶמִי-hemi half
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הֶמִיסְפֶרָהhemisfera hemisphere
electro- English <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶלֶקְטְרוֹ-elektro electric, electricity
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶלֶקְטְרוֹאֶנְצֶפָלוֹגְרָףelektroentzfalograf electroencephalograph (EEG)
anti- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַנְטִי-anti opposite
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַנְטִיכְּרִיסְטantikrist Antichrist
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַנְטִי-חֹמֶרanti-homer antimatter
infra- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְפְרָה-infra below, beneath
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִינְפְרָה-אָדֹםinfra-adom infrared
mono- English
(from Greek monos)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוֹנוֹ-mono/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חַד-had one, sole, only
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוֹנוֹלוֹגmonolog monologue
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חַד-לְשׁוֹנִיhad-leshoni monolingual
uni- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חַד-had one
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חַד-אוֹפַןhad-ofan (lit. uni-wheel) unicycle
poly- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פּוֹלִי-poli many
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פּוֹלִיגַמְיָהpoligamya polygamy
multi- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוּלְטִי-multi/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רַב-rav many
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מוּלְטִימֶדְיָהmultimedya multimedia
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רַב-לְשׁוֹנִיrav-leshoni multilingual
tele- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טֶלֶ-tele at a distance
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טֶלֶסְקוֹפּteleskop telescope
super- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּפֶּר-super/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עַל-al/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />-עָלal over, above, more than, better
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוּפֶּרְנוֹבָהsupernova supernova
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />עַל-טִבְעִיal-tivi supernatural
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מַחְשֵׁב-עָלmakhshav-al supercomputer
hyper- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִיפֶּר-hiper extra specially, over, high
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִיפֶּרְאַקְטִיבִיhiperaktivi hyperactive
tri- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרִי-tri three
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרִיאַתְלוֹןtriatlon triathlon
re- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶ-re again, back
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶאוֹרְגָּנִיזַצְיָהreorganizatzya reorganization
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶה-אִרְגּוּןre-irgun reorganization
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />רֶבִיזְיָהrevizya revision
sub- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תַּת-tat under, lower than, less than
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />תַּת-מוּדָעtat-muda subconscious
extra- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶקְסְטְרָ-ekstra/<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חוּץ-hutz outside
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />חוּץ-תָּאִיhutz-tai extracellular
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אֶקְסְטְרָטֶרִיטוֹרְיָאלִיekstrateritoryali extraterritorial
neo- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נֵאוֹ-neo new
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />נֵאוֹלוֹגִיזְםneologizm neologism
proto- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אָב-av first, original, father
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אַבְטִיפּוּסavtipus prototype
socio- French <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוֹצְיוֹ-sotzyo society, social, sociological
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />סוֹצְיוֹלִינְגְּוִיסְטִיקָהsotzyolingvistika sociolinguistics
hydro- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִידְרוֹ-hidro relating to water, or using water
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִידְרוֹאֶלֶקְטְרִיhidroelektri hydroelectric
hypo- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִיפּוֹ-hipo under or below something, low
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />הִיפּוֹגְלִיקֶמְיָהhipoglikemya hypoglycemia
iso- English
(from Greek isos)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִיזוֹ-izo equal
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִיזוֹטוֹפּizotop isotope
meta- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶטָ-meta after, along with, beyond, among
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶטָבּוֹלִיזְםmetabolizm metabolism
mega- English
(from Greek megas)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶגָה-mega very large, million
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מֶגָהֶרְץmegahertz megahertz
micro- English
(from Greek micros)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִיקְרוֹ-mikro minute size, 1/1,000,000
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />מִיקְרוֹסְקוֹפּmikroskop microscope
trans- Latin <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרַנְס-trans across
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />טְרַנְסְאַטְלַנְטִיtransatlanti transatlantic
idio- English
(from Greek idios)
<templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִידְיוֹ-idyo individual, personal, unique
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אִידְיוֹמָטִיidyomati idiomatic
pyro- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִּירוֹ-piro fire
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִּירוֹמֶטֶרpirometer pyrometer
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />פִּירוֹמָןpiroman (means: pyro-maniac) pyromaniac
auto- Greek <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹטוֹ-oto self
  • <templatestyles src="Script/styles_hebrew.css" />אוֹטוֹמָטִיotomati automatic

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

  1. Genesis 3:16.
  2. Exodus 12:16.
  3. Exodus 12:16.
  4. Jeremiah 31:19.
  5. Esther 1:18.
  6. Ecclesiastes 2:11.
  7. Genesis 1:6.
  8. Genesis 31:8.
  9. Leviticus 19:18.
  10. Genesis 22:2.
  11. 1 Samuel, 4:21

External links